Senjecas Tax. Aves

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Introduction

1. In the Sefdaanian cultures, each individual is a member of a hierarchy of communities. The Ethrans have used this hierarchy as a pattern for their classification of life forms.
2. The individual is, first of all, a member of one of the six Loquent Peoples. The largest of the taxonomic communities is that of the le̋uða [le̋uðu, people]. Thus, there are "animal people" and "plant people". This division corresponds to "kingdom" in modern taxonomy.
3. Next, the individual lives in one of the seven regions (watersheds) of Sefdaania. This division, the ta̋im̃a [ta̋im̃a, region], corresponds to "class" in modern taxonomy.
4. Within the several regions, the individual lives in a commune. This division, the kőina [kőino, commune, corresponds to "order" in modern taxonomy.
5. Each commune is comprised of a number of families. This division, the ða̋ma [ða̋mu, family], corresponds to "family" in modern taxonomy.
6. Within the family, the individual is usually one of several siblings. This division, the ȝőőra [ȝőőru, sibling], corresponds to "genus" in modern taxonomy.
7. And finally there is the individual himself. This division, the še̋ða [še̋ðu, individual], corresponds to "species" in modern taxonomy.

• Finer divisions can be made with the use of prefixes, e.g.:
  • uf-, higher = super-
  • ner-, under = sub-
  • sup-, low = infra-

• This table makes use of the following ranks:

Order (O) - kőina Suborder (sO) - nerkőina

Class (C) – ta̋im̃a

Superfamily (SF) - ufða̋ma

Family (F) - ða̋ma

Subfamily (sF) - nerða̋ma

Tribe (T) - sufða̋ma

Notes

1. Names in red are those of birds that did not exist in Sefdaania.
2. The numbers indicate the number of lemmata, not the number of species.

Taxonomic Table

===O. Struthioniformes -

• struthioniform, mézreesme̋ȝe [< me̋żi, great; re̋e̋sa, i.v. run; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Struthionidae -

001 kurűle, ostrich (†Struthio dmaniensis) [PBas *kur̄V(lo), crane > Viscayan kurrillo, crane]

O. Anseriformes – erpéðmeikőina

• anseriform, súƣpeðme̋ȝe [< sűgo, oar; pe̋do, foot; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Anatidae - kuuƣta̋im̃a

sF. Anserinae - kúúƣnerta̋im̃a

T. Cygnini - kuuƣða̋a̋ma

001 kűűge, giant swan (†Cygnus falconeri) [PAlt *kū̀gù, swan > Turkish koɣu, swan].

002 hőlve, mute swan (Cygnus olor) [PIE *g'holvj-, swan > ?].

cpd konhőlve, black swan (Chenopis atratus) [< koni, adj. black].

cpd konkűże, black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancoryphus) [< koni, adj. black; kűże, neck].

003 e̋lm̨̃e, whooper swan (Olor cygnus) [PIE *elwj-, swan > Latin olor, swan].

cpd m̃ese̋lm̨̃e, trumpeter swan (Olor buccinator) [< m̃e̋sa, west].

004 alve̋de, tundra swan (Olor bewickii) [PIE *Albhe(n)d-, swan > Lithuanian balañdi-s, dove].

cpd m̃ésalve̋de, whistling swan (Olor columbianus) [< m̃e̋sa, west].

cpd żoke̋lm̨̃e coscoroba swan (C. coscoroba) [< żóki, adv. almost].

T. Anserini - hánsĕða̋a̋ma

005 ga̋a̋re, taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis) [PAlt *gā̀ŕV, wild goose > Turkish kaz, goose].

006 k̨uȝı̋le, white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) [?].

007 ha̋nse, graylag goose (A. anser) [PIE *g'hans-, goose > English goose].

008 lűnte, red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis) [PUr *lunta, wild goose > Hungarian lűd, wild goose].

009 ka̋nge, snow goose (Chen caerulescens) [PEsk *kaŋ(r)u, polar goose > Yupik kaŋuq, snow goose].

sF. Tadorninae – ƣándĕnerta̋im̃a

010 ƣa̋nde common shelduck (T. tadorna) [PIE *ghand-, k. of waterfowl > English gannet].

