User:Masako/sandbox

noun phrases

The basic noun phrase in Kala is PREPOSITION DETERMINER NOUN DESCRIPTIVE-VERB RELATIVE-CLAUSE. Depending on context, this is fairly predominant with a few exceptions

ukum

Kala	number	English	ordinal	multiple	fractional
na'o	1	one	kina'o first	tina'o once	-
ueta'o	12	twelve	kiueta'o twelfth	tiueta'o twelve times	iueta'o a twelfth
yauema'o yama'o	54	fifty four	kiyama'o fifty fourth	tiyama'o 54 times	iyama'o a fifty fourth
nyetsa'o	106	one hundred (and) six	kinyetsa'o 106th	tinyetsa'o 106 times	inyetsa'o a 106th
katle'o	7000	seven thousand	kikatle'o seven thousandth	tikatle'o 7000 times	ikatle'o 1/7000

Ilya	number	English	Ilya	number	English	Ilya	number	English
nul	0	zero	sha	6	six	kishada	500	five hundred
wa	1	one	seb	7	seven	hesha	103	(one) thousand
ni	2	two	oka	8	eight	dahesh	104	ten thousand
ush	3	three	nen	9	nine	sadahesh	105	(one) hundred thousand
ha	4	four	da	10	ten
kish	5	five	sada	100	(one) hundred

floating

penku

Kala	meaning	example
ma	and; also	mita ina ma moku dog eat and sleep The dog eats and sleeps.
ua	or	mita ina ua moku dog eat or sleep The dog eats or sleeps.
ehe me	but; yet	mita ina ma mokunke dog eat but sleep-NEG The dog eats but does not sleep.
yema	both X and Y

correlative

• yema - both X and Y

mita ina yema empa - dog eat both.X.and.Y run - The dog eats and runs.

• ue - either X or Y

mita ina ue empa - dog eat either.X.or.Y run - The dog is either eating or running.

• uenke (uek) - neither X nor Y

mita ina uenke empa - dog eat neither.X.nor.Y run - The dog is neither eating nor running.

case

1st↓ · 2nd→	b	d	g	h	k	l	m	n	p	q	r	s	sh	t	w	y
b
d
g
h
k
l
m
n
p
q
r
s
sh
t
w
y

All clusters can only occur word-medially.

case

nominative

The basic form of each noun, and the one cited in dictionaries, is the nominative singular. All the other forms can be derived from it.

• adab - house

adabim houses

oblique

• adabo - house

adabim houses

nkalu

nkalo

	Agent	Patient	Reflexive	Possessive	Reciprocal
1sg	na I	ena me	na'i myself	nayo my; mine
2sg	ta you (thou)	eta you	ta'i yourself	tayo your(s)
3sg	ha he/she	eha him/her	ha'i himself/herself	hayo his/her(s)
4sg	tla it/one	etla it	tla'i itself/oneself	tlayo its/one's
1pl 1pl EXCL	nam we na'am we (not you)	enam ena'am	nami na'ami	namyo na'amyo	nanku na'anku
2pl	tam	etam	tami	tamyo	tanku
3pl	kam	ekam	kami	kamyo	kanku
4pl	tlam	etlam	tlami	tlamyo	tlanku

verbs

• 1 - first person
• 2 - second person
• 3 - third person
• 4 - fourth person
• ag - agentive
• att - attemptive
• aug - augmentative
• ben - benefactive
• caus - causative
• col - collective
• comp - comparative
• dim - diminutive
• dist - distal

• dub - dubitative
• excl - exclusive
• ext - extreme
• fem - feminine
• fut - future
• gen - genitive
• hort - hortative
• imp - imperative
• inch - inchoative
• instr - instrumental
• int - intensive

• interj - interjection
• loc - locative
• masc - masculine
• med - medial
• nec - necessitative
• neg - negative
• o - object
• p - patient
• perm - permissive
• pfv - perfective
• pl - plural
• poss - possessive

• prec - precative
• prog - progressive
• prox - proximal
• pst - past
• recp - reciprocal
• refl - reflexive
• sb - somebody
• sg - singular
• sth - something
• sug - suggestive
• voc - vocative
• vol - volitive