Senjecas - so: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Pronunciation chart: Orthography revision.)
m (Grammar corrections. Style revison. Glossing table updated.)
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===Pronunciation table===
==Pronunciation table==
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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
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===Glossing abbreviations===
==Glossing abbreviations==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
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|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|EQU = equative degree
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = knment
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|PST = past
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|
|ADV = adverb
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|OCC = occupation suffix
|RPRF = recent perfective
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|PP = patient (past) participle
|SBJ = subjunctive
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IND = indicative
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|
|
|}
|}




===Conjunction===
==Conjunction==
*1. '''táádi''' - In order that
*'''1.''' '''táádi''' - In order that
::'''tu-nomva̋gom þűke. táádi bu a̋tuke̬ le̋iduke̬ ma̋a̋ga:'''
*Do your homework so (that) you can go out and play.
::Do your homework so (that) you can go out and play.
*'''tu-nomva̋gom þűke—táádi bu a̋tuke̬ le̋iduke̬ ma̋ga:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!tu=nom-va̋g-om||þűk-e||táádi||bu||a̋t-u=ke̬||le̋id-u=ke̬||ma̋g-a
!tu=nom-va̋g-om||þűk-e||táádi||bu||a̋t-u=ke̬||le̋id-u=ke̬||ma̋a̋g-a
|-
|-
|your=home-assignment-A.s||finish-IMP||so||out||go-SUP=and||play-SUP=and||be.able-IND
|your=home-assignment-A.s||finish-IMP||so||out||go-SUP=and||play-SUP=and||be.able-IND
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*2a. '''nááru''' (''with past tense'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
*'''2a.''' '''nááru''' (''with past tense'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
::'''mu éstu gõ̋fu e-vűűa. nááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom e-ı̋ga:'''
*I was still hungry, so I asked for more food.
::I was still hungry, so I asked for more food.
*'''mu éstu gǫ̋fu e-vűűa—nááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom e-ı̋ga:'''


::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!m-u||éstu||gfõ̋-u||e=vűű-a||nááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||e=ı̋g-a
!m-u||éstu||gǫ̋f-u||e=vűű-a||nááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||e=ı̋g-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||still||hungry-N.s||PST=be.IND||so||ELAT~more-ABS||food-A.s||PST=ask.for-IND
|1s-N||still||hungry-N.s||PST=be.IND||so||ELT~more-ABS||food-A.s||PST=ask.for-IND
|}
|}




*2b. '''sááru''' (''with present and future tenses'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
*'''2b.''' '''sááru''' (''with present and future tenses'') – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
::'''mu éstu gõ̋fu vűűa. sááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom u-ı̋ga:'''
*I'm still hungry, so I'll ask  for more food.
::I'm still hungry, so I'll ask  for more food.
*'''mu éstu gǫ̋fu vűűa—sááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom u-ı̋ga:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||éstu||gǫ̋f-u||vűű-a||sááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||u=ı̋g-a
!m-u||éstu||gõ̋f-u||vűű-a||sááru||mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø||e̋d-om||u=ı̋g-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||still||hungry-N.s||be.IND||so||ELAT~more-ABS||food-A.s||FUT=ask.for-IND
|1s-N||still||hungry-N.s||be.IND||so||ELT~more-ABS||food-A.s||FUT=ask.for-IND
|}
|}




===Adverb===
==Adverb==
*3. '''kéþu'''- To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
'''3.''' '''kéþu'''- To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
::'''le̋iðlu kéþu dűbu e-e̋sa. ƥúvi þus áv̈i num e-kűűsa:'''
*The actor was so good (that) they hired him immediately.
:: The actor was so good (that) they hired him immediately.
*'''le̋iðlu kéþu dűbu e-e̋sa. ƥúvi éȝus áv̈i éȝum e-kűűsa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!le̋ið-l-u||kéþu||dűb-u||e=e̋s-a||ƥúvi||éȝ-us||áv-vi||éȝ-um||e=kűűs-a
!le̋ið-l-u||kéþu||dűb-u||e=e̋s-a||ƥúvi||n-us||áv-vi||þ-um||e=kűűs-a
|-
|-
|act-AG-N.s||so||good-N.s||PST-be-IND||that||3-N.p||immediate-ADV||4-A.s||PST=hire-IND
|act-AG-N.s||so||good-N.s||PST-be-IND||that||they-N.p||immediate-ADV||he-A.s||PST=hire-IND
|}
|}




