Siye Dialects

None of the dialects participate in the recent (2246) voicing changes of Standard Siye

Siye (Susu)

The dialect of Siye dismissively known as Susu has as its principal feature the collapse of the affricates into the fricatives. This creates surprisingly few problems, so much so that some broad-minded Simayamka consider Susu 'barely a dialect' (a compliment). The main grammatical feature of Susu is the replacement of the directional suffix /tu/ [su], now homophonous with the directional suffix /su/ [su], with /sa/ [sa].

Examples	Meaning	Standard Spelling	Standard Pronunciation	Susu Pronunciation
	fortress	/kilu/	[ʧʰi.lu]	[ʃi.lu]
	hudzu-priest	/kutum/	[xu.dzʊⁿ]	[xu.sʊⁿ]
	wisemen	/pimuyamka/	[tçʰi.mu.jæⁿ.ka]	[çi.mu.jæⁿ.ka]

Cases	Case Number	Case Suffix	Notes
Nominative	1, 1a	-0
Absolutive	1, 1b	-0
Accusative	2	-a, -ha, -0
Ergative	3	-ya, -na
Genitive	4	-ne, (etym.) -e
Possessive	5	-me
Ablative	6	-sum
Locative	7	-kem
Allative-Dative	8	-su	from Siye -su, -tu
Instrumental	10	-ʃi	from Siye -ki
Comitative	13	-ni
Adverbial	11	-ku
Equative	12	-pu
Animate Instrumental	14	-neʃi
Elative	15	-nemsum
Inessive	16	-nemʃim
Illative	17	-nemsu
Abessive	18	-neto
Causal	19	-neya

General Directionals	Abbreviation	Meaning	Notes
-[ʃi]-	DIR.STAT	in place
-[na]-	DIR.SUPER	up
-[nu]-	DIR.SUB	down
-[su]-	DIR.ABL	away from
-[sa]-	DIR.ALL	towards	Replaces -[su]- from Siye -[tsu]-

Siye (Tsishi)

The Tsishi dialect features the coalescence of the high vowels and the creation of new phonemes from allophones.

Examples	Meaning	Standard Spelling	Standard Pronunciation	Tsishi Pronunciation
	town, city	/lusili/	[lu.ʃi.li]	[li.ʃi.ʎi]
	lustful(ly)	/omnuni/	[ɔⁿ.nu.ni]	[ɔⁿ.nu.ɲi]

Cases	Case Number	Case Suffix	Notes
Nominative	1, 1a	-0
Absolutive	1, 1b	-0
Accusative	2	-[a], -0	from Tide -ŋa
Ergative	3	-[ja], -[na]	from Tide -ɲa, Thide -sa
Genitive	4	-[ne]	from Tide -ŋë, Thide -kë
Possessive	5	-[me]	possibly from Tide definite pronoun /me/, Thide /me/
Ablative	6	-[sɪⁿ]	from Siye -sum
Locative	7	-[kɛⁿ]	from Tide -këŋ
Allative-Dative	8	-[si]	from Siye -su
Dative-Benefactive	9	-[tsu]	from Siye -tu
Instrumental	10	-[tʃi]	from Siye -ki
Comitative	13	-[ɲi]	from Siye -ni
Adverbial	11	-[xi]	from Siye -ku
Equative	12	-[ɸi]	from Siye -pu
Animate Instrumental	14	-[netʃi]	from Siye -ne + eki, instrumental postposition from instrumental case of inanimate pronoun 'e'
Elative	15	-[nɛⁿsɪⁿ]	from Siye -ne + emsum, analogical ablative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Inessive	16	-[nɛⁿʃɪⁿ]	from Siye -ne + emkim, analogical locative of emtu 'inner' from emtu 'innards'
Illative	17	-[nɛⁿsi]	from Siye -ne + emtu, locative postposition 'inner' from emtu "innards"
Abessive	18	-[neto]	from Siye -ne + to "without", from Thide tʰo "absence"

General Directionals	Abbreviation	Meaning	Notes
-[tʃi]-	DIR.STAT	in place
-[na]-	DIR.SUPER	up
-[ni]-	DIR.SUB	down
-[si]-	DIR.ABL	away from
-[tsi]-	DIR.ALL	towards

Changes in Tsishi

Recent (2250) changes in the Tsishi dialect have produced geminate consonants and closed oral syllables.

ʧ > ʃʃ [-ʃʃi] INS vs [-ʃi] INCL

ʦ > ss [-ssi] DAT vs [-si] ALL vs [-s◌̃ɪ] ABL

ʎ > ll [ʃilli] 'house', [ʧili] 'fort' [liʃillisi] 'to the town'

ɲ > nn [-nni] COM [-ni] DIR.SUB

Siye (Tsushi)

Tsushi is a newly (2250) recorded dialect or sub-dialect of Tsishi. Hypercorrection of the consonants preceding Tsishi i < u, i has resulted in:

[xi] for /ki/ [tʃi]

[ɸi] for initial /pi/ [tç]

[ʃu] for non-initial /pu/ [ɸu]

[si] for /si/ [ʃi]

Ye

Ye has two variations, Rural and Urban.