011 þ̨a̋xe, ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea) [PAlt *t`i̯àk`à, duck > Old Japanese takabe, teal].

sF. Anatinae - nááþnerta̋im̃a

012 a̋a̋ibe, pintail duck (Anas acuta) [PAlt *ā̀jbi, k. of duck > Turkish ördek, duck].

013 take̋ste northern shoveler (Anas clypea) [?].

014 pǫ̋ȝe, garganey (Anas querquedula) [?].

015 na̋a̋te, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) [PIE *anët, duck > German Ente, duck].

016 ɠa̋le, Eurasian widgeon (Anas penelope) [PAlt *gi̯ằlá, duck > Japanese kári, goose].

sF. Aythyinae - báðnerta̋im̃a

017 ba̋de, tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) [PAlt bădo, k. of bird > Mongolian bödüne, quail].

018 ṡőðke, greater scaup (Aythya marila).

019 me̋ðge, common pochard (Aythya ferina) [PIE *medg-, pochard > English merganser].

sF. Merginae – ééþnerta̋im̃a

020 e̋e̋te, common eider (Somateria mollissima) [PIE *ēt-, k. of waterfowl > English eider].

021 anga̋te, common scoter (Melanitta nigra). [?].

022 m̃a̋iṡe, velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) [PUr *wajće, k. of duck > Estonian vais, scoter].

023 ta̋a̋re, merganser (Mergus merganser) [?].

024 sőðke, long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) [PUr *śoδka, k. of duck > Finnish sotka, any bird of the genus Aytha].

O. Galliformes - talpááþmeikőina

• galliform, tálpaaþme̋ȝe [< ta̋le, ground; pa̋a̋ta, i.v. feed; me̋ȝe, bird].

SF. Phasianoidea - reekínufta̋im̃a

F. Phasianidae - réékinta̋im̃a

sF. Coturnicinae - reekín̈erta̋im̃a

025 reekı̋ne, common quail (C. coturnix) [PIE *rakin-, quail > ?].

sF. Pavoninae – namílnerta̋im̃a

026 namı̋le, peafowl (Pavo cristatus) [PDrav *ńamil-, peacock > Tamil ñamali, peacock].

sF. Gallininae - káxnerta̋im̃a

027 ka̋ke, chicken (Gallus spp.) [?].

sF. Meleagridinae - ziɫníívnerta̋im̃a

cpd ziɫnı̋ı̋ve, turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) [< zı̋ɫo, wattle; nı̋ı̋bo, bill].

sF. Perdicinae - m̃ortóxnerta̋im̃a

028 m̃ortőke, Eastern grey partridge (P. perdix lucida) [PIE *wort-Vk-, quail > Sanskrit vartaka-, quail].

029 ka̋ure, chukar (Alectoris chukar) [PIE *kAur-, pheasant > Sanskrit cakőra-, chukar].

sF. Tetraoninae - réuvnerta̋im̃a

030 aka̋rƣe, willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) [?].

031 re̋ube, rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) [PIE *reub-, partridge > Danish rẏpe, rock ptarmigan].

032 ge̋rke, black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) [?].

033 tete̋rm̃e, capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) [PIE *teterw-, grouse >

    Danish tjur, capercaillie].

034 kopa̋le, Caucasian grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) [PUr *kopala, black hen > Finnish koppelo, capercaillie].

035 ere̋mbe, hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) [PIE *eremb-, hazel grouse > German Rebhuhn, hazel grouse].

sF. Phasianinae - kokóvnerta̋im̃a

036 kokőbe, Caucasus pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) PKart ? > Georgian xoxob-].

037 kűxre, Caucasus snowcock (Tetraogallus caucasicus) [?].

O. Podicipediformes - laavpéðmeikőina

• podicipediform, láávpeðme̋ȝe [< la̋a̋bo, lobe; pe̋do, foot; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Podicipedidae - nǫnta̋im̃a

038 nǫ̋ne, crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) [?].

039 kűȝe, horned grebe (Podiceps auritus) [PAlt *kúja, aquatic bird > Korean kǝwi, domestic goose].

