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{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;
{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#0000CC" color="#FFFFFF" align="center" |<font color="#FFFFFF"><big>'''Language'''</big></font>
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#0000CC" color="#FFFFFF" align="center" |<font color="#FFFFFF"><big>'''Aθáta'''</big></font>
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|valign="top"|Spoken in:
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
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== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
=== Sound Changes ===
The ancestral phonology can be found [http://www.arvorec.net/adata/adata.htm#Phonology here].  Over the next several centuries, the following sound changes occurred:
# Original '''[h]''' was lost in all positions.
# '''[x]''' weakened to '''[h]''', which was then lost except in initial position.
# In words with initial stress, the rightmost non-initial long vowel attracted the stress, e.g. '''*Ádāta''' > '''*Adâta'''.
# Aspirated stops lenited to voiceless fricatives: '''[pⁿ tⁿ kⁿ]''' > '''[f θ x]'''.
# Voiced stops lenited to voiced fricatives (perhaps simultaneous with #4): '''[b d g]''' > '''[v ð ɣ]'''.
# Elision of unstressed vowels:
#* Medial unstressed short vowels were elided immediately following a vowel with primary or secondary stress, e.g. '''*dízaka''' > '''*ðíska''' "king".
#* In disyllabic words with final stress, the first vowel was elided if it is short and preceded by a consonant, e.g. '''kuthê''' > '''kθê''' "steal".
# Short and long vowel distinctions were lost in monophthongs.
# Short diphthongs were smoothed to long monophthongs: '''[ai ei oi au eu ou]''' > '''[ē ī ī ō ū ū]'''.
# Long diphthongs were shortened: '''[āi ēi ōi āu ēu ōu]''' > '''[ai ei oi au eu ou]'''.
# Word-final stops were aspirated and then merged with the corresponding fricatives, e.g. '''*mékat''' > '''mékaθ''' "brother".
# All fricatives came to be pronounced voiceless in initial and final positions, and voiced in medial position (except before a voiceless stop), leading to a formal merger of the voiced and voiceless fricatives.
# Palatalization changes:
#* Velars became palatals next to a front vowel: '''[k x ɣ]''' > '''[c ç ʝ]'''.
#* Dentals became postalveolars before unstressed '''[i]''': '''[t s z]''' > '''[tʃ ʃ ʒ]'''.
=== Phonemes ===
Allophones are marked in brackets.


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<div style="text-align: center;">


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|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| Glides || || || || || '''{{IPA|j}}'''
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| Glides || || || || || '''{{IPA|j}}'''
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|}
</div>


<br/>
<br/>
<div style="text-align: center;">


{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=1| Central ||colspan=2| Back
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| High || '''{{IPA|i}}''' || || || || '''{{IPA|u}}'''
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| High || '''{{IPA|i}}''' || '''{{IPA|ī}}''' || || || '''{{IPA|u}}''' || '''{{IPA|ū}}'''
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| Mid || || '''{{IPA|e}}''' || || '''{{IPA|o}}'''
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| Mid || '''{{IPA|e}}''' || '''{{IPA|ē}}''' || || || '''{{IPA|o}}''' || '''{{IPA|ō}}'''
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|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| Low || || || '''{{IPA|a}}'''
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 100%;"| Low || || || '''{{IPA|a}}''' || '''{{IPA|ā}}'''
|}
|}
</div>

Revision as of 16:40, 28 August 2006

Aθáta
Spoken in: Raθθán Highlands
Timeline/Universe: Arvorec
Total speakers: Unknown
Genealogical classification: Edastean

 Proto-Edak
   Aθáta

Basic word order: VSO/head-initial
Morphological type: Fusional
Morphosyntactic alignment: Nominative-accusative
Created by:
Rob Haden 2006-

Aθáta is a descendant of the earlier Adāta language developed by Dewrad. It was created for the "Derivation Relay" in August 2006. Currently, Aθáta is considered to have existed about 500 - 800 years after its parent tongue. While it maintains many ancestral features, there have also been significant changes in phonology, grammar, and lexicon.

Phonology

Sound Changes

The ancestral phonology can be found here. Over the next several centuries, the following sound changes occurred:

  1. Original [h] was lost in all positions.
  2. [x] weakened to [h], which was then lost except in initial position.
  3. In words with initial stress, the rightmost non-initial long vowel attracted the stress, e.g. *Ádāta > *Adâta.
  4. Aspirated stops lenited to voiceless fricatives: [pⁿ tⁿ kⁿ] > [f θ x].
  5. Voiced stops lenited to voiced fricatives (perhaps simultaneous with #4): [b d g] > [v ð ɣ].
  6. Elision of unstressed vowels:
    • Medial unstressed short vowels were elided immediately following a vowel with primary or secondary stress, e.g. *dízaka > *ðíska "king".
    • In disyllabic words with final stress, the first vowel was elided if it is short and preceded by a consonant, e.g. kuthê > kθê "steal".
  7. Short and long vowel distinctions were lost in monophthongs.
  8. Short diphthongs were smoothed to long monophthongs: [ai ei oi au eu ou] > [ē ī ī ō ū ū].
  9. Long diphthongs were shortened: [āi ēi ōi āu ēu ōu] > [ai ei oi au eu ou].
  10. Word-final stops were aspirated and then merged with the corresponding fricatives, e.g. *mékat > mékaθ "brother".
  11. All fricatives came to be pronounced voiceless in initial and final positions, and voiced in medial position (except before a voiceless stop), leading to a formal merger of the voiced and voiceless fricatives.
  12. Palatalization changes:
    • Velars became palatals next to a front vowel: [k x ɣ] > [c ç ʝ].
    • Dentals became postalveolars before unstressed [i]: [t s z] > [tʃ ʃ ʒ].

Phonemes

Allophones are marked in brackets.


Consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Postalv. Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosives p t [c] k
Fricatives f θ s ʃ [ç] x h
[v] [ð] [z] [ʒ] [ʝ] [ɣ]
Affricates tʃ
Nasals m n
Laterals l r
Glides j


Vowels
Front Central Back
High i ī u ū
Mid e ē o ō
Low a ā
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