List of Sound Changes: Difference between revisions
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== Dissimilation == | == Dissimilation == | ||
== Epenthesis == | == Epenthesis == | ||
===Prothesis=== | ====Prothesis==== | ||
* Ø > V / #_ | * Ø > V / #_ | ||
** Example: *''scola'' /skola/ (''Latin'') > ''escuela'' /eskuela/ (''Spanish'')<ref name="Campbell">From ''Historical Linguistics: An Introduction'' by Lyle Campbell (1999).</ref> | ** Example: *''scola'' /skola/ (''Latin'') > ''escuela'' /eskuela/ (''Spanish'')<ref name="Campbell">From ''Historical Linguistics: An Introduction'' by Lyle Campbell (1999).</ref> | ||
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== Lenition == | == Lenition == | ||
===Word Final Devoicing=== | ====Word Final Devoicing==== | ||
* {C/V} > [-voice] / _# | * {C/V} > [-voice] / _# | ||
** Example: друг /drug/ [dɾuk] “friend” (''Russian'') | ** Example: друг /drug/ [dɾuk] “friend” (''Russian'') | ||
Revision as of 16:37, 13 March 2017
Below is a large list of attested sound changes in natural languages.
Assimilation
Deletion
Aphaeresis
- {C/V} > Ø / #_
- Example: μνημονικός /mnemonikos/ (Greek) > mnemonic /nǝmɑnɪk/ (English)
- Example: *cneo /kneo/ (Old English) > knee /niː/ (English)
- Notes: This sound change is also spelled "apheresis". Often this is a way to resolve complex onset consonant clusters. As a counterpart to this sound change, see prothesis.
Dissimilation
Epenthesis
Prothesis
- Ø > V / #_
- Notes: Often the vowel inserted has the status of the most neutral or basic vowel in the system (with the terms "neutral" and "basic" being defined internal to the system). Also, this sound change often applies to words that begin with an impermissible consonant cluster. As a counterpart to this sound change, see aphaeresis.
Lenition
Word Final Devoicing
- {C/V} > [-voice] / _#
- Example: друг /drug/ [dɾuk] “friend” (Russian)
- Example: /xaːj/ [xaːj̥] "house" (Mayan)[1]
- Notes: Often these are near mergers, where the vowel length may differ between forms that end with a phonologically voiced vs. voiceless consonant, or there may be a difference in how the voiceless stop is released if it’s phonologically voiced vs. voiceless.