O. Phoenicopteriformes - n̨oolfúnmeikőina

• phoenicopteriform, láávpeðme̋ȝe [< n̨őőli, adj. pink; fűno, feather me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Phoenicopteridae - n̨oolgéranta̋im̃a

cpd n̨óólgera̋ne greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) [< n̨őőli, adj. pink; gera̋ne, crane].

O. Columbiformes - voiðs̨úúþmeikőina

• columbiform, vóiðs̨uuþme̋ȝe [< vőido, crop; s̨űűþo, milk; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Columbidae - álunta̋im̃a

sF. Columbinae - alún̈erta̋im̃a

040 alűne, rock dove (Columba l. livia) [PIE *alǝun, dove > ?].

041 pelőnve, European wood pigeon (Columba p. palumbus) [PIE *plonv-, wood dove > English palomino].

042 kolőmbe, stock dove (Columba oenas) [PIE *kolomb-, pigeon > English columbine].

043 tűrte, turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) [PIE *turt-, turtledove > English turtledove].

cpd deeltűrte, collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) [< de̋e̋lo, collar].

O. Apodiformes - pinpéðm̃eikőina

• apodiform, pínpeðm̃e̋ȝe [< pı̋ni, adj. small; pe̋do, foot; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Apodidae – ƣelta̋im̃a

044 ƣe̋le, common swift (A. apus) [?].

F. Trochilidae - šérforta̋im̃a

cpd šerfőre, hummingbird (†Eurotrochilus inexpectatus) [< še̋ro, hum; főre, wing].

O. Cuculiformes - antóólm̃eikőina

• cuculiform, ántoolm̃e̋ȝe [< ani, adj. other; tőőla, i.v. lay an egg; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Cuculidae - koukta̋im̃a

045 kőuke, common cuckoo (Cuculus canrus) [PIE *kouk-, cuckoo > English cuckoo].

O. Gruiformes - m̃ááðm̃eikőina

• gruiform, m̃aaðm̃e̋ȝe [< m̃a̋a̋ða, t.v. wade; me̋ȝe, bird].

sO. Ralli - m̃aaðm̃éinerkőina

F. Rallidae - k̨ofta̋im̃a

046 velı̋ke, coot (Fulica atra) [PIE *volik, coot > Latin fulica, coot].

047 k̨őpe, water rail (Rallus aquaticus) [PAlt *ki̯òpù k. of aquatic bird > Japanese kuina, water rail].

048 þa̋re, corncrake (C. crex) [PAlt *t`ar; > Kirghiz tartar, corncrake].

sO. Grui - gerán̈erkőina

F. Gruidae - géranta̋im̃a

049 gera̋ne, common crane (G. grus) [PIE *geran-, crane > English crane].

050 nűƣne, demoiselle crane [Anthropoides virgo [PAlt *ńugńa, goose > Korean nǝ̄sä, bustard].

F. Otididae - kórkosta̋im̃a

051 korkőse, great bustard (Otis tarda) [PIE ?].

O. Gaviiformes - ðúúfm̃eikőina

• gaviiform, ðuufm̃e̋ȝe [< ðűűpa, i.v. wade; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Gaviidae - axta̋im̃a

053 tőxte, black-throated diver, Arctic loon (Gavia arctica) [PUr *tokta, k. of duck > Finnish tohtoja, black-throated loon].

054 a̋xe, common loon (Gavia immer ) [PAlt *ak`a-, k. of aquatic bird > Tung. *aKa, loon].

055 sűge, white-billed diver, yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) [PAlt *sugá, k. of waterbird > Japanese sági, heron].

056 k̨a̋me, red-throated loon (Gavia stellata) [?].

O. Sphenisciformes - šemfórm̃eikőina

• sphenisciform, šémform̃e̋ȝe [< še̋ma, i.v. swim; főro, wing; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Spheniscidae d̨aƣm̃e̋ȝe, penguin spp. [< d̨a̋ƣe, fish; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

O. Ciconiiformes - meznı̋ı̋vm̃eikőina

• ciconiiform, mézniivm̃e̋ȝe [< me̋żi, adj. great; nı̋ı̋bo, bill; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

F. Ciconiidae - sǫzta̋im̃a

057 sǫ̋że, white stork (C. ciconia) [PIE *sr̥ǵos > ?].

