User:Masako/nkala: Difference between revisions
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: ''I did not speak to you'' | : ''I did not speak to you'' | ||
* '''wa-t-a''' 1sg-be- | * '''wata''' | ||
* ku-wa-n-i 3pl-1sg-see-PST They saw me (I was seen) | : '''''wa-t-a''''' | ||
* ku-t-uk-i 3pl-be-NEG-PST | : <tt>1sg-be-NPST</tt> | ||
* ta-tim-u animal-bleed-NOM animal blood | : ''I am'' | ||
* yim-uk-a eat-NEG-NPST | |||
* ki-mpi-mal-atl-i SB-2pl-speak-maybe-PST | * '''kuwani''' | ||
* ki-lum-a SB-sleep-NPST | : '''''ku-wa-n-i''''' | ||
: <tt>3pl-1sg-see-PST</tt> | |||
: ''They saw me (I was seen)'' | |||
* '''kutuki''' | |||
: '''''ku-t-uk-i''''' | |||
: <tt>3pl-be-NEG-PST</tt> | |||
: ''They were not'' | |||
* '''tatimu''' | |||
: '''''ta-tim-u''''' | |||
: <tt>animal-bleed-NOM</tt> | |||
: ''animal blood'' | |||
* '''yimuka''' | |||
: '''''yim-uk-a''''' | |||
: <tt>eat-NEG-NPST</tt> | |||
: ''(She/He/It) does not eat'' | |||
* '''kimpimalatli''' | |||
: '''''ki-mpi-mal-atl-i''''' | |||
: <tt>SB-2pl-speak-maybe-PST</tt> | |||
: ''Someone may have spoken to you (all)'' | |||
* '''kiluma''' | |||
: '''''ki-lum-a''''' | |||
: <tt>SB-sleep-NPST</tt> | |||
: ''Someone is sleeping'' | |||
Revision as of 06:05, 14 November 2016
sounds
consonants
| Consonants | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |
| Plosive | p | t | k |
| Fricative | s | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j (y) |
vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Open | a |
nouns
pronouns
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | wa- | kwa- |
| 2 | ni- | pi- (-mpi-) |
| 3 | - | ku- |
locative prefixes
- na- - in; at; on
- ti- - behind; after
verbs
Verbs are the workhorses of Malu. They can mark for both agent and patient as well as tense. Many simple sentences are composed of only a verb.
tense
Tense is also distinguished, but only in the indicative. There are two tenses:
- present, which is also used for future events (nonpast tense).
- past
lexicon
ka
- ka- - plural
- ki- - someone; something
- ku- - they; them [3pl]
- kwa- - we; us [1pl]
la
- lum - sleep; rest; relax
ma
na
pa
sa
ta
wa
ya
a
examples
- wanimaluki
- wa-ni-mal-uk-i
- 1sg-2sg-speak-NEG-PST
- I did not speak to you
- wata
- wa-t-a
- 1sg-be-NPST
- I am
- kuwani
- ku-wa-n-i
- 3pl-1sg-see-PST
- They saw me (I was seen)
- kutuki
- ku-t-uk-i
- 3pl-be-NEG-PST
- They were not
- tatimu
- ta-tim-u
- animal-bleed-NOM
- animal blood
- yimuka
- yim-uk-a
- eat-NEG-NPST
- (She/He/It) does not eat
- kimpimalatli
- ki-mpi-mal-atl-i
- SB-2pl-speak-maybe-PST
- Someone may have spoken to you (all)
- kiluma
- ki-lum-a
- SB-sleep-NPST
- Someone is sleeping
