Ilya

• See also: Ilya dictionary
• See also: Ilya phrases
• See also: Ilya roots

Phonology

consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labiovelar	Glottal
Plosives	p   b	t   d		k   g		ʔ (q)
Nasals	m	n
Fricatives		s	ʃ (sh)
Approximants		l	j (y)		w	h
Trill		r

Note: The glottal stop /ʔ/ q, is used as a "buffer" to keep vowels apart when adding suffixes.

vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i~ɪ		u~ʊ
Mid	e~ɛ		o
Open		a~ə

Vowel length is productive and is marked by an acute accent. á é í ú

Nouns

Number

Ilya nouns can be singular, dual, or plural.

• kop-á - dog
  • kop-ik - (two) dogs
    • kop-im - dogs

Gender

Ilya does not have grammatical gender. However, where desired, masculine individuals may be distinguished by the suffix XXX, and feminine ones by XXX :

• kop-á - dog

Case

nominative

The nominative case is the basic uninflected form of the noun.

accusative

The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.

• -o Added to words ending in a consonant.

• -wa Added to words ending in vowels and diphthongs.

genitive

The genitive case is used to show possession and is placed immediately after the first member of a genitive construction. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.

• -ai Added to words ending in a consonant.

• -ya Added to words ending in vowels and diphthongs.

ablative

The ablative case carries the meaning 'from' and shows separation away from an object. It is also used in comparisons and in this case translates as "than".

• -(é)sha

comitative / instrumental

The instrumental/comitative case denotes accompaniment. It is translated as "with", "together with", "by", "with" or "through". An important use of the instrumental is as an adverbial, since Ilya lacks a morphological adverb. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.

• -ak Added to words ending in a consonant.

betak - using; with the house

• -ha Added to words ending in vowels and diphthongs.

sarha - quickly (with quickness)

Pronouns

	singular	plural
1	-an	-uk
2	-ti / -e	-ut
3	-u / -a / il	-um

Case

	nominative	accusative	genitive	dative
1s	-an	eyan	nai	iban
2s	-ti / -e	eti / eye	tai	ibti
3s	-u / -a	eya	ai	ibu
1p	-uk	eyuk	kai	ibuk
2p	-ut / -í	eyut	wai	ibut
3p	-um	eyum	mai	imbu

direct object incorporation

Direct object pronouns are incorporated to the verb inflection. So, instead of eya rayeshan (I saw her), rayeshana is grammatical. The DO pronouns are not used when the object is specified. So, instead of kawal rayeshanu (I saw (it) the horse), kawal rayeshan is grammatical.

verb	tense / aspect / mood	subject	object
ary	-esh	-an	-a
see	simple past	1sg	3sg.FEM
I saw her.