058 ṡikőőne, black stork (Ciconia nigra) [PIE *k'Vkōn-, yelling bird > Latin ciconia, stork].

O. Pelecaniformes - vĭnasȝámm̃eikőina

• pelecaniform, vĭnásȝamm̃e̋ȝe [< vĭ-, privative prefix; na̋so, nose; ȝa̋mo, hole; me̋ȝe, bird].

F. Ardeidae - rooðta̋im̃a

sF. Botaurinae - astérnerta̋im̃a

059 űűpe, little bittern (Ixobrychus m. minutus) [PIE ūp-, bittern > Old English ūf, owl].

060 aste̋re, Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris) [PIE *aster-, k. of bird > Old Greek αστερίας, B. stellaris].

sF. Ardeinae - róóðnerða̋ma

061 rőőde common heron (Ardea cinerea) [PIE *(e)rod-, heron > Latin ardea, heron].

062 lexle̋ke, black-crowned heron (N. nycticorax) [PAlt *ĺekleKV, k. of aquatic bird > Turkish leglek, stork].

F. Pelecanidae - karmĕta̋im̃a

063 ka̋rme, Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) [PAlt *karmo, k. of aquatic bird > Karakhanid qorday, pelican].

F. Threskiornithidae - ɫériinta̋im̃a

064 ɫerı̋ı̋ne, northern bald ibis (Geronticus eremita).

cpd keilnı̋ı̋be, common spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) [< keilo, spoon; nı̋ı̋bo, bill].

F. Sulidae - ƣandĕta̋im̃a

065 ƣa̋nde, Northern gannet (Morus bassanus) [PIE *ghand-, k. of waterfowl > English gannet].

F. Phalacrocoracidae - korkĕta̋im̃a

066 kőrke, great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) [PUr *korkV, k. of wild duck > Sami, goargga, puffin].

cpd suunkőrke, common shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) [< sűűno, crest].

O. Charadriiformes - k̨úðm̃eikőina

• chardriiform, k̨uðm̃e̋ȝe [< k̨udo, shore; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

sO. Scolopaci - k̨uðm̃éinerkőina

F. Scolopacidae - k̨urta̋im̃a

067 t̨ı̋te Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquatus) [?].

068 tı̋ṡe common snipe (G. gallinago).

069 k̨űre, Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) [?].

070 ṡűlṡe sanderling (Calidris alba) [?].

cpd reuðsı̋nge, spotted redshank (Tringa erythropus) [?].

070 le̋nge black-tailed godwit (L. limosa) [?].

sO. Lari - póinerkőina

F. Laridae - poita̋im̃a

071 me̋m̃e, mew, common gull (Larus canus) [PIE ? > English mew].

072 ka̋ȝe, herring gull (Larus argentatus) [?].

073 pőȝe, Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) [PUr *pOjV, k. of aquatic bird > Hungarian fú, k. of duck].

074 naƣűȝe, black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) [PEsk *ńaʁuja-, gull > Inupik naujaq, seagull].

sO. Charadrii - k̨uȝílnerkőina

F. Charadriidae - k̨úȝilta̋im̃a

075 k̨uȝı̋le, Eurasian golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria ) [PAlt *ki̯ujilV, k.of bird > Japanese *keri, plover].

076 nűƣne, Northern lapwing (V. vanellus) [PEsk ?].

F. Haematopodidae - voovta̋im̃a

077 vőőve, oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus).

F. Recurvirostridae - n̨óól̤axta̋im̃a

cpd n̨ool̤a̋ke, black-winged stilt (H. himantopus) [< n̨őőli, adj. pink; la̋ko, leg].

O. Falconiformes - ahgémm̃eikőina

• falconiform, áhgemm̃e̋ȝe [< a̋ha, day; gema, t.v. prey upon; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

F. Falconidae - árgifta̋im̃a

078 'ɠőixe, common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) [PAlt *gi̯ojk`u, ? > Old Turkish kekẏk, bird of prey].

drv ɠőixke lesser kestrel (Falso naumanni) [< -ke, diminutive suffix].

079 ṡa̋ske, Eurasian merlin (Falco aesalon) [?].

080 argı̋pe, gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) [?].

081 iþı̋ke Eurasian hobby (Falco subbuteo) [PAlt *it`VKV, k. of big bird > Mongolian itaɣu, falcon].

