Senjecas - but

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural	V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	COL = collective	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	CONV = conversive	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	Q = interrogative particle
	ADV = adverb	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation
	AG = agent	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	OCC = occupation suffix	RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	PP = patient (past) participle	SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	INC = inchoative	PRF = perfect	SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	ELT = elative	IND = indicative	PRV = privative prefix	VBLZ = verbalizer

Postposition

• 1. ša - without, apart from, except
• Everyone but Father left.
• vísu taata̋' ša e-vı̋da:

vis-u	taat-a̋-'	ša	e=vı̋d-a
everyone-N.s	father-G.s-ELIS	but	PST=leave-IND

Adverb

• 2. átu - merely, only, just
• It is but three miles to the inn.
• átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:

átu	tı̋r	t̨umre̋n-os	taƣ-de̋m-om	do	e̋s-a
but	three	mile-N.p	travel-building-A.s	to	be-IND

Conjunction

• 3. ši - except (for), excluding
• I had no choice but to leave.
• mu ne̋a őpam ši vı̋du e-űda:

m-u	ne̋a-Ø	őp-am	ši	vı̋d-u	e=űd-a
1s-N	no-ABS	choice-A.s	but	leave-SUP	PST=own-IND

• 4. de - on the contrary, but rather, whereas.
• I am not rich, but poor.
• mu ƣa̋va ne de pe̋e̋da:

m-u	ƣa̋v-a	ne	de	pe̋e̋d-a
1s-N	be.rich-IND	not	but	be.poor-IND

• 5. ésti - however, although, nevertheless
• She is very old but still beautiful.
• éȝu lábu że̋e̋ru ésti ódu gőbu vűűa:

éȝ-u	lábu	że̋e̋r-u	ésti	ódu	gőb-u	vűű-a
she-N.s	very	old-N.s	but	still	beautiful-N.s	be-IND

• 6. ši - except that
• I cannot but feel offended.
• mu fe̋e̋a ši de̋gaþu űta:

m-u	fe̋e̋-a	ši	de̋g-a-þ-u	űt-a
1s-N	be.unable-IND	but	offend-IND-PP-N.s	feel-IND

• 7. ši - without it being the case that, unless that
• It never rains but it pours.
• sűűm̃a néxum ši pőza:

sűűm̃-a	néxum	ši	pőz-a
rain-IND	never	but	pour-IND