Ilya: Difference between revisions

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=== Cardinal ===
=== Cardinal ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 800px;"
|+
|-
! Ilya
! number
! English
! Ilya
! number
! English
! Ilya
! number
! English
|-
| '''nul''' || 0 || zero || '''sha''' || 6 || six || '''kishada''' || 500 || five hundred
|-
| '''wa''' || 1 || one || '''seb''' || 7 || seven || '''hesha''' || 10<sup>3</sup> || (one) thousand
|-
| '''ni''' || 2 || two || '''oka''' || 8 || eight || '''-''' || 10<sup>4</sup> || ten thousand
|-
| '''ush''' || 3 || three || '''nen''' || 9 || nine || '''-''' || 10<sup>5</sup> || (one) hundred thousand
|-
| '''ha''' || 4 || four || '''da''' || 10 || ten || '''-''' || 10<sup>6</sup> || (one) million
|-
| '''kish''' || 5 || five || '''sada''' || 100 || (one) hundred || '''-''' || 10<sup>9</sup> || (one) billion
|}
=== Forming Larger Numbers ===
* '''dawa''' - eleven / 11
* '''nida''' - twenty / 20
* '''sadaseb''' - one hundred seven / 107
* '''ushadénidasha''' - three hundred twenty six / 326
* '''shaheshnidaha''' - six thousand and twenty four / 6024
=== Other Number Forms ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
|+
|-
! Kala
! number
! English
! ordinal
! multiple
! fractional
|-
| '''wa''' || 1 || one  || '''-'''<br>first || '''-'''<br>once || -
|-
| '''dani''' || 12 || twelve || '''-'''<br>twelfth  || '''-'''<br>twelve times || '''-''<br>a twelfth
|-
| '''kishdaha''' || 54 || fifty four  || '''-'''<br>fifty fourth || '''-'''<br>54 times || '''-'''<br>a fifty fourth
|-
| '''sadasha''' || 106 || one hundred (and) six || '''-'''<br>106<sup>th</sup> || '''-'''<br>106 times || '''-'''<br>a 106<sup>th</sup>
|-
| '''sebhesh''' || 7000 || seven thousand  || '''-'''<br>seven thousandth || '''-'''<br>7000 times || '''-'''<br>1/7000
|}


=== Ordinal ===
=== Ordinal ===

Revision as of 07:56, 11 March 2017

Phonology

consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Glottal
Plosives p   b t   d k   g ʔ (q)
Nasals m n
Fricatives s ʃ (sh)
Approximants l j (y) w h
Trill r

Note: The glottal stop /ʔ/ q, is used as a "buffer" to keep vowels apart when adding suffixes.

vowels
Front Central Back
Close i~ɪ u~ʊ
Mid e~ɛ o
Open a~ə

Vowel length is productive and is marked by an acute accent. á é í ú

Nouns

Number

Ilya nouns can be singular, dual, or plural.

  • kop-á - dog
    • kop-ik - (two) dogs
      • kop-im - dogs

Gender

Ilya does not have grammatical gender. However, where desired, masculine individuals may be distinguished by the suffix XXX, and feminine ones by XXX :

  • kop-á - dog

Some

Case

nominative

The nominative case is the basic uninflected form of the noun.

accusative

The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.

  • -wa Added to words ending in b, h, k, l, m, n, r, and sh.
  • -o Added to words ending in d, g, p, q, s, t, w, and y.

genitive

The genitive case is used to show possession and is placed immediately after the first member of a genitive construction. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.

  • -ya Added to words ending in b, g, h, k, l, m, n, and r.
  • -ai Added to words ending in d, p, q, s, sh, t, w, and y.

dative

The dative for the beneficiary of an action, indirect object, or motion towards. Unlike other case endings, it has morphed to being a prefix and has only one form, used in all instances. The exception to this is the form used with pronouns, ib-.

  • bi-
  • daqeshan éyemwa bikopá.
give-PRF-1s food-ACC DAT-dog
I gave food to the dog.
  • ma (kayu) iban?
what (COP-3s) DAT-1s
What's for me?

locative

The locative case indicates the place or time at which something happens. Its meaning can be translated by the English prepositions 'to', 'at', 'on', 'in' etc. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.

  • -(é)da Added to words ending in b, l, m, n, p, r, s, sh, w and y. Often shortened to -éd after l, r, w, and y.
  • -úsh Added to words ending in d, g, h, k, q and t.

ablative

The ablative case carries the meaning 'from' and shows separation away from an object. It is also used in comparisons and in this case translates as "than".

