Senjecas - Qingming, Vietnamese

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural	V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	CONV = conversive	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	Q = interrogative particle
	ADV = adverb	DES = desiderative	FRQ = frequentative	M = masculine	QUOT = direct quotation
	AG = agent	DIM = diminutive	FUT = future	OCC = occupation suffix	RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	ELIS = elision	IMP = imperative	PP = patient (past) participle	SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	EP = epenthesis	INC = inchoative	PRF = perfect	SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)		ELT = elative	IND = indicative	PRV = privative prefix

Text

Qing Ming (Vietnamese)

• Swift swallows and spring days were shuttling by;
• őőṡe ƣe̋lesk̬e kesa̋hask̬e pórk̬e púk̬' e-műla:

őőṡe-Ø	ƣe̋l-es=k̬e	kes-a̋h-as=k̬e	pór=k̬e	pú=k̬e	e=műl-a
swift-ABS	swallow-N.p=and	spring-day-G.p=and	forth=and	back=and	PST=pass.by-IND

• Of ninety radiant ones three score had fled.
• nűmfoos heera̋m sa̋a̋dfoos e-őőda:

nűm-foos	heer-a̋m	sa̋a̋d-foos	e=őőd-a
nine-tens	radiant-G.p	six-tens	PST=(PRF)flee-IND

• Young grass spread all its green to heaven's rim.
• be̋ki a̋ibi numős tűbom do őro eȝi-ða̋lom e-ża̋a̋da:

be̋ki-Ø	a̋ib-i	num-ős	tűb-om	do	őro-Ø	eȝi=ða̋l-om	e=ża̋a̋d-a
young-ABS	grass-N.s	heaven-G.s	rim-A.s	to	all-ABS	its=green-A.s	PST-spread-IND

• Some blossoms marked pear branches with white dots.
• tı̋ı̋ðo na̋nos pa̋ȝo botőm kía k̨ortemı̋m ża̋von e-tűsa:

tı̋ı̋ðo-Ø	na̋n-os	pa̋ȝo-Ø	bot-őm	kía	k̨ortem-ı̋m	ża̋v-on	e=tűs-a
some-ABS	blossom-N.p	white-ABS	dot-G.p	with	pear.tree-G.p	branches-A.p	PST=mark-IND

• Now came the Feast of Light in the third month
• f̨oþő' sa̋rno ímu tı̋rta f̨aga̋s e-ǧe̋ma:

f̨oþ-ő-'	sa̋rn-o	ímu	tı̋rta-Ø	f̨ag-a̋s	e=ǧe̋m-a
light-G.s-ELIS	festival-N.s	now	third-ABS	month-G.s	PST=come-IND

• With graveyard rites and junkets on the green.
• ðoovdarős oorőmk̬e dorvős éna sevtaƣőmk̬e éta:

ðoovdar-ős	oor-őm=k̬e	dorv-ős	éna	sevtaƣ-őm=k̬e	éta
graveyard-G.s	rite-G.p=and	green-G.s	on	junket-G.p=and	with

• As merry pilgrims flocked from near and far,
• méti me̋udu soorta̋ƣlus ȝőbomk̬e þı̋fomk̬e ápa e-műþa.

méti	me̋udu-Ø	soorta̋ƣl-us	ȝőb-om=k̬e	þı̋f-om=k̬e	ápa	e=műþ-a
as	merry-ABS	pilgrim-N.p	near-A.s=and	far-A.s=and	from	PST=gather-IND

• The sisters and their brother went for a stroll.
• še̋susk̬e eȝu-ża̋muk̬e dénvi e-ne̋da⁝

še̋s-us=k̬-'	eȝu=ża̋m-u=k̬e	dén-vi	e=ne̋d-a
sister-N.p=and-ELIS	their=brother-N.s=and	leisure-ADV	PST=walk-IND