User:Masako/sandbox: Difference between revisions

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= nkalu =
= nkalu =


{|class=wikitable style="text-align: center; width:40%;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 200px;"
|+
!
!
!Labial
! subject
!colspan=2|Alveolar
! object
!Palatal
|-align=center
!Velar
! 1sg
!Glottal
| '''wa'''-
|-
| '''nwa'''-
! Nasal
|-align=center
| m ('''m''')
! 2sg
|colspan=2|n ('''n''')
| '''ni'''-
| ɲ ('''ny''')
| '''nyi'''-
|
|-align=center
|
! 3sg
|-
| '''-'''
! Plosive
| '''nku'''-
| p~b ('''p''')
|-align=center
|colspan=2|t~d ('''t''')
! 1pl
|
| '''kwa'''-
| k~g ('''g''')
| '''pwa'''-
| ʔ (''' ' '''){{ref|glottal|1|1}}
|-align=center
|-
! 2pl
! Affricate
| '''ki'''-
|
| '''(m)pi'''-
| ts~t͡ʃ ('''ts''') || t͡ɬ~tl ('''tl''')
|-align=center
|
! 3pl
|
| '''ku'''
|
| '''pu'''-
|-
! Continuant
|
| s~ʃ ('''s''') || l~ɾ ('''l''')
|
|
| h~ɦ ('''h''')
|-
! Semivowel
|
|colspan=2|
| j ('''y''')
| w ('''u''')
|
|}
 
{|
|{{ref label|glottal|1|1}} <small>The glottal stop is not phonemic but is included in the chart above. It is pronounced between two vowels and/or diphthongs that are not connected.</small>
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:06, 26 September 2016

noun phrases

The basic noun phrase in Kala is PREPOSITION DETERMINER NOUN DESCRIPTIVE-VERB RELATIVE-CLAUSE. Depending on context, this is fairly predominant with a few exceptions

ukum

Kala number English ordinal multiple fractional
na'o 1 one kina'o
first		 tina'o
once		 -
ueta'o 12 twelve kiueta'o
twelfth		 tiueta'o
twelve times		 iueta'o
a twelfth
yauema'o
yama'o		 54 fifty four kiyama'o
fifty fourth		 tiyama'o
54 times		 iyama'o
a fifty fourth
nyetsa'o 106 one hundred (and) six kinyetsa'o
106th		 tinyetsa'o
106 times		 inyetsa'o
a 106th
katle'o 7000 seven thousand kikatle'o
seven thousandth		 tikatle'o
7000 times		 ikatle'o
1/7000

floating

penku
Kala meaning example
ma and; also mita ina ma moku
dog eat and sleep
The dog eats and sleeps.
ua or mita ina ua moku
dog eat or sleep
The dog eats or sleeps.
ehe
me		 but; yet mita ina ma mokunke
dog eat but sleep-NEG
The dog eats but does not sleep.
yema both X and Y


correlative

  • yema - both X and Y
mita ina yema empa - dog eat both.X.and.Y run - The dog eats and runs.
  • ue - either X or Y
mita ina ue empa - dog eat either.X.or.Y run - The dog is either eating or running.
  • uenke (uek) - neither X nor Y
mita ina uenke empa - dog eat neither.X.nor.Y run - The dog is neither eating nor running.

nkalu

subject object
1sg wa- nwa-
2sg ni- nyi-
3sg - nku-
1pl kwa- pwa-
2pl ki- (m)pi-
3pl ku pu-
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