Liwadi: Phonology: Difference between revisions
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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! / | ! /j/ | ||
! /w/ | |||
! /n/ | |||
! /m/ | |||
! /l/ | |||
! /ʔ/ | |||
! /t/ | |||
! /d/ | |||
! /s/ | |||
! /z/ | |||
! /ɾ/ | |||
! /h/ | |||
! /p/ | |||
! /b/ | ! /b/ | ||
! /k/ | |||
! /g/ | ! /g/ | ||
! / | ! /ŋ/ | ||
! /ä/ | |||
! /e/ | ! /e/ | ||
! /ɛ/ | ! /ɛ/ | ||
! /i/ | ! /i/ | ||
! /ɪ/ | ! /ɪ/ | ||
! /o/ | ! /o/ | ||
! /u/ | ! /u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Latin | ! Latin | ||
| | | Y y | ||
| W w | |||
| N n | |||
| M m | |||
| L l | |||
| ʻ | |||
| T t | |||
| D d | |||
| S s | |||
| Z z | |||
| R r | |||
| H h | |||
| P p | |||
| B b | | B b | ||
| G g | | G g | ||
| | | K k | ||
| Ń ń | |||
| A a | |||
| E e | | E e | ||
| ė | | ė | ||
| I i | | I i | ||
| ı | | ı | ||
| O o | | O o | ||
| U u | | U u | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Arabic | |||
| ی <sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> | |||
| و | |||
| ن | |||
| م | |||
| ل | |||
| ع | |||
| ط | |||
| ظ | |||
| ص | |||
| ض | |||
| ر | |||
| ح | |||
| ٮ | |||
| ﺏ | |||
| ک | |||
| ݢ | |||
| گ | |||
| <sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
* | *<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup> The letters of the alphabet are arranged in the [[Wikipedia:Arabic alphabet#Alphabetic order|Maghrebian]] ''hijāʾī'' order. | ||
*<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> The vowels are represented by diacritics. | |||
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|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| m /m/ | | m /m/ م | ||
| n /n/ | | n /n/ ن | ||
| | | | ||
| ń /ŋ/ | | ń /ŋ/ گ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Stops | ! rowspan="2" | Stops | ||
! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| p /p/ | | p /p/ ٮ | ||
| t /t/ | | t /t/ ط | ||
| | | | ||
| k /k/ | | k /k/ ک | ||
| ʻ /ʔ/ | | ʻ /ʔ/ ع | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| b /b/ | | b /b/ ﺏ | ||
| d /d/ | | d /d/ ظ | ||
| | | | ||
| g /g/ | | g /g/ ݢ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| s /s/ | | s /s/ ص | ||
| | | | ||
| h /h/ | | h /h/ ح | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| z /z/ | | z /z/ ض | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| w /w/ | | w /w/ و | ||
| l /l/ | | l /l/ ل | ||
| r /ɾ/ | | r /ɾ/ ر | ||
| y /j/ | | y /j/ ی | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==Alphabet - ''' | ==Alphabet - '''ىٙوٙن, Yawan'''== | ||
*The Liwadi alphabet (''' | *The Liwadi alphabet ('''yawan''') has 24 [[Wikipedia:Grapheme|graphemes]] ('''oń''') which represent 24 sounds ('''nihoń'''). | ||
*As the Liwadis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were | *As the Liwadis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were Egyptian, they used the Arabic alphabet. For this reason alphabetic order is a modified [[Wikipedia:Arabic alphabet#Alphabetic order|Maghrebian]] ''hijāʾī'' order. I have transliterated them into the Latin alphabet for this study. | ||
*The consonants are | *The consonants are y, w, n, m, l, ʻ, t, d, s, z, r, h, p, b, k, g and ń. | ||
*When the stop consonants ( | *When the stop consonants [[Wikipedia:Begadkefat|(t, d, p, b, k, g)]] precede a consonant, they are [[Wikipedia:Lenition|lenited]] to the corresponding fricative. These are indicated by writing the letter with a dot over or under (ṭ, ḍ, ṗ, ḅ, ḳ, ġ). | ||
*The vowel inventory consists of a, e, ė, i, ı, o, and u. | *The vowel inventory consists of a, e, ė, i, ı, o, and u. | ||
[[Liwadi: Syntax]] | [[Liwadi: Syntax]] | ||
Revision as of 15:34, 24 July 2021
Table of Phonemes
| IPA | /j/ | /w/ | /n/ | /m/ | /l/ | /ʔ/ | /t/ | /d/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ɾ/ | /h/ | /p/ | /b/ | /k/ | /g/ | /ŋ/ | /ä/ | /e/ | /ɛ/ | /i/ | /ɪ/ | /o/ | /u/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latin | Y y | W w | N n | M m | L l | ʻ | T t | D d | S s | Z z | R r | H h | P p | B b | G g | K k | Ń ń | A a | E e | ė | I i | ı | O o | U u |
| Arabic | ی 1 | و | ن | م | ل | ع | ط | ظ | ص | ض | ر | ح | ٮ | ﺏ | ک | ݢ | گ | 2 |
- 1 The letters of the alphabet are arranged in the Maghrebian hijāʾī order.
- 2 The vowels are represented by diacritics.
Phonology
Consonant Chart
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ م | n /n/ ن | ń /ŋ/ گ | |||
| Stops | voiceless | p /p/ ٮ | t /t/ ط | k /k/ ک | ʻ /ʔ/ ع | |
| voiced | b /b/ ﺏ | d /d/ ظ | g /g/ ݢ | |||
| Fricatives | voiceless | s /s/ ص | h /h/ ح | |||
| voiced | z /z/ ض | |||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | w /w/ و | l /l/ ل | r /ɾ/ ر | y /j/ ی |
Vowel Chart
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | |
| Near-close | ı /ɪ/ | ||
| Close-mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | |
| Open-mid | ė /ɛ/ | ||
| Open | a /ä/ |
Alphabet - ىٙوٙن, Yawan
- The Liwadi alphabet (yawan) has 24 graphemes (oń) which represent 24 sounds (nihoń).
- As the Liwadis had no writing when discovered by the space travelers, a written alphabet was created by the anthropologists who were on the voyage. As they were Egyptian, they used the Arabic alphabet. For this reason alphabetic order is a modified Maghrebian hijāʾī order. I have transliterated them into the Latin alphabet for this study.
- The consonants are y, w, n, m, l, ʻ, t, d, s, z, r, h, p, b, k, g and ń.
- When the stop consonants (t, d, p, b, k, g) precede a consonant, they are lenited to the corresponding fricative. These are indicated by writing the letter with a dot over or under (ṭ, ḍ, ṗ, ḅ, ḳ, ġ).
- The vowel inventory consists of a, e, ė, i, ı, o, and u.