F. Pandionidae - gasta̋im̃a

082 ga̋se, osprey (Pandion haliaëtus) [PAlt *guči, eagle > Evenki gus, eagle].

F. Accipitridae - muirta̋im̃a

sF. Accipitrinae- gíðnerta̋im̃a

cpd osgı̋de, goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) [< őṡi, adj. fast; gı̋de, sparrowhawk].

083 gı̋de, sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) [PDrav *giḍ-, hawk, falcon > Telugu giḍḍu, hawk].

084 ara̋ne white-tailed eagle (Haliaëtus leucoryphus) [PBas *ar̄ano, eagle > Gipuzcoan arrano, eagle]

sF. Aegypiinae - híím̃nerta̋im̃a

085 hı̋ı̋m̃e European black vulture (Aegypius monachus) [PIE *g'hīw, vulture > ?].

086 ǧeltűre lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus) [PIE *gwltur-, vulture > English vulture].

087 ve̋e̋se, griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) [PIE *bhēs-, k. of bird of prey > Gk. φήνα, lammergeier].

088 ka̋ze, Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnapterus) [PDrav *kaẓ-, vulture > Tamil kaẓu, Egyptian vulture].

sF. Buteoninae - ǧúúþnerta̋im̃a

089 ǧűűte, common buzzard (B. buteo) [PIE *gʷūt-, k. of bird of prey > Latin būteō, hawk or falcon].

090 ke̋e̋rde, white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeëtus albicilla) [PAlt *kḗrdu > Turkish kartal, falcon].

091 k̨űne, larger fish erne (†Haliaeëtus grandior) [?].

092 þűbe, imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) [PAlt *t`úbé

  k. of bird of prey > Korean doksuri, eagle].

093 műire, golden eagle (Aquila chrysaëtos) [PAlt *mujre, bird of prey > Korean mae, falcon].

094 ṡ̨e̋ine, steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis) [PIE *tk'yein-, k. of bird of prey > Sanskrit śyená-, hawk, falcon, eagle].

095 gűṡe, spotted eagle (C. clanga) [PAlt *guči, eagle > Turkish güçen, eagle].

096 þ̨e̋ine, lesser spotted eagle (Clanga pomarina) [PIE *tk'yein-, bird of prey > Old Greek iktī̂nos, chicken hawk].

sF. Milvinae - mélgŭnerta̋im̃a

097 me̋lǧe red kite (M. milvus) [PIE *melgʷ-, k. of bird > Latin mīlvus, kite].

098 parűnde, black kite (Milvus m. migrans) [PDrav *par(u)nd-, bird of prey > Tamil paruntu, kite].

O. Strigiformes - laaþgémm̃eikőina

• strigiform, lááþgemm̃e̋ȝe [< la̋a̋ta, night; ge̋ma, t.v. prey upon; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

F. Strigidae - ṡam̃ta̋im̃a

099 pa̋a̋ike, Ural owl (Strix uralensis) [PAlt *pā̀jkù, ? > Turkish baykuş, owl].

100 kukűbe, great gray owl (Strix nebulosa ) [PIE *kVkVb-, owl > Latin cucubiō, hoot].

101 ulűle, long-eared owl (Asio otus) [PIE *ulul-, owl > Latin ulula, owl].

102 űűm̃e, short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) [PIE *ūw-, owl > English owl].

103 ṡa̋m̃e, Eurasian eagle owl (B. bubo).

cpd tom̃ṡa̋m̃e, snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) [< tom̃o, snow; ṡa̋m̃e, owl].

drv ṡa̋m̃ke, little owl (Athene noctua) [< -ke, diminutive suffix].

104 űge, pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) [PAlt *uge, owl > Turkish öjẏ, owl].

105 ȝı̋pe, Scops owl (Otus scops) [PUr *jipV, owl > Finnish hyypiä, eagle owl].

106 kahe̋ke, northern hawk owl (Surnia ulula) [PBas kaheka, owl > Low Navarrese kaheka, owl].

F. Tytonidae - tuþta̋im̃a

107 tűþe, barn owl (Tyto alba) [PIE*tū̆th-, owl > English, Tytonidae].

