Ilya: Difference between revisions
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=== Case === | === Case === | ||
==== nominative ==== | |||
The nominative case is the basic uninflected form of the noun. | |||
==== accusative ==== | |||
The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies. | |||
* '''-o''' Added to words ending in a consonant. | |||
* '''-wa''' Added to words ending in vowels and diphthongs. | |||
==== genitive ==== | |||
The genitive case is used to show possession and is placed immediately after the first member of a genitive construction. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies. | |||
* '''-ai''' Added to words ending in a consonant. | |||
* '''-ya''' Added to words ending in vowels and diphthongs. | |||
==== dative ==== | |||
==== locative ==== | |||
==== ablative ==== | |||
The ablative case carries the meaning 'from' and shows separation away from an object. It is also used in comparisons and in this case translates as "than". | |||
* '''-(é)sha''' | |||
==== comitative / instrumental ==== | |||
=== Vocative === | === Vocative === | ||
Revision as of 05:12, 2 March 2017
- See also: Ilya dictionary
- See also: Ilya phrases
- See also: Ilya roots
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosives | p b | t d | k g | ʔ (q) | ||
| Nasals | m | n | ||||
| Fricatives | s | ʃ (sh) | ||||
| Approximants | l | j (y) | w | h | ||
| Trill | r |
Note: The glottal stop /ʔ/ q, is used as a "buffer" to keep vowels apart when adding suffixes.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i~ɪ | u~ʊ | |
| Mid | e~ɛ | o | |
| Open | a~ə |
Vowel length is productive and is marked by an acute accent. á é í ú
Nouns
Number
Ilya nouns can be singular, dual, or plural.
- kop-á - dog
- kop-ik - (two) dogs
- kop-im - dogs
- kop-ik - (two) dogs
Gender
Ilya does not have grammatical gender. However, where desired, masculine individuals may be distinguished by the suffix XXX, and feminine ones by XXX :
- kop-á - dog
Some
Case
nominative
The nominative case is the basic uninflected form of the noun.
accusative
The accusative case marks the direct object of a verb. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.
- -o Added to words ending in a consonant.
- -wa Added to words ending in vowels and diphthongs.
genitive
The genitive case is used to show possession and is placed immediately after the first member of a genitive construction. It has two written forms whose use depends on the final letter of the word it qualifies.
- -ai Added to words ending in a consonant.
- -ya Added to words ending in vowels and diphthongs.
dative
locative
ablative
The ablative case carries the meaning 'from' and shows separation away from an object. It is also used in comparisons and in this case translates as "than".
- -(é)sha
comitative / instrumental
Vocative
Affect (diminutive and augmentative)
Pronouns
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -an | -uk |
| 2 | -ti / -e | -ut |
| 3 | -u / -a / il | -um |
Demonstrative pronouns
Case
| nominative | accusative | genitive | dative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | -an | eyan | nai | iban |
| 2s | -ti / -e | eti / eye | tai | ibti |
| 3s | -u / -a | eya | ai | ibu |
| 1p | -uk | eyuk | kai | ibuk |
| 2p | -ut / -í | eyut | wai | ibut |
| 3p | -um | eyum | mai | imbu |
direct object incorporation
Direct object pronouns are incorporated to the verb inflection. So, instead of eya rayeshan (I saw her), rayeshana is grammatical. The DO pronouns are not used when the object is specified. So, instead of kawal rayeshanu (I saw (it) the horse), kawal rayeshan is grammatical.
| verb | tense / aspect / mood | subject | object |
|---|---|---|---|
| ary | -esh | -an | -a |
| see | simple past | 1sg | 3sg.FEM |
| I saw her. | |||