*4. '''ítu''' – In a particular manner.
*'''4.''' '''ítu''' – In a particular manner.
::'''ébi tu nom name̋ȝa—toáru ítu te̋e̋e:'''
*If you mean that, then say so.
::If you mean that, then say so.
*'''ébi tu nom name̋ȝa—toár' ítu te̋e̋e:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ébi||t-u||n-om||nam-e̋ȝa||toár-'||ítu||te̋e̋-e
!ébi||t-u||n-om||nam-e̋ȝa||toáru||ítu||te̋e̋-e
|-
|-
|if||2s-N||3-A.s||mean-SBJ||then||so||say-IMP
|if||2s-N||that-A.s||mean-SBJ||then-ELIS||so||say-IMP
|}
|}




*5. '''épi''' - In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned.
*'''5.''' '''épi''' - In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned.
::'''(kísu) épi še̋e̋va ȝe̋ka tús o e̋sa. épi mús o e̋sa:'''
*(Just) as you have free speech, so have I.
::(Just) as you have free speech, so have I.
*'''(kísu) épi tu še̋e̋va ȝe̋kam űda—épi m' űda:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!kísu||épi|t-u|||še̋e̋va-Ø||ȝe̋k-am||űd-a||épi||m-'||űd-a
!kísu||épi||še̋e̋va-Ø||ȝe̋k-a||t-ús||o||e̋s-a||épi||m-ús||o||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|just||as||free-ABS||speech-N.s||2s-G||to||be-IND||so||1s-G||to||be-IND
|just||as||2s.N||free-ABS||speech-A.s||own-IND||so||1s-elis||to||own-IND
|}
|}




===Adjective===
==Adjective==
*6. '''m̃e̋e̋ri''' – True, accurate.
*'''6.''' '''m̃e̋e̋ri''' – True, accurate.
::'''ȝa tu nom tĭte̋e̋a—no m̃e̋e̋ro e̋sa:'''
*What you have said is so.
::What you have said is so.
*'''táom tu tĭte̋e̋a—m̃e̋e̋ro e̋sa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!tá-om||t-u||tĭ~te̋e̋-i||m̃e̋e̋r-o||e̋s-a
!ȝa||t-u||n-om||tĭ~te̋e̋-i||n-o||m̃e̋e̋r-o||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|REL||2s-N||3-A.s||PRF~say-IND||3-N.s||so-N.s||be-IND
|what-A.s||2s-N||PRF~say-IND||so-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}




*7. '''ı̋ti''' – In that state, with that attribute.
*'''7.''' ''repeat adjective'' – In that state, with that attribute.
::'''sáámi m̃e̋e̋so te̋po vűűa. pa̋xo ðurős ha ı̋to u-še̋da:'''
*Although the house is warm, it will remain so only with the door closed.
::Although the house is warm, it will remain so only with the door closed.
*'''sáámi m̃e̋e̋so te̋po vűűa—sóólvi pa̋xo ðurős ha te̋po u-še̋da:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!sáámi||m̃e̋e̋s-o||te̋p-o||vűű-a||sóól-vi||pa̋xo-Ø||ður-ős||ha||te̋p-o||u=še̋d-a
!sáámi||m̃e̋e̋s-o||te̋p-o||vűű-a||pa̋xo-Ø||ður-ős||ha||ı̋t-o||u=še̋d-a
|-
|-
|although||house-N.s||warm-N.s||be-IND||closed-ABS||door-G.s||with||so-N.s||FUT=remain-IND
|although||house-N.s||warm-N.s||be-IND||only-ADV||closed-ABS||door-G.s||because.of||warm-N.s||FUT=remain-IND
|}
|}

