Senjecas - as: Difference between revisions

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m (→‎Pronunciation chart: Orthography revision.)
m (Grammar corrections. Style revison. Glossing table updated.)
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===Pronunciation table===
==Pronunciation table==
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{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
!p
!p
!b
!b
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===Glossing abbreviations===
==Glossing abbreviations==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
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|EQU = equative degree
|EQU = equative degree
|INS = instrument
|INS = instrument
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|PST = past
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|CONV = conversive
|F = feminine
|F = feminine
|INT = intensive prefix
|INT = intensive prefix
|QUOT = direct quotation
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
|-
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
|
|ADV = adverb
|ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|M = masculine
|M = masculine
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
|-
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
|
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|DIM = diminutive
|FUT = future
|FUT = future
|PP = patient (past) participle
|OCC = occupation suffix
|RPRF = recent perfective
|RPRF = recent perfective
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
|AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|IMP = imperative
|IMP = imperative
|PRF = perfect
|PP = patient (past) participle
|SBJ = subjunctive
|SBJ = subjunctive
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
|AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|PRF = perfect
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|
|
|
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IND = indicative
|IND = indicative
|PST = past
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
|
|
|}
|}




===Adverb===
==Adverb==
*1. '''móódu'''- to such an extent or degree
 
::'''mől̤u móódu gőxu móódi kőzu e̋sa ne:'''
::The miller is not as tall as (his) wife.


::{| Class=wikitable
*'''1.''' To such an extent or degree.
!mől̤-u||móódu||gőx-u||móódi||kőz-u||e̋s-a||ne
*You are not as tall as me.
*tu goxsa̋a̋tu mú' sóma vűűa ne:
:{|
!t-u||gox-sa̋a̋t-u||m-ú-'||sóma||vűű-a||ne
|-
|-
|miller-N.s||as||tall-N.s||as||wife-N.s||be-IND||not
|2s-N||tall-EQU-N.s||1s-G-ELIS||as||be-IND||not
|}
|}




*2. '''móódu''' – in the manner or role specified
*'''2.''' ''noun + adjective'' – comparison to the quality of a noun
::'''mu vísum va̋du vı̋l̤u móódu ii-sús úpa e-me̋ina:'''
*That medicine is as bitter as gall.
::I always thought of her as a good friend.
*'''a-ȝa̋xt̬i bislĕṡ̨a̋bi e̋sa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!a=ȝa̋xt̬-i||bisl-ĕ-ṡ̨a̋b-i||e̋s-a
!m-u||vísum||va̋du-Ø||vı̋l̤-u||móódu||ii=s-ús||úpa||e=me̋in-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||always||good-ABS||friend-N.s||as||F=3s-G||of||PST=think-IND
|that=medicine-N.s||gall-EP-bitter-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}




*3. ''noun + adjective'' – comparison to the quality of a noun
*''3'''. '''épu''' – In the manner or role specified.
::'''a-ȝa̋xt̬i bislĕṡ̨a̋bi e̋sa:'''
*'''tu-na̋ma żoonlűs épa xa e̋sa:'''
::That medicine is as bitter as gall.
*What is your opinion as a parent?
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!tu=na̋m-a||żoonl-űs||épu||x-a||e̋s-a
!a=ȝa̋xt̬-i||bisl-ĕ-ṡ̨a̋b-i||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|that=medicine-N.s||gall-EUPH-bitter-N.s||be-IND
|your=opinion-N.s||parent-G.s||as||what-N.s||be.IND
|}
|}




===Conjunction===
==Conjunction==
*4. '''épi''' - In the same way that; according to what
*'''4.''' '''épi''' - In the same way that; according to what
::'''nom kı̋o épi tu dőkaþu e-ı̋la:'''
*Please do that as you were taught.
::Please do that as you were taught.
*'''nom kı̋o—épi tu dőkaþu e-ı̋la:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!n-om||ki-e̋ȝa||épi||t-u||dők-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
!n-om||kı̋-o||épi||t-u||dők-a-þ-u||e=ı̋l-a
|-
|-
|3-A.s||do-SBJ||as||2s-N||teach-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|that-A.s||do-SBJ||as||2s-N||teach-IND-PP-N.s||PST=become-IND
|}
|}




