Valware - Telugu: Difference between revisions
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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | ||
! | ! | ||
! | |||
! labial | ! labial | ||
! dental | ! dental | ||
! alveolar | ! alveolar | ||
! palatal | ! palatal | ||
! glottal | ! glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2" | Nasals | ||
! voiceless | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| m /m/ ~ /ɱ/<sup>{{Color|red|1}}</sup><br>'''మ''' | |||
| n /n/<br>'''న''' | |||
| | | | ||
| ń /ŋ/<br>'''ఙ''' | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! voiceless | ! rowspan="2" | Stops | ||
! voiceless | |||
| | | | ||
| /t/<br>'''త''' | | t /t/<br>'''త''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| ʻ /ʔ/<br>'''క'''<sup>{{Color|red|2}}</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! voiced | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2" | Fricatives | ||
| / | ! voiceless | ||
| | | f /φ/<br>'''ఫ'''<sup>{{Color|red|3}}</sup> | ||
| | | | ||
| s /s/<br>'''స''' | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| / | | v /β/<br>'''భ'''<sup>{{Color|red|4}}</sup> | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="2" | Sonorants | ||
! voiceless | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| h /h/<br>'''హ''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| | | w /w/<br>'''వ'''<sup>{{Color|red|5}}</sup> | ||
| | | l /l/<br>'''ల''' | ||
| /l/<br>'''ల'''<br> | | r /ɾ/<br>'''ర'''<sup>{{Color|red|6}}</sup> | ||
| | | y /j/<br>'''య''' | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
*1. The voiceless palatal stop /k/ is | *{{Color|red|1}} /m/ becomes the [[Wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|labiodental]] /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|2}} The voiceless palatal stop /k/ is assigned the value /ʔ/. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|3}} The voiceless bilabial aspirated stop /pʰ/ is assigned the value /φ/. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|4}} The voiced bilabial aspirated stop /bʰ/ is assigned the value /β/. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|5}} The labiodental approximant /ʋ/ is assigned the value /w/. | ||
* | *{{Color|red|6}} The alveolar trill /r/ is assigned the value /ɾ/. | ||
*{{Color|red|7}} The [[Wikipedia:Virama|virama]] mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. It is used when a nasal is the coda, ''e.g.'', యన, '''yana''', lake; '''యన్ ల''', '''yanla''', child. | |||
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|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| /i/<br>'''ఇ''' | | i /i/<br>'''ఇ''' | ||
| | | | ||
| /u/<br>'''ఉ''' | | u/u/<br>'''ఉ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close Mid | ! Close Mid | ||
| /e/<br>'''ఎ''' | | e /e/<br>'''ఎ''' | ||
| | | | ||
| /o/<br>''' | | o /o/<br>'''కొ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| | | | ||
| /ä/<br>'''అ''' | | a /ä/<br>'''అ''' | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| /i/<br>'''కి''' | | i /i/<br>'''కి''' | ||
| | | | ||
| /u/<br>'''కు''' | | u /u/<br>'''కు''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close Mid | ! Close Mid | ||
| /e/<br>'''కె''' | | e /e/<br>'''కె''' | ||
| | | | ||
| /o/<br>'''కొ''' | | o /o/<br>'''కొ''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| | | | ||
| /ä/<br>'''క''' | | a /ä/<br>'''క''' | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:12, 5 March 2020
Pronunciation table
| Latin | a | v | e | i | y | l | m | n | ń | o | r | s | t | u | w | f | h | ʻ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | /a/ | /β/ | /e/ | /i/ | /j/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /o/ | /ɾ/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /w/ | /φ/ | /h/ | /Ɂ/ |
- The letters of the alphabet are arranged in a modified Cyrillic order.
Consonants
| labial | dental | alveolar | palatal | glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | voiceless | |||||
| voiced | m /m/ ~ /ɱ/1 మ |
n /n/ న |
ń /ŋ/ ఙ |
|||
| Stops | voiceless | t /t/ త |
ʻ /ʔ/ క2 | |||
| voiced | ||||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | f /φ/ ఫ3 |
s /s/ స |
|||
| voiced | v /β/ భ4 |
|||||
| Sonorants | voiceless | h /h/ హ | ||||
| voiced | w /w/ వ5 |
l /l/ ల |
r /ɾ/ ర6 |
y /j/ య |
Notes
- 1 /m/ becomes the labiodental /ɱ/ before the labiodentals /φ/ and /β/.
- 2 The voiceless palatal stop /k/ is assigned the value /ʔ/.
- 3 The voiceless bilabial aspirated stop /pʰ/ is assigned the value /φ/.
- 4 The voiced bilabial aspirated stop /bʰ/ is assigned the value /β/.
- 5 The labiodental approximant /ʋ/ is assigned the value /w/.
- 6 The alveolar trill /r/ is assigned the value /ɾ/.
- 7 The virama mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. It is used when a nasal is the coda, e.g., యన, yana, lake; యన్ ల, yanla, child.
Vowels
Independent form
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ ఇ |
u/u/ ఉ | |
| Close Mid | e /e/ ఎ |
o /o/ కొ | |
| Open | a /ä/ అ |
Diacritic form with <క>, <ʻ>
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ కి |
u /u/ కు | |
| Close Mid | e /e/ కె |
o /o/ కొ | |
| Open | a /ä/ క |
