Continental English: Difference between revisions

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{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;
{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font>
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Language'''</big></font>
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
||(country)
||Unknown (Europe)
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:
|valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:
||(universe)
||N/A
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
||(number of speakers)
||1000-3000
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
||Family<br>
||Indo-European<br>
&nbsp;Branch<br>
&nbsp;Germanic<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Subbranch<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;West Germanic<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Language'''
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Continental English'''
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Basic word order:
|valign="top"|Basic word order:
||
||SVO
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Morphological type:
|valign="top"|Morphological type:
||
||Isolating/Inflecting
|-
|valign="top"|Morphosyntactic alignment:
||
|-
|-
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font>
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" color="#000000" align="center" |<font color="#000000"><big>'''Created by:'''</big></font>
|-
|-
||author ||date
||[[Jashan]] ||2005
|}
|}


Describe your language here
Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] (aka Valeska Scholl).  It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period.  
Continental English was a conlang sketch by [[Jashan|Jashan A'al]] (aka Valeska Scholl).  It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period.  


===Phonology / Orthography===
===Phonology / Orthography===
The phonology of the language has been lost.  Some reconstruction may be possible from surviving samples.
===Noun Morphology===
Case has been lost for nouns except for genitive (-es). Pronouns retain nominative, accusative/dative (object case), and genitive. Plurals are formed by addition of -s/-es, as in modern English. The "-en" endings (ox, oxen; child, children) have been lost, but irregular
plurals (foot, feet) remain.
The personal pronouns '''y''' ("I") and '''thu''' ("you", sg.), for example:
'''Y''' ("I")
{|border=1
|-
|valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''
|-
|valign="top"|Nom.||y {{IPA|[i]}}||we {{IPA|[wɛ]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Obj.||me {{IPA|[mɛ]}}||us {{IPA|[ʌs]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Gen.||myn {{IPA|[min]}}||ur {{IPA|[ʌr]}}
|}
'''Thu''' ("you, thou")
{|border=1
|-
|valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''
|-
|valign="top"|Nom.||thu {{IPA|[θʌ]}}||ye {{IPA|[jɛ]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Obj.||the {{IPA|[θɛ]}}||yeu {{IPA|[jɛʌ]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Gen.||thyn{{IPA|[θin]}}||yeur {{IPA|[jɛʌr]}}
|}
'''Example Noun Declension:'''
'''nam''' ("name")
{|border=1
|-
|valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''
|-
|valign="top"|Nom.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Obj.||nam {{IPA|[nam]}}||names{{IPA|[naməs]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Gen.||names {{IPA|[naməs]}}||nameses {{IPA|[namzəs]}}
|}
'''stawn''' ("stone")
{|border=1
|-
|valign="top"|''Case''||''Sg.''||''Pl.''
|-
|valign="top"|Nom.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones {{IPA|[stonəs]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Obj.||stawn {{IPA|[stɔn]}}||stones{{IPA|[stonəs]}}
|-
|valign="top"|Gen.||stawnes {{IPA|[stɔnəs]}}||stoneses {{IPA|[stonzəs]}}
|}
===Verb Morphology===
Continental English retains at least five classes of strong verbs, with the following
patterns. While many verbs weakened over time, some weak verbs also became strong by analogy.  The chart below shows the vowel gradation for the strong verbs:
{|border=1
|-
|valign="top"|'''Verb Class'''||'''Present'''||'''Past'''||'''Past Participle'''
|-
|valign="top"|''I''||y||aw||i
|-
|valign="top"|''II''||i||æ||u
|-
|valign="top"|''III''||e||æ||o
|-
|valign="top"|''IV''||e||æ||e
|-
|valign="top"|''V''||''exact rule unknown''
|}
'''Examples:'''
I: shyn > shawn > shin ("shine")
II: fris > fræs > frus ("freeze")
III: stel > stæl > stol ("steal")
IV: sprec > spræc > sprec ("speak")
===Sample Passage===
'''Chauser''' ''(original)''
The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen,<br>
That was the kyng Priamus sone of Troye,<br>
In lovynge, how his aventures fellen<br>
Fro wo to wele, and after out of joie.<br>
'''Chawser''' ''(Continental English)''


The phonology of the language has been lost. The following is reconstructed from surviving samples:
The tyuwfald car of Troyilus tu tel,<br>
Thæt wæs the cyng Priyamus of Troy his sun<br>
On lufyng, hu his hap fyaled<br>
Ut wawf tu wel, ond æfter ut frawm glædnes.

Revision as of 04:28, 22 July 2006

Language
Spoken in: Unknown (Europe)
Timeline/Universe: N/A
Total speakers: 1000-3000
Genealogical classification: Indo-European

 Germanic
  West Germanic
   Continental English

Basic word order: SVO
Morphological type: Isolating/Inflecting
Created by:
Jashan 2005

Continental English was a conlang sketch by Jashan A'al (aka Valeska Scholl). It was designed as a form of english which diverged from standard Modern English around the 1300-1400 CE time period.


Phonology / Orthography

The phonology of the language has been lost. Some reconstruction may be possible from surviving samples.


Noun Morphology

Case has been lost for nouns except for genitive (-es). Pronouns retain nominative, accusative/dative (object case), and genitive. Plurals are formed by addition of -s/-es, as in modern English. The "-en" endings (ox, oxen; child, children) have been lost, but irregular plurals (foot, feet) remain.

The personal pronouns y ("I") and thu ("you", sg.), for example:

Y ("I")

Case Sg. Pl.
Nom. y [i] we [wɛ]
Obj. me [mɛ] us [ʌs]
Gen. myn [min] ur [ʌr]


Thu ("you, thou")

Case Sg. Pl.
Nom. thu [θʌ] ye [jɛ]
Obj. the [θɛ] yeu [jɛʌ]
Gen. thyn[θin] yeur [jɛʌr]


Example Noun Declension:

nam ("name")

Case Sg. Pl.
Nom. nam [nam] names [naməs]
Obj. nam [nam] names[naməs]
Gen. names [naməs] nameses [namzəs]

stawn ("stone")

Case Sg. Pl.
Nom. stawn [stɔn] stones [stonəs]
Obj. stawn [stɔn] stones[stonəs]
Gen. stawnes [stɔnəs] stoneses [stonzəs]


Verb Morphology

Continental English retains at least five classes of strong verbs, with the following patterns. While many verbs weakened over time, some weak verbs also became strong by analogy. The chart below shows the vowel gradation for the strong verbs:

Verb Class Present Past Past Participle
I y aw i
II i æ u
III e æ o
IV e æ e
V exact rule unknown


Examples:

I: shyn > shawn > shin ("shine")

II: fris > fræs > frus ("freeze")

III: stel > stæl > stol ("steal")

IV: sprec > spræc > sprec ("speak")


Sample Passage

Chauser (original)

The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen,
That was the kyng Priamus sone of Troye,
In lovynge, how his aventures fellen
Fro wo to wele, and after out of joie.


Chawser (Continental English)

The tyuwfald car of Troyilus tu tel,
Thæt wæs the cyng Priyamus of Troy his sun
On lufyng, hu his hap fyaled
Ut wawf tu wel, ond æfter ut frawm glædnes.

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