Béu : Chapter 9 : Word Building: Difference between revisions
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=== ... Book ... -LI=== | === ... Book .... -LI=== | ||
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=== ... Shop ... -FU=== | === ... Shop .... -FU=== | ||
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=== ... Fish ... -SAI=== | === ... Fish ..... -SAI=== | ||
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=== ... Leaf ... -PAI=== | === ... Leaf ...... -PAI=== | ||
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=== ... Tool ... -MO=== | === ... Tool ....... -MO=== | ||
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=== ... Place ... -DA=== | === ... Place ....... -DA=== | ||
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=== .. Liquid ... -SE=== | === .. Liquid ...... -SE=== | ||
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=== .. Group ... -DE=== | === .. Group ....... -DE=== | ||
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=== .. Master ... -GU=== | === .. Master ...... -GU=== | ||
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=== .. Air/gas ... -LU=== | === .. Air/gas ....... -LU=== | ||
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=== .. Word ... -DAU=== | === .. Word ........ -DAU=== | ||
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=== .. Metal ... -MOI=== | === .. Metal ......... -MOI=== | ||
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=== .. Fellow ... -PEU=== | === .. Fellow ......... -PEU=== | ||
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=== .. Member ... -CO=== | === .. Member ......... -CO=== | ||
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=== .. Station ... -HEU=== | === .. Station .......... -HEU=== | ||
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=== .. Wagon ... -WEU=== | === .. Wagon .......... -WEU=== | ||
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=== .. Building ... -DO=== | === .. Building ........... -DO=== | ||
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=== .. Subject ... -GAU=== | === .. Subject ........... -GAU=== | ||
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=== .. Language ... -BA=== | === .. Language ........... -BA=== | ||
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=== .. Mistress ... -GWI=== | === .. Mistress ........... -GWI=== | ||
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=== .. Machine ... -NYO=== | === .. Machine ........... -NYO=== | ||
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=== .. Small birds ... -DI=== | === .. Small birds ............ -DI=== | ||
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=== .. Container ... -COI=== | === .. Container ............. -COI=== | ||
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=== .. Face/Side ... -ʔAU=== | === .. Face/Side ............. -ʔAU=== | ||
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=== .. Small bird ... -DAI=== | === .. Small bird ............ -DAI=== | ||
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=== .. Stuff/powder ... -YO=== | === .. Stuff/powder ........ -YO=== | ||
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=== .. Volume/room ... -ʔAI=== | === .. Volume/room ....... -ʔAI=== | ||
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=== .. Belief/theory ... - GAI=== | === .. Belief/theory ...... - GAI=== | ||
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Revision as of 23:30, 28 December 2017
..... Assembling word
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Many béu words can be analysed as being constructed from more basic elements.
In chapter 5 we showed how a noun could be made out of two basic nouns.
This chapter is all about these non-basic words.
Divided into 32 sections.
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... Fish ... -SI
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fiʒi = fish (uncountable)
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cuttlefish = byoʒi
cod
herring
skate
salmon
pike
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... Side ... -ʔA
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ʔá = side
là ?á = because of
What about "line", "straight" ??
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aibaʔa = a triangle
ugaʔa = a square
idaʔa = a pentagon
elaʔa = a hexagon
ò atas nambo = he/she is above the house ... however if "house" is understood, and mention of it is dropped, we must add ʔa to atas ... for example ...
ò atasʔa = he/she is above
dauniʔa = underneath
liʒiʔa = on the left hand side
luguʔa = on the right hand side
noldo, suldo, westa, istu niaka, muaka faceside backside etc. etc.
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... Tree ... -PO
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ʔupo = tree
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Apple trees = amapo
Mango trees = byopo
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... Book .... -LI
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toili = book
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A dictionary = nandauli
A text book = megauli
A manual = An instruction manual = ??
A cook book = ??
A story book = A novel = ??
A factual book = ??
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... Shop .... -FU
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kanfu = shop/stall
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kanfu pabla = a stall .... "stall" usually simply designated as pabla "table"
gozəfu = a fruit shop, a fruit stall
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... Fish ..... -SAI
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fizai = a/the fish (countable)
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a cuttlefish = byozai
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... Leaf ...... -PAI
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lapai = a leaf
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Apple tree leaf = almapai
Mango tree leaf = byopai
etc. etc. etc.