*5. '''méti''' – At the same instant that; when
*'''5.''' '''méti''' – At the same instant that; when
::'''na̋a̋ȝe bu e-re̋e̋sa. méti mu ðűrom e-lűra:'''
*As I opened the door, the dog ran out.
::As I opened the door, the dog ran out.
*'''méti mu ðűrom e-lűra—na̋ȝe bu e-re̋e̋sa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!méti||m-u||ðűr-om||e=lűr-a||na̋ȝ-e||bu||e=re̋e̋s-a||
!na̋a̋ȝ-e||bu||e=re̋e̋s-a||méti||m-u||ðűr-om||e=lűr-a
|-
|-
|dog-N.s||out||pst=RUN-IND||as||1s-N||door-A.s||PST=open-IND
|as||1s-N||door-A.s||PST=open-IND||dog-N.s||out||PST=run-IND||
|}
|}




*6. '''méti''' - At the same time that; while
*'''6.''' '''méti''' - At the same time that; while
::'''ba̋a̋lu vísum še̋pa méti sűűm̃e főőla:'''
*The baby always sleeps as the rain falls.
::The baby always sleeps as the rain falls.
*'''ba̋a̋lu vísum še̋pa—méti sűűm̃e főőla:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!ba̋a̋l-u||vísum||še̋p-a||méti||sűűm̃-e||főől-a
!ba̋a̋l-u||vísum||še̋p-a||méti||sűűm̃-e||főől-a
|-
|-
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|}
|}


 
*'''7.''' '''méi''' - Varying through time in the same proportion that.
*7. '''méi''' - Varying through time in the same proportion that.
*As the storm clouds approached, I began to look for shelter.
::'''mu te̋gom neeþa̋sa. méi ðuune̋vos e-ȝőba:'''
*'''mu te̋gom neeþa̋sa—méi ðuune̋vos e-ȝőba:'''
::As the storm clouds approached, I began to look for shelter.
:{|
 
::{| Class=wikitable
!m-u||te̋g-om||neeþ-a̋s-a||méi||ðuu-ne̋v-os||e=ȝőb-a
!m-u||te̋g-om||neeþ-a̋s-a||méi||ðuu-ne̋v-os||e=ȝőb-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||shelter-A.s||look.for-INCEP-IND||as||storm-cloud-N.p||PST=approach-IND
|1s-N||shelter-A.s||look.for-INC-IND||as||storm-cloud-N.p||PST=approach-IND
|}
|}




*8. '''hi''' - Considering that, because, since
*'''8.''' '''hi''' - Considering that, because, since
::'''m̃us beƣƣðűrom pa̋xu ma̋a̋ƣa. hi m̃a̋kes ȝee beƣős éna vűűa. :'''
*We can close the barn door as the cows are already in the barn.
::We can close the barn door as the cows are already in the barn.
*'''m̃us beƣðűrom pa̋xu ma̋ƣa—hi m̃a̋kes ȝee beƣős éna vűűa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m̃-us||beƣ-ðűr-om||pa̋x-u||ma̋ƣ-a||hi||m̃a̋k-es||ȝee||beƣ-ős||éna||vűű-a||
!m̃-us||beƣ-ðűr-om||pa̋x-u||ma̋a̋ƣ-a||hi||m̃a̋k-es||ȝee||beƣ-ős||éna||vűű-a||
|-
|-
|as||cow-N.p||already||barn-G.s||in||be.IND||1p-N||barn-door-A.s||close-SUP||be.able-IND
|1p-N||barn-door-A.s||close-SUP||be.able-IND||as||cow-N.p||already||barn-G.s||in||be.IND
|}
|}




*9. '''sáámi''' - Expressing concession, though.
*'''9.''' '''sáámi''' - Expressing concession, though.
::'''m̃us ta̋ƣom u-se̋e̋ra. sáámi sőȝo e̋so:'''
*We will continue the journey, cold as it may be.
::We will continue the journey, cold as it may be.
*'''m̃us ta̋ƣom u-se̋e̋ra—sáámi sőȝo ese̋ȝa:'''
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!m̃-us||ta̋ƣ-om||u=se̋e̋r-a||sáámi||sőȝ-o||e̋s-o
!m̃-us||ta̋ƣ-om||u=se̋e̋r-a||sáámi||sőȝo-Ø||e̋s-o
|-
|-
|1p-N||journey-A.s||FUT=continue-IND||as||cold-ABS||be-SBJ
|1p-N||journey-A.s||FUT=continue-IND||as||cold-N.s||be-SBJ
|}
|}




===Postposition===
===Postposition===
*11. '''épa''' – In the role of.
*'''10.''' '''sóma''' - Introducing a basis of comparison.
::'''tu-na̋ma żoonlűs épa xa e̋sa:'''
*You are not as tall as me.
::What is your opinion as a parent?
*tu goxsa̋a̋tu mú' sóma vűűa ne:
 