Cases	Case Number	Case Suffix	Notes
Nominative-Absolutive	1, 1a	-0
Accusative	2	-[ɔ]
Ergative	3	-[nɔ]
Vocative	20	-[i]
Genitive	4	-[ne]
Possessive	5	-[me]
Ablative	6	-[◌̃ɛ], -0
Locative	7	-[k◌̃æ]
Allative-Dative	(8) 9	-[θi]
Instrumental	10	-[xi]
Comitative	13	-[ni]
Elative	15	-[k◌̃ɛ]	LOC + ABL
Inessive	16	-[k◌̃æxi]	LOC + LOC
Illative	17	-[k◌̃æθi]	LOC + ALL
Abessive	18	-[nito]	COM + to

General Directionals	Abbreviation	Meaning	Notes
-[xi]-	DIR.STAT	in place
-[nɔ]-	DIR.SUPER	up
-[ni]-	DIR.SUB	down	Older [ny]
-[i]-, -[0]-	DIR.ABL	away from	Older [y], [hy]; Ye absence of Directional implies DIR.ABL
-[θi]-	DIR.ALL	towards	Older [θy]

PAM Suffixes	Abbreviation	Aspect	Polarity	Mood	Notes	Early Siye
-[mɔ]-	IPFV.POS.RLS (PAM1, P1)	Imperfective	Positive	Realis		-mea-
-[nɔ]-	PFV.POS.RLS (PAM2, P2)	Perfective	Positive	Realis		-nea-
-[me]-	IPFV.POS.IRLS (PAM3, P3)	Imperfective	Positive	Irrealis		-me-
-[ne]-	PFV.POS.RLS (PAM4, P4)	Perfective	Positive	Irrealis		-ne-
-[mɔ:]-	IPFV.POS.RLS (PAM5, P5)	Imperfective	Negative	Realis		-meau-
-[nɔ:]-	PFV.POS.RLS (PAM6, P6)	Perfective	Negative	Realis		-neau-
-[me:]-	IPFV.POS.IRLS (PAM7, P7)	Imperfective	Negative	Irrealis	Subjunctive	-meu-
-[ne:]-	PFV.POS.IRLS (PAM8, P8)	Perfective	Negative	Irrealis	Contrafactual	-neu-

1. The fricatives coalesce into h: s, ɸ, ʃ , x > h.

2. The affricates become fricatives: tʃ, ts, tç > ʃ, s, ç

3. The Great Ye Vowel Shift; ɛⁿ > æⁿ, ɑ > ɔ, æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ, Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ, ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ, u > y, ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ

4. The semi-vowels and h disappear, precipitating a round of vowel dominance contraction: h, w, j > 0

5. The remaining fricatives increase distance from one another: ʃ, s, ç > x, θ, s

6. y > i

Examples	Meaning	Standard Spelling	Standard Pronunciation	Susu Pronunciation
	fortress	/kilu/	[ʧʰi.lu]	[ʃi.lu]

/kiwa/ 'red' Standard [ʧʰi.ʋɑ], Rural Ye [xɔ:]

/eleyemputsuma/, Standard [e.le.jɛⁿ.ɸu.tsu.mɑ], Rural Ye [e.lɛⁿ:.ʔy.θy.mɔ]

/kilusu/ 'towards the fortress' Standard [ʧʰi.lu.su]

/kamsutu/ 'cloak', Standard [kæⁿ.su.tsu]

/pitake/ 'beast', Standard [tçʰi.tɑ.ke], Rural Ye [si.tɔ.ke]

ɛⁿ > æⁿ /-kem/ loc., Standard [gɛⁿ], Rural Ye [gæⁿ]

ɑ > ɔ /pala/ 'what?', Standard/Urban Ye [pɑ.lɑ], Rural Ye [pɔ.lɔ]

æⁿ > ɪɘⁿ Mostly found in local words of pre-Siye origin - Rural Ye /ansa/ 'Martian duck' [ɪɘⁿ.sjɘⁿ]

Cæⁿ > Cjɘⁿ /kamsutu/ 'cloak', Standard [kæⁿ.su.tsu], Rural Ye [kʰjɘⁿ.y.θy]

ɔⁿ > ɒⁿ /omnum/ 'ecstasy', Standard [ɔⁿ.nʌⁿ], Rural Ye [ɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]

u > y /kilu/ 'towards the fortress', Standard [ʧʰi.lu.su], Rural Ye [xi.ly:]

ʌⁿ > ɛⁿ /omnum/ 'ecstasy', Standard [ɔⁿ.nʌⁿ], Rural Ye [ɒⁿ.nɛⁿ]

y > i