O. Coraciiformes – téér̈ĕm̃eikőina

• coraciiform, teer̈ĕm̃e̋ȝe [< te̋e̋r̈i, adj. colorful; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

sO. Alcedini - téér̈ĕm̃eikőina

F. Alcedinidae – ṡéérolta̋im̃a

108 ṡeerőle, European kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) [PIE *k'ērol-", kingfisher > ?].

F. Coraciidae - ṡúsneuvlĕta̋im̃a

cpd ṡusne̋uvle, European roller (Coracias garrulus) [< ṡuṡa, t.v. whirl; ne̋uva, t.v. court].

F. Upupidae - ópofta̋im̃a

109 opőpe, hoopoe (Upupa epops) [PIE *epop-, hoopoe > English hoopoe].

F. Meropidae - vííżefta̋im̃a

cpd viiże̋fe, bee-eater (Merops apiaster) [< vı̋ı̋e, bee; że̋fa, i.v. eat [of animals]].

O. Piciformes - haisrénm̃eikőina

• piciform, háisrenm̃e̋ȝe [< ha̋isi, tree; re̋na, t.v. climb; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

F. Picidae - piixta̋im̃a

sF. Piciinae - pííxnerta̋im̃a

T. Dendropicini - láspiixða̋ma

cpd laspı̋ı̋ke spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) [< la̋ṡi, adj. speckled; pı̋ı̋ke, woodpecker].

T. Picini - piixða̋ma

110 pı̋ı̋ke, green woodpecker (Picus viridis) [PIE *(s)pīk(ʷ)-, motley bird > German Specht, woodpecker].

O. Passeriformes - vááxm̃eikőina

• passeriform, vaaxm̃e̋ȝe [< va̋a̋xa, i.v. perch; m̃e̋ȝe, bird].

sO. Passeri - vaaxm̃éinerkőina

SF. Corvoidea - m̃elágufta̋im̃a

F. Oriolidae - m̃élaƣta̋im̃a

111 m̃ela̋ge, golden oriole (O. oriolus) [PIE *welA(n)g-, oriole > English whitwall].

F. Corvidae - ðeekta̋im̃a

112 ṡe̋ihe, Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) [PIE *k'eig'h- , k. of motley bird > German Häher, jay].

113 kőxse, spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) [PIE ?].

114 m̃esa̋a̋ke, European magpie (P. pica) [PIE ?].

115 ga̋a̋m̃e, carrion crow (Corvus corone) [PIE *gā̆w-, crow > Latin gāvia, gull].

116 e̋e̋rne, rook (Corvus frugilegus) [PIE ?].

117 kőrm̃e, raven (Corvus corax) [PIE *korw-, k. of bird > Latin corvus, raven].

118 m̃őrne, hooded crow (Corvus cornix) [PIE *worn-, crow > Lithuanian várna, crow].

119 ðe̋e̋ke, jackdaw (Corvus monedula) [PIE *dhēk-, daw > English daw].

120 za̋ṡ̬e, Alpine chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus) [PKar *zašw-, blackbird > Georgian šašv-, blackbird].

121 x̌őre, Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus) [PIE *k'woro-, crow > Latin cornīx, crow].

F. Regulidae - m̃erbĕta̋im̃a

122 m̃e̋rbe, goldcrest (R. regulus) [PIE *werb-, sparrow > Lithuanian žvìrbli-s, sparrow].

SF. Sylvioidea - ṡífufta̋im̃a

F. Sylviidae - ṡifta̋im̃a

123 ṡı̋fe, Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapillus) [PAlt *č`ĭ̀p`(ú), sm. bird > Korean jebi, swallow].

F. Alaudidae - ƥóltorta̋im̃a

124 pa̋ine, crested lark (Galerida cristata) [PIE *(s)pAin-, k. of small bird > Greek σπίνος, finch].

125 ƥoltőre, Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis) [PAlt *pi̯ŏ́ltorV, ? > Turkish bıldırcın, quail].

126 f̨a̋lbe, woodlark (Lullula arborea) [PAlt *p`i̯àlbí, ? > Japanese hìbari, skylark].

F. Hirundinidae – ƣelta̋im̃a

127 ƣe̋le, barn swallow (Hirundo r. rustica) [PIE *ghel-, swallow > Latin hirundo, swallow].

