Proto-Hispanic: Difference between revisions

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Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages.
Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and maybe it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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|-
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====Consonant gradation====


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
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|}


==Ablaut patterns==
====Ablaut patterns====


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
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{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|  
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|  
!rowspan="2"|  
!colspan="2"| Singular
!colspan="2"| Singular
!colspan="2"| Plural
!colspan="2"| Plural
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!rowspan="2"| 1st person
!rowspan="2"| 1st person
! Exclusive
! Exclusive
| *ni
| *n-
| *da
| *da
| *gu
| *gu
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!rowspan="2"| 2nd person
!rowspan="2"| 2nd person
! Masculine
! Masculine
| *xi
| *h-
| *ɣa
| *xa
| *zu  
| *zu  
| *zu
| *zu
|-
|-
! Feminine
! Feminine
| *bi
| *b-
| *na
| *na
| *su ~ *ʃu
| *su
| *su ~ *ʃu
| *su
|-
|-
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! Indeterminate
! Indeterminate
| *ʃe
| *ʃ-
| *ga
| *ga
|-
|-
! Proximal
! Proximal
| *de
| *d-
| *ɦa
| *ɦa
|-
|-
! Medial-proximal
! Medial-proximal
| *be ~ *pe
| *p-
| *ɦi
| *ɦi
|-
|-
! Medial
! Medial
| *tʰe
| *tʰ-
| *ɦe
| *ɦe
|-
|-
! Medial-distal
! Medial-distal
| *le
| *l-
| *ɦo
| *ɦo
|-
|-
! Distal
! Distal
| *ze
| *ʃ-
| *ɦu
| *ɦu
|-
|-
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| *nǝ
| *nǝ
| *nǝ-ɦi
| *nǝ-ɦi
|-
|}
==Sound correspondences with real languages==
===Consonants===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Proto-Hispanic
! Iberian
! Basque
|-
| *ŋ
| ?
| n-/-0-/-n
|-
| *n
| ?
| n
|-
| *m
| ?
| m/n
|-
| *b
| ?
| b
|-
| *p
| ?
| p/b-
|-
| *pʰ
| ?
| p
|-
| *d
| ?
| d/t-
|-
| *t
| ?
| t
|-
| *tʰ
| ?
| t
|-
| *g
| ?
| g
|-
| *k
| ?
| k
|-
| *kʰ
| ?
| h/0
|-
| *dz
| ?
| z
|-
| *tz
| ?
| z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
|-
| *tʰz
| ?
| z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
|-
| *ds
| ?
| z
|-
| *ts
| ?
| tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU-
|-
| *tʰs
| ?
| z/sU
|-
| *dʃ
| ?
| z
|-
| *tʃ
| ?
| tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU-
|-
| *tʰʃ
| ?
| z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
|-
| *z
| ?
| z
|-
| *s
| ?
| z
|-
| *ʃ
| ?
| s
|-
| *ɦ
| ?
| ɦ/h/0
|-
| *h
| ?
| h/0
|-
| *x
| ?
| g/h/0
|-
| *l
| ?
| l-/-ɾ-/-l
|-
| *ɫ
| ?
| l
|-
| *ɬ
| ?
| l-/-lh-/-rC-/-l
|-
| *ɾ
| ?
| ɾ
|-
| *r
| ?
| r
|-
| *ɹ
| ?
| ɾ/r?
|-
|}
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Proto-Hispanic
! Iberian
! Basque
|-
| *i
| ?
| i?
|-
| *ɨ
| ?
| i/u?
|-
| *u
| ?
| u?
|-
| *e
| ?
| e?
|-
| *ə
| ?
| e/o?
|-
| *o
| ?
| o?
|-
| *a
| ?
| a?
|-
|}
==Thematic lexicon==
===Personal relations===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Proto-Hispanic
! English meaning
! Spanish meaning
! Basque cognate
! Notes
|-
| *ɦa-ma || mother || madre || ama || -
|-
| *da-da-ɦi || father || padre || aita || -
|-
| *i=tʰsi/*e=tʰsi || sister || hermana || an-hi=z-pa || -
|-
| *u=tʰsi/*o=tʰsi || brother || hermano || ? || -
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:26, 26 July 2020

Proto-Hispanic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the fictional group of Hispanic languages. Not yet estimated when it was spoken, and maybe it's asociated to Cardium pottery in Iberian peninsula. It is based on Basque and the Northern Caucasian languages.