  • -(é)sha

comitative / instrumental

The instrumental/comitative case denotes accompaniment. It is translated as "with", "together with", "by", "with" or "through". An important use of the instrumental is as an adverbial, since Ilya lacks a morphological adverb. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.

  • -ha Added to words ending in b, l, m, and r.
sarha - quickly (with quickness)
  • -ak Added to words ending in all others.
betak - using; with the house

Vocative

Affect (diminutive and augmentative)

Pronouns

singular plural
1 -an -uk
2 -ti / -e -ut
3 -u / -a / il -um

Conjugation

There are two conjugations in Ilya, easily identified by the final -ek or - in the infinitive. Sample conjugations are given below, as well as the forms for the irregular verb hará 'to be (permanent)'.

hará
be
ashek
want
gelek
arrive
shabrá
know
1s han ashan gelan shaban
2s hati ashti gele shabti
3s ilha ashu gelu shabu
1p haquk ashuk geluk shabuk
2p haqut ashut geli shabut
3p umha ashum gelum shabum

Demonstrative pronouns

Case

nominative accusative genitive dative
1s -an eyan nai iban
2s -ti / -e eti / eye tai ibti
3s -u / -a eya ai ibu
1p -uk eyuk kai ibuk
2p -ut / eyut wai ibut
3p -um eyum mai imbu

direct object incorporation

Direct object pronouns are incorporated to the verb inflection. So, instead of eya rayeshan (I saw her), rayeshana is grammatical. The DO pronouns are not used when the object is specified. So, instead of kawal rayeshanu (I saw (it) the horse), kawal rayeshan is grammatical.

verb tense / aspect / mood subject object
ary -esh -an -a
see simple past 1sg 3sg.FEM
I saw her.

Prepositions

Attributives

Numbers

Cardinal

Ilya number English Ilya number English Ilya number English
nul 0 zero sha 6 six kishada 500 five hundred
wa 1 one seb 7 seven hesha 103 (one) thousand
ni 2 two oka 8 eight - 104 ten thousand
ush 3 three nen 9 nine - 105 (one) hundred thousand
ha 4 four da 10 ten - 106 (one) million
kish 5 five sada 100 (one) hundred - 109 (one) billion

Forming Larger Numbers

  • dawa - eleven / 11
  • nida - twenty / 20
  • sadaseb - one hundred seven / 107
  • ushadénidasha - three hundred twenty six / 326
  • shaheshnidaha - six thousand and twenty four / 6024

Other Number Forms

Kala number English ordinal multiple fractional
wa 1 one -
first
-
once
-
dani 12 twelve -
twelfth
-
twelve times
'-
a twelfth
kishdaha 54 fifty four -
fifty fourth
-
54 times
-
a fifty fourth
sadasha 106 one hundred (and) six -
106th
-
106 times
-
a 106th
sebhesh 7000 seven thousand -
seven thousandth
-
7000 times
-
1/7000

Ordinal

Questions

Affirmation & Negation

Content Questions

Answering

Verbs

The copulas

hará

hará is used to talk about permanent or lasting attributes and is irregular. Descriptions are the essential qualities that define a person or thing and probably won’t change anytime soon. These descriptions can be names, physical descriptions, nationalities, and even religions.

  • han Yano
COP.1s John
I am John.

An occupation is what someone does for a living or as a hobby. Basically, if you're talking about how someone makes money or fills their time, you'll use hará.

  • umha shalinimwa
3p.COP study-AG-PL-ACC
They are students.

Characteristics are personality descriptions of a person. This category is included to further demonstrate the point that hará is used to talk about descriptions.

  • ...
...
My husband is romantic and caring.

Time can refer to days, dates, years, and the time on the clock.

  • ...
...
Today is Friday.

The place a person or thing is from or the material something is made of can be considered an origin.

  • ...
...
Marcus is from France.

Personal relationships, such as family ties, friendship, and romantic relationships, are also talked about using hará.

  • ...
...
Maria is my mother.

kayek

kayek is used to indicate temporary states and locations.

Position refers to the physical position or posture a person or thing is in.

  • ...
...
...

The location of someone or something describes where it is permanently, temporarily, or conceptually.

  • ...
...
...

Physical and mental conditions are described using kayek. Things that are likely to vary over several hours, days, or even years can be fall into this category.

  • ...
...
...

Tense

Aspect

Mood

Other modifiers

Syntax

Negation

Conjunction

Reported Speech

Subordinate clauses

Relative clauses