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... Tool ....... -MO
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gaumo = a tool
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This is actually an infix. It signifies a tool that facilitates the action. For example ...
kludau = to write : kludamo = a pen
solbe = to drink : solbemo = a straw
cwá = to cross : cwamo = a bridge
kwè = to turn : kwemo = an axle
bái = to rise : baimo = a ladder
An interesting extention of the above is baiməfan meaning "index", "table of contents", "look up table" or "list"
It means literally "a duo of ladders" ... the idea behind this word can be seen below ...
In English "list" can be thought of as one dimensional ... in béu however, two dimentional ... either with a column numbering each item, or a column for ticking off after an item has been dealt with (bought).
Table or matrix are translated using the ...béu word for "net".
slòi = to flow : sloimo = drains
gàu to do : gaumo = a tool
pila = to set/place/position/to put something in its proper position and orientation : pilamo = the 17 particles that show "case"
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... Place ....... -DA
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hada = place
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kludau = to write : kludada = a scriptorium
flò = to eat : floda = a restaurant
solbe = to drink : solbeda = a bar
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.. Liquid ...... -SE
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water = moze
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almaze = apple juice
koize = orange juice
habian = bee
bianze = honey ... (some erosion here)
fainze = sauce : fáin = to enrich
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.. Group ....... -DE
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mande = group
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doide = a mountain range < dòi
alhade = a bunch of flowers
bodede = a flock of birds
gwaide = an archipelago < gwái
fizade = a school of fish
ʔupode = forest
ampede = a society, an association < ampeu
lentode = a league
pullde = a team, a club
kodade = cooperative < kodai
treatyde = alliance
doikade = a gang, a band
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.. Master ...... -GU
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gù = master, lord
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landlord
houselord
shiplord
Also some agjectives from this construction ...
taigu = free < self.master
mpugu = democratic
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.. Air/gas ....... -LU
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kalu = Air/gas
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hydrogen = first.lu
helium = koilu
neon = unmixinglu second
argon = unmixinglu third
krupton = unmixinglu forth
clean = cadai ....
chlorine = cadakuzlu < cadakuʒi-lu
bromine = cadakuze < cadakuʒi-ze
iodine = cadakuʒi- ???
strontium = caimoi fairy metal
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.. Word ........ -DAU
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nandau = A word
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adjective = saidau
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sky.sound = a vowel sky.sound.za = a diphthong or a triphthong sky.sound. nyo = a vowel OR a diphthong/triphthong
earth.sound = a consonant earth.sound.za = a consonant cluster earth.sound.nyo = a consonant OR a consonant cluster
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.. Metal ......... -MOI
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delmoi = metal
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copper = ʔolimoi
bronze = pwemoi
iron/steel = gumoi
tin = fujemoi
lead = wobumoi
aluminium = yekimoi
zinc <= needle ??
cadmium = zinc.ita
gold = koimoi ... kòi = sun, day (24 hours)
silver = deumoi ... dèu = moon
drrog-hlyś ['drɔɡ.ɬyɕ] n. thulium ... hlyś [ɬyɕ] n. wimp
pruvdrangphwéo ['pʰɹuv.dɹɐŋ.ɸwø] n. palladium ..... ???
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.. Fellow ......... -PEU
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ampeu = a comrade, a fellow, a peer, someone of the same social status as you and on friendly terms with you. Not exactly a friend but you rub along with this person for mutual advantage. Emotionally neutral ... between friend and enemy.
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polji = womb ... polpeu = a twin, a triplet etc ... polpau = (twins) (i.e. two of them)
hodo = class (in a school) ... hodəpeu = a class mate
donəpeu = a companion
yearpeu = somebody born in the same year as you
namepeu = a namesake, somebody with the same name as you
countrypeu = a compatriate
gòs = aim, objective, purpose, goal ... gospeu = a comrade, a fellow traveller
All these words are their own plural
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.. Member ......... -CO
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This one deletes the last vowel of the root if attached to a diphthong ...... like -ko or -da or -la.
kuda = a shop
kudaco = a shop assistant
beco = an active member of the béu community ... as opposed to a beumai who follows béu in a private manner ???
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.. Station .......... -HEU
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farm = anhèu
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ngeuheu = an airport
hauheu = a school
gaudoheu = factory
tunheu = a townhall .... tun = rule, power
The original meaning of anhèu is "farm" .... i.e. a sort of spread out place where many activities take place. There are store houses and/or workshops related to these different activities plus a fair amount of open space.