128 ša̋lm̃e, house martin (Delichon urbicum) [PIE *swAlw-, swallow > German Schwalbe, swallow].

129 ǫ̋ṡe, red-rumped swallow (Cecropis daurica) [PKar *rć̣ix-, chirrup > Georgian me-rcx-al-, swallow].

F. Acrocephalidae - elta̋im̃a

130 e̋le, Eurasian reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaeceus) [PIE *el-, k. of bird > Old Greek έλεια, reed warbler].

SF. Certhioidea - f̨ápufta̋im̃a

F. Sittidae - f̨apta̋im̃a

131 f̨a̋pe, Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europea) [PAlt *p(`)i̯api, k. of small bird > Evenki hiwi, k. of sparrow].

SF. Muscicapoidea - moxlávufta̋im̃a

F. Muscicapidae - móxlafta̋im̃a

sF. Muscicapinae - moxláfnerta̋im̃a

cpd moxla̋ve, spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) [< mőke, fly; la̋va, t.v. catch].

sF. Saxicolinae - ám̃eeðta̋im̃a

132 am̃e̋e̋de, nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) [?].

cpd ǫn̨a̋le, European robin (Erithacus rubecula).

F. Turdidae - mésolta̋im̃a

133 kőfse, blackbird (Turdus merula) [PIE *kops-, blackbird > Old Greek κόψιχος, blackbird].

134 mesőle, song thrush (Turdus philomelos) [PIE *(A)mes-, blackbird > English merle].

135 ṡűge, mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus) [PAlt ?].

F. Sturnidae - ternĕta̋im̃a

136 te̋rne, European starling (Sturnus v. vulgaris) [PIE *(s)tern-, starling > English starling].

SF. Passeroidea- párm̃ufta̋im̃a

F. Passeridae - parm̃ĕta̋im̃a

137 pa̋rm̃e house sparrow (Passer domesticus) [PIE *(s)par(w)-, sparrow > English sparrow].

138 pe̋rge, Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) [PIE *(s)perg-, sparrow > German Sperling, sparrow].

cpd tom̃pa̋rm̃e, snow finch (Montifringilla nivalis) [< tom̃o, snow; pa̋rm̃e, sparrow].

F. Motacillidae - keilta̋im̃a

139 ke̋ile, blue-headed wagtail (Motacilla a. alba) [> PIE *keyǝl-, wagtail > Lithuanian kielė, wagtail].

140 moota̋ke, white wagtail (Motacilla f. flava) [> PIE *mō̆tak(')-, k. of small bird > Latin mōtacilla, white wagtail].

F. Fringillidae - fingĕta̋im̃a

sF. Fringillinae - fíngĕnerta̋im̃a

141 fı̋nge, chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) [PIE *phing-, finch > English finch].

142 n̨a̋nge, Eurasian bullfinch (P. pyrrhula) [PAlt *ńanŋa, k. of small bird > Mongolian ǯana, bullfinch].

143 ƥa̋lbe, rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) [PAlt *ƥalbe, k. of small bird > ?].

sF. Carduelinae - ƥa̋fnerta̋im̃a

144 ƥa̋pe, Eurasian siskin (Carduelis spinus) [?].

cpd luskĕsfı̋nge, European goldfinch (C. carduelis) [< lűsko, mask; fı̋nge, finch].

F. Emberizidae – ṡeiƣta̋im̃a

145 ṡe̋iƣe, yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) [?].

146 ṡı̋ṡe, Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) [PUr *čičä, small bird > Sami, cicce, longspur].

147 lı̋nte, snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) [?].

SF. Paroidea - ṡǫ́nufta̋im̃a

F. Paridae - ṡǫnta̋im̃a

148 ṡǫ̋ne', great tit (Parus major) [PUr *ćOńV, titmouse > Mari cuńa, titmouse].

cpd ȝasṡǫ̋ne, willow tit (Poecile montanus) [< ȝa̋ṡo, pine forest; ṡǫ̋ne, great tit].

cpd kooxṡǫ̋ne, Eurasian blue tit (Poecile montanus) [< kőőxi, blue; ṡǫ̋ne, great tit].