Phonology

Consonants

  Labial Laminodental Apicoalveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal *m *n *ŋ
Stop Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *kʰ *h
Voiceless *p *t *k
Voiced *b *d *g
Affricate Aspirated *tʰz *tʰs *tʰʃ
Voiceless *tz *ts *tʃ
Voiced *dz *ds *dʃ
Fricative *z *s *ʃ *x *ɦ
Lateral Fricative *ɬ
Aproximant *l *ɫ
Rhotic Aproximant *ɹ
Trill *r
Tap *ɾ

Consonant gradation

  Lenis Fortis Lenis/Fortis
Nasal *ŋ *n *m
Labial Stop *b *p *pʰ
Dentoalveolar Stop *d *t *tʰ
Velar Stop *g *k *kʰ
Laminodental Affricate *dz *tz *tʰz
Apicoalveolar Affricate *ds *ts *tʰs
Postalveolar Affricate *dʃ *tʃ *tʰʃ
Sibilant Fricative *z *s *ʃ
Laringal *ɦ *h *x
Lateral *l *ɫ *ɬ
Rhotic *ɾ *r *ɹ

Vowels

  Front Central Back
High *i *ɨ *u
Mid *e *ə *o
Low *a

Ablaut patterns

  I II III
Type 1 *a *e *i
Type 2 *a *ə *ɨ
Type 3 *a *o *u

Verb morphology

Personal particles

  Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
1st person Exclusive *n- *da *gu *gu
Inclusive - - *ɬu *ɬu
2nd person Masculine *h- *xa *zu *zu
Feminine *b- *na *su *su

Thrid person particles

  Subject Object
Indeterminate *ʃ- *ga
Proximal *d- *ɦa
Medial-proximal *p- *ɦi
Medial *tʰ- *ɦe
Medial-distal *l- *ɦo
Distal *ʃ- *ɦu

Pronoun

Personal

    Singular Plural
Subject Object Subject Object
1st person Exclusive *ni ~ *mi *dsi ~ *zo / *gu *ʃi *ʃi
Inclusive - - *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe *ɬa ~ *ɬi ~ *ɬe
2nd person Masculine *χu ~ *bo *χu ~ *du *zu *zu
Feminine *nǝ ~ *mǝ *nǝ ~ *mǝ *su ~ *se ~ *so *su ~ *se ~ *so

Demonstrative

  Subject Object
Indeterminate *gǝ *tʰʃɨ
Proximal *ɦa *dǝ
Medial-proximal *ɦi *bǝ ~ *pǝ
Medial *ɦe *tʰǝ
Medial-distal *ɦo *lǝ
Distal *ɦu *zǝ

Interrogative

  Original Interrogative
Inanimate (What) *za *za-ɦi
Animate Non-human (Which) *kʰɨ *kʰɨ-ɦi
Human (Who) *nǝ *nǝ-ɦi

Sound correspondences with real languages

Consonants

Proto-Hispanic Iberian Basque
*ŋ ? n-/-0-/-n
*n ? n
*m ? m/n
*b ? b
*p ? p/b-
*pʰ ? p
*d ? d/t-
*t ? t
*tʰ ? t
*g ? g
*k ? k
*kʰ ? h/0
*dz ? z
*tz ? z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*tʰz ? z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*ds ? z
*ts ? tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*tʰs ? z/sU
*dʃ ? z
*tʃ ? tx-/tsU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*tʰʃ ? z-/sU-/-tz-/-tsU-
*z ? z
*s ? z
*ʃ ? s
*ɦ ? ɦ/h/0
*h ? h/0
*x ? g/h/0
*l ? l-/-ɾ-/-l
*ɫ ? l
*ɬ ? l-/-lh-/-rC-/-l
*ɾ ? ɾ
*r ? r
*ɹ ? ɾ/r?

Vowels

Proto-Hispanic Iberian Basque
*i ? i?
*ɨ ? i/u?
*u ? u?
*e ? e?
*ə ? e/o?
*o ? o?
*a ? a?

Thematic lexicon

Personal relations

Proto-Hispanic English meaning Spanish meaning Basque cognate Notes
*ɦa-ma mother madre ama -
*da-da-ɦi father padre aita -
*i=tʰsi/*e=tʰsi sister hermana an-hi=z-pa -
*u=tʰsi/*o=tʰsi brother hermano ? -
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