From this original meaning, hèu has become an affix with the meaning "station". As in police station, army base, petrol station, townhall etc. etc.
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.. Wagon .......... -WEU
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wèu = A vehicle, a wagon
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train = soweu
bus = liloweu => loweu
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.. Building ........... -DO
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bundo = building ... from the verb ... bunda = "to build"
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gaudo = workshop
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.. Subject ........... -GAU
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A field of study, a subject = megau
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peugəŋgau = the entirety of human knowledge
slaigau = calculus
noigau = arithmetic
limbagau = linguistics
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.. Language ........... -BA
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A tongue, a language = limba
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.. Mistress ........... -GWI
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Any compounds formed with -gu can also form with -gwi
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.. Machine ........... -NYO
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ploinyo = a machine
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plòi = to use : ploinyo = a machine
gàu = to do : gaunyo = a robot
blá = to speak : blanyo = the telephone
wè = to think : wenyo = a computer
ngeu = to fly : ngeunyo = an aeroplane
bái = to rise : bainyo = an elevator
kwè = to turn : kwenyo = lathe
mwé = to see : mwenyo = TV
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wèu = a vehicle : weunyo = a motor, an engine
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.. Small birds ............ -DI
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bodi = a small bird
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hiadi = a robin
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.. Container ............. -COI
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A container = mencoi
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.. Face/Side ............. -ʔAU
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fo?au = a face, a facet, a side ... any 2D stretch but typically not horizontal ... a horizontal stretch would be a field.
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.. Small bird ............ -DAI
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bodai = small birds
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.. Stuff/powder ........ -YO
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powder = ponyo
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bunduyo = cement
wheatyo = flour
maizeyo = maize flour
ʔazwoyo = milk powder
fainyo = condiment : fáin = to enrich
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.. Volume/room ....... -ʔAI
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seʔai = volume, room
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mozeʔai = bathrooom
= bedroom
= cookroom
= livingroom
= store room
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.. Belief/theory ...... - GAI
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.. Fruits/nuts/berries ... -SO
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gozo = fruit
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apple = almazo
orange = koizo < sun fruit
mango = byozo
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We do not want a "unit", "boat".
⁕⁕nandauli is a good example of béu word building. toili = book, nandau = word, toili nandaun = book of words. However if two words such as these geudidau means extended word. It is also a good example of an extended word, in itself.
geuda is a verb meanbéuing to extend in one direction (usually not up). geudo is an noun meaning an extension or appendix. geudi is an adjective meaning extended.
nandau geudi = extended word ... now when a noun and a following adjective occur together a lot (and maybe take on a meaning slightly different) the concept they represent is normally upgraded to a word, by deleting all but the last CV (consonant vowel) in the first word, and sticking this CV on to the end of the second word.
Hence we get geudidau. In theory there is no limit to the combinations that can occur. However in practice (outside of technical language) there are slightly under a hundred different CV's, and the number of elements that every CV can combine with, varies from 3 or 4 up to about 40.
In English we have a number of common endings, such as "-ism", "-ology", "ist", etc. etc. In béu the end-stuck CV's can be thought of as equivalent to these English endings : the main difference is that this word building process is much more prevalent in béu.
The CV -dau (from nandau) is found in combination with a number of other elements. For example ;-
Note that in the last example, the meaning of the extended word has shifted a bit with respect to the meaning of the original words.
It is possible to extend further an extended word. For example ;-
kaza is an adjective meaning compicated and also is a noun meaning "a complicated thing" or "a complex".
kaza cwipadaun = a complex of a noun => cwipadauza = a noun phrase
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Index
- Introduction to Béu
- Béu : Chapter 1 : The Sounds
- Béu : Chapter 2 : The Noun
- Béu : Chapter 3 : The Verb
- Béu : Chapter 4 : Adjective
- Béu : Chapter 5 : Questions
- Béu : Chapter 6 : Derivations
- Béu : Chapter 7 : Way of Life 1
- Béu : Chapter 8 : Way of life 2
- Béu : Chapter 9 : Word Building
- Béu : Chapter 10 : Gerund Phrase
- Béu : Discarded Stuff
- A statistical explanation for the counter-factual/past-tense conflation in conditional sentences