Cernelian/3rd declension: Difference between revisions
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ ''tuć'' " | |+ ''tuć'' "disease" | ||
! | ! | ||
! Singular | ! Singular | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
! Locative | ! Locative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''tuć'''cho''''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tuć'''cho''''' | ||
| ''tuc'''iszo''''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Ablative | ! Ablative | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | '' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tu'''cto''''' | ||
| ''tuc'''isto''''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''tuć'''ło''''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tuć'''ło''''' | ||
| ''tuc'''iło''''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Vocative | ! Vocative | ||
| Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
| style="background:#ddd" | ''tuc'''ie''''' | | style="background:#ddd" | ''tuc'''ie''''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
There is slight irregularity in the singular ablative form, ''**tućsto'' is simplified to ''tucto''. Before the ending, the sequences ''**-ćs-'', ''**-dźs-'' are simplified to ''-c-'', while ''**-śćs-'' and ''**-źdźs-'' are simplified to ''-js-''. | |||
Revision as of 00:39, 18 October 2021
Nominals ending in soft -∅. Because in Proto-Finnic this type ends in -i which transparent in vowel harmony (łólcho "in the stupid one" vs. nirsze "in the dull one"), it split into four subtypes. While in other Finnic languages e-stem is more alive, i-stem is much alive here and the e-stem of 3rd declension simply died. The only remnant of e-stem here is the nominative (incl. accusative and vocative) plurals.
Type 3A
Nominals with stems ending in -b, -ć, -dź, -j, -m, -ń, -p, -ś, -w, and -ź (all letters containing acute accent like -dź always written -Ci(V)- before vowels). It has back vowel harmony.
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -∅ | -ie | |
| Accusative | Inanimate | ||
| Animate | -ię | ||
| Genitive | -iedzię | ||
| Dative | -ią | -ią | |
| Locative | -cho | -iszo | |
| Ablative | -sto | -isto | |
| Instrumental | -ło | -iło | |
| Vocative | -cho | -ie | |
Examples:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuć | tucie |
| Accusative | tucię | |
| Genitive | tuciedzię | |
| Dative | tucią | tucią |
| Locative | tućcho | tuciszo |
| Ablative | tucto | tucisto |
| Instrumental | tućło | tuciło |
| Vocative | tućcho | tucie |
There is slight irregularity in the singular ablative form, **tućsto is simplified to tucto. Before the ending, the sequences **-ćs-, **-dźs- are simplified to -c-, while **-śćs- and **-źdźs- are simplified to -js-.
