Senjecas - last

Pronunciation table

p	b	f	v	m̃	m			t	d	þ	ð	ɫ	l			ṡ	ż	s	z	r	n			k	g	x	ƣ	h	ȝ			š	s̨			i	e	a	ǫ	o	u			ĭ	ĕ	ŭ
/p/	/b/	/ɸ/	/β/	/m̥/	/m/			/t/	/d/	/θ/	/ð/	/l̥/	/l/			/ʦ/	/ʣ/	/s/	/z/	/ɾ̥/	/n/			/k/	/g/	/ç/	/ʝ/	/j̊/	/j/			/sʷ/	/sʲ/			/i/	/e/	/ä/	/ɒ/	/o/	/u/			/ɪ/	/ɛ/	/ʊ/

Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = first person singular/plural	V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)	CAUS = causative	EQU = equative degree	INS = instrument	Q = interrogative particle
2s/p = second person singular/plural	ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)	DES = desiderative	F = feminine	INT = intensive prefix	QUOT = direct quotation
3p/m = third person proximal/medial	ADV = adverb	DIM = diminutive	FRQ = frequentative	M = masculine	REL = relativizer
4 = fourth person	AG = agent	ELIS = elision	FUT = future	PP = patient (past) participle	RPRF = recent perfective
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)	AP = agent (active) participle	EP = epenthesis	IMP = imperative	PRF = perfect	SBJ = subjunctive
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)	AUG = augmentative	ELT = elative	INC = inchoative	PRV = privative prefix	SUP = supine
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)			IND = indicative	PST = past

Verb

• 1. še̋da - endure, continue over time

ṡĭ̋ṡus ímu ka̋itus ka̋ȝa. ésti no dóm̃' u-še̋da ne:

The children seem happy now, but that won't last long.

ṡĭ̋ṡ-us	ímu	ka̋it-us	ka̋ȝ-a	ésti	n-o	dóm̃-'	u=še̋d-a	ne
child-N.p	now	happy-N.p	seem-IND	but	3-N.s	long	FUT=continue-IND	not

• 2. t̬ĭ̋ɫa - hold out, continue undefeated

őmu m̃ooƣṡaþm̃ű' sána u-t̬ĭ̋ɫa ne:

The army won't last without reinforcements

őm-u	m̃ooƣṡaþm̃-ű-'	sána	u=t̬ĭ̋ɫ-a	ne
army-N.s	additional.troops-G.s-ELIS	without	FUT=last-IND	not

• 3. lűűsa - shape shoes

þaav̈a̋a̋nlu—ȝa nu non va̋a̋na—þa̋von lűűsa:

The cobbler lasts the shoes that he makes.

þaav-va̋a̋n-l-u	ȝa	n-u	þ-on	va̋a̋n-a	þa̋v-on	lűűs-a
shoe-make-AG-N.s	that	3-N.s	4-A.p	make-IND	shoe-A.p	last

Adjective

• 4. műgi - final, ultimate

na—ȝa nu-kőzu num e-na̋ka—műga ke̋e̋sa e-e̋sa:

That was the last time his wife saw him.

n-a	ȝa	nu=kőz-u	n-um	e=na̋k-a	műga-Ø	ke̋e̋s-a	e=e̋s-a
3-N.s	that	his=wife-N.s	3-A.s	PST=see-IND	last-ABS	time-N.s	PST=be-IND

• 5. nĭne̋bi - most recent, latest

bisa̋ro—ȝa mu nĭne̋ba keesa̋s num e-na̋ka—nús o e-e̋sa:

The last time I saw him he had a beard.

bisa̋r-o	ȝa	m-u	nĭ~ne̋ba-Ø	kees-a̋s	n-um	e=na̋k-a	n-ús	o	e=e̋s-a
beard-N.s	that	1s.N	ELAT~last-ABS	time-G.s	3-A.s	PST=see-IND	3-G.s	to	PST=be-IND

• 6. lĭlísu na̋mi - most unlikely, least preferable

nu—tei mu num nűsa—lĭlísu na̋mu hőmu e̋sa:

He is the last person I would suspect.

n-u	ȝa	m-u	n-um	nűs-a	lĭlísu	na̋mu-Ø	hőm-u	e̋s-a
3-N.s	that	1-N.s	3-A.s	suspect-IND	least	likely-ABS	person-N.s	be-IND

• 7. műgi - only one of its class

ve̋e̋ðlus műgem leðős éna m̃a̋ilem e-ka̋a̋da:

The hunters killed the last wolf in the valley.

ve̋e̋ðl-us	műg-em	leð-ős	éna	m̃a̋il-em	e=ka̋a̋d-a
hunter-N.p	last-A.s	valley-G.p	in	wolf-A.s	PST=kill-IND

• 8. sŭsűpi - lowest in rank or degree

pa̋l̨u sŭsűpo dinős túȝa sa̋a̋aþu ı̋lu e-ke̋la:

The girl had to be satisfied with the last prize.

pa̋l̨-u	sŭ~sűpo-Ø	din-ős	túȝa	sa̋a̋-a-þ-u	ı̋l-u	e=ke̋l-a
girl-N.s	ELAT~low-ABS	prize-G.s	with	satisfy-IND-PP-N.s	become-SUP	PST=had.to-IND

• 9. hes- - immediately before the present

b̨a̋a̋ge hesȝita̋s e-vűűl-a:

Last night the moon was full.

b̨a̋a̋g-e	hes=ȝit-a̋s	e=vűűl-a
full.moon-N.s	yester=night-G.s	PST=there.be-IND

• 10. fe̋si – closest to a week ago

tárona̋ha e̋sa da sa̋rno fe̋sa neeraha̋s e-e̋sa:

It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday

tárona̋h-a	e̋s-a	da	sa̋rn-o	fe̋sa-Ø	neerah-a̋s	e=e̋s-a
Wednesday-N.s	be-IND	and	feast-N.s	last-ABS	Tuesday-G.s	PST=be-IND

Adverb

• 11. nĭnévi - most recently

nu mum e-poőra. méti m̃us nĭnév̈i e-pa̋na:

He insulted me when we last we met.

n-u	m-um	e=poőr-a	méti	m̃-us	nĭ~név=vi	e=pa̋n-a
3-N.s	1s-A	PST=insult-IND	when	1p-N	ELAT~recent=ADV	PST=meet-IND

• 12. múƣvi - after everything else, finally

nu bőnom e-aðne̋e̋ma. ésti múƣvi e-þűka:

He entered the race, but came in last.

n-u	bőn-om	e=aðne̋e̋m-a	ésti	múƣ=vi	e=þűka
3.N.s	race-A.s	PST=enter	but	last=ADV	PST=complete