:{|
::{| Class=wikitable
!t-u||gox-sa̋a̋t-u||m-ú-'||sóma||vűű-a||ne
!tu=na̋m-a||żǫnl-űs||épa||x-a||e̋s-a
|-
|-
|your=opinion-N.s||parent-G.s||as||what-N.s||be.IND
|2s-N||as||tall-EQU-N.s||1s-G-ELIS||as||be-IND||not
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:44, 19 March 2018

Pronunciation table

p b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ǫ o u ĭ ĕ ŭ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PST = past
2s/p = second person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) CONV = conversive F = feminine INT = intensive prefix Q = interrogative particle
ADV = adverb DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation
AG = agent DIM = diminutive FUT = future OCC = occupation suffix RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELIS = elision IMP = imperative PP = patient (past) participle SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis INC = inchoative PRF = perfect SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) ELT = elative IND = indicative PRV = privative prefix


Adverb

  • 1. To such an extent or degree.
  • You are not as tall as me.
  • tu goxsa̋a̋tu mú' sóma vűűa ne:
t-u gox-sa̋a̋t-u m-ú-' sóma vűű-a ne
2s-N tall-EQU-N.s 1s-G-ELIS as be-IND not


  • 2. noun + adjective – comparison to the quality of a noun
  • That medicine is as bitter as gall.
  • a-ȝa̋xt̬i bislĕṡ̨a̋bi e̋sa:
a=ȝa̋xt̬-i bisl-ĕ-ṡ̨a̋b-i e̋s-a
that=medicine-N.s gall-EP-bitter-N.s be-IND


  • 3'. épu – In the manner or role specified.
  • tu-na̋ma żoonlűs épa xa e̋sa:
  • What is your opinion as a parent?
tu=na̋m-a żoonl-űs épu x-a e̋s-a
your=opinion-N.s parent-G.s as what-N.s be.IND


Conjunction

  • 4. épi - In the same way that; according to what
  • Please do that as you were taught.
  • nom kı̋o—épi tu dőkaþu e-ı̋la:
n-om ki-e̋ȝa épi t-u dők-a-þ-u e=ı̋l-a
that-A.s do-SBJ as 2s-N teach-IND-PP-N.s PST=become-IND


  • 5. méti – At the same instant that; when
  • As I opened the door, the dog ran out.
  • méti mu ðűrom e-lűra—na̋ȝe bu e-re̋e̋sa:
méti m-u ðűr-om e=lűr-a na̋ȝ-e bu e=re̋e̋s-a
as 1s-N door-A.s PST=open-IND dog-N.s out PST=run-IND


  • 6. méti - At the same time that; while
  • The baby always sleeps as the rain falls.
  • ba̋a̋lu vísum še̋pa—méti sűűm̃e főőla:
ba̋a̋l-u vísum še̋p-a méti sűűm̃-e főől-a
baby-N.s always sleep-IND as rain-N.s fall-IND
  • 7. méi - Varying through time in the same proportion that.
  • As the storm clouds approached, I began to look for shelter.
  • mu te̋gom neeþa̋sa—méi ðuune̋vos e-ȝőba:
m-u te̋g-om neeþ-a̋s-a méi ðuu-ne̋v-os e=ȝőb-a
1s-N shelter-A.s look.for-INC-IND as storm-cloud-N.p PST=approach-IND


  • 8. hi - Considering that, because, since
  • We can close the barn door as the cows are already in the barn.
  • m̃us beƣðűrom pa̋xu ma̋ƣa—hi m̃a̋kes ȝee beƣős éna vűűa:
m̃-us beƣ-ðűr-om pa̋x-u ma̋ƣ-a hi m̃a̋k-es ȝee beƣ-ős éna vűű-a
1p-N barn-door-A.s close-SUP be.able-IND as cow-N.p already barn-G.s in be.IND


  • 9. sáámi - Expressing concession, though.
  • We will continue the journey, cold as it may be.
  • m̃us ta̋ƣom u-se̋e̋ra—sáámi sőȝo ese̋ȝa:
m̃-us ta̋ƣ-om u=se̋e̋r-a sáámi sőȝ-o e̋s-o
1p-N journey-A.s FUT=continue-IND as cold-N.s be-SBJ


Postposition

  • 10. sóma - Introducing a basis of comparison.
  • You are not as tall as me.
  • tu goxsa̋a̋tu mú' sóma vűűa ne:
t-u gox-sa̋a̋t-u m-ú-' sóma vűű-a ne
2s-N as tall-EQU-N.s 1s-G-ELIS as be-IND not
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