Revision as of 11:32, 20 March 2018

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix Q = interrogative particle
ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future OCC = occupation suffix RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis INC = inchoative PRF = perfect SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) ELT = elative IND = indicative PRV = privative prefix


Conjunction

  • 1. táádi - In order that
  • Do your homework so (that) you can go out and play.
  • tu-nomva̋gom þűke—táádi bu a̋tuke̬ le̋iduke̬ ma̋ga:
tu=nom-va̋g-om þűk-e táádi bu a̋t-u=ke̬ le̋id-u=ke̬ ma̋g-a
your=home-assignment-A.s finish-IMP so out go-SUP=and play-SUP=and be.able-IND


  • 2a. nááru (with past tense) – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
  • I was still hungry, so I asked for more food.
  • mu éstu gǫ̋fu e-vűűa—nááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom e-ı̋ga:
m-u éstu gǫ̋f-u e=vűű-a nááru mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø e̋d-om e=ı̋g-a
1s-N still hungry-N.s PST=be.IND so ELT~more-ABS food-A.s PST=ask.for-IND


  • 2b. sááru (with present and future tenses) – With the result that; for that reason, therefore
  • I'm still hungry, so I'll ask for more food.
  • mu éstu gǫ̋fu vűűa—sááru mĭme̋e̋o e̋dom u-ı̋ga:
m-u éstu gǫ̋f-u vűű-a sááru mĭ~me̋e̋o-Ø e̋d-om u=ı̋g-a
1s-N still hungry-N.s be.IND so ELT~more-ABS food-A.s FUT=ask.for-IND


Adverb

3. kéþu- To the (explicitly stated) extent that.

  • The actor was so good (that) they hired him immediately.
  • le̋iðlu kéþu dűbu e-e̋sa. ƥúvi éȝus áv̈i éȝum e-kűűsa:
le̋ið-l-u kéþu dűb-u e=e̋s-a ƥúvi éȝ-us áv-vi éȝ-um e=kűűs-a
act-AG-N.s so good-N.s PST-be-IND that they-N.p immediate-ADV he-A.s PST=hire-IND


  • 4. ítu – In a particular manner.
  • If you mean that, then say so.
  • ébi tu nom name̋ȝa—toár' ítu te̋e̋e:
ébi t-u n-om nam-e̋ȝa toár-' ítu te̋e̋-e
if 2s-N that-A.s mean-SBJ then-ELIS so say-IMP


  • 5. épi - In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned.
  • (Just) as you have free speech, so have I.
  • (kísu) épi tu še̋e̋va ȝe̋kam űda—épi m' űda:
kísu t-u še̋e̋va-Ø ȝe̋k-am űd-a épi m-' űd-a
just as 2s.N free-ABS speech-A.s own-IND so 1s-elis to own-IND


Adjective

  • 6. m̃e̋e̋ri – True, accurate.
  • What you have said is so.
  • táom tu tĭte̋e̋a—m̃e̋e̋ro e̋sa:
tá-om t-u tĭ~te̋e̋-i m̃e̋e̋r-o e̋s-a
what-A.s 2s-N PRF~say-IND so-N.s be-IND


  • 7. repeat adjective – In that state, with that attribute.
  • Although the house is warm, it will remain so only with the door closed.
  • sáámi m̃e̋e̋so te̋po vűűa—sóólvi pa̋xo ðurős ha te̋po u-še̋da:
sáámi m̃e̋e̋s-o te̋p-o vűű-a sóól-vi pa̋xo-Ø ður-ős ha te̋p-o u=še̋d-a
although house-N.s warm-N.s be-IND only-ADV closed-ABS door-G.s because.of warm-N.s FUT=remain-IND
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