Velar nasal: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
| Manner of Articulation: || [[Nasal]] [[Stop]]
| Manner of Articulation: || [[Nasal]] [[Stop]]
|-
| [[Phonological feature]]s: ||
[+consonantal] <br>
[+sonorant] <br>
[+contin-acous] <br>
[+nasal] <br>
'''[+<small>DORSAL</small>]''' <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;[+high] <br>
|}
|}


The velar nasal is a fairly common sound cross-linguistically. It is often an allophone of [[Alveolar nasal|n]] before a [[velar]] sound.
The velar nasal is a fairly common sound cross-linguistically. It is often an allophone of [[Alveolar nasal|/n/]] before a [[velar]] sound. In languages such as [[Mandarin]] Chinese it may be argued to be a syllable-final allophone of [[Bilabial nasal|/m/]].
 
It is unusually common for the velar nasal to be prohibited from appearing at the beginning of the word; this is the case in nearly all languages of Eurasia, for example (the [[Samoyedic languages]] and languages of southeast Asia are notable exceptions). This evidently is a consequence of the nasal being [[Phoneme hole|much rarer]] as a consonant [[phoneme]] than its [[Bilabial nasal|labial]] and [[Alveolar nasal|coronal]] counterparts: many languages that do have it as a phoneme have developed it from clusters such as /nk/ or /nɡ/ (the latter is the origin of the phoneme in [[Germanic languages]], for instance) that cannot occur word-initially. It is also not unlikely for the sound to be constrained entirely to the syllable-final position (again, see Mandarin).
 
The dedicated IPA letter <ŋ> is formed as an amalgamation of <[[n]]> and <[[ɡ]]>. There is also a [[IPA capitals|corresponding capital letter]], <Ŋ>; this comes in two [[allograph]]ic forms, the other resembling an <N> with a hook (preferred in [[Samic languages]]), the other a larger, descenderless form of the lowercase glyph (preferred in African languages using the letter).


===Velar nasals in natlangs===
===Velar nasals in natlangs===
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| || n(k,g) || sank /sænk/ [sæŋk]
| || n(k,g) || sank /sænk/ [sæŋk]
|}
|}
'''[[Ancient Greek]]'''
{|
| Voiced || γ(γ,κ,ν,μ,χ)  || ἄγγελος  [áŋɡelos]
|}
'''[[Latin]]'''
'''[[Latin]]'''
{|
{|
| Voiced || g(n) || magnus /magnus/ [maŋnʊs]
| Voiced || g(n) || magnus /magnus/ [maŋnʊs]
|}
|}
===Velar nasals in conlangs===
'''[[Atlantic]]'''
{|
| Voiced || [[Image:Kirumb-small-letter-angma.png|24px]] (ŋ) || viŋe [vìŋə]
|}
'''[[Ithkuil]]'''
{|
| Voiced || ņ || [http://home.inreach.com/sl2120/Sound_Files/cons-5a.mp3 gaņiut /ɡaŋiut/]
|-
| Unvoiced || hņ
|-
| Voiced geminated || ņņ || [http://home.inreach.com/sl2120/Sound_Files/cons-35b.mp3 sa’weņņün /saʔweŋŋʉn/]
|}
[[Category:Phonetic segments|ŋ]]

Latest revision as of 07:48, 3 November 2011

ŋ
Pulmonic Consonant
IPA: ŋ
X-SAMPA: N
Kirshenbaum: N
Place of Articulation: Velar
Manner of Articulation: Nasal Stop
Phonological features:

[+consonantal]
[+sonorant]
[+contin-acous]
[+nasal]
[+DORSAL]
  [+high]

The velar nasal is a fairly common sound cross-linguistically. It is often an allophone of /n/ before a velar sound. In languages such as Mandarin Chinese it may be argued to be a syllable-final allophone of /m/.

It is unusually common for the velar nasal to be prohibited from appearing at the beginning of the word; this is the case in nearly all languages of Eurasia, for example (the Samoyedic languages and languages of southeast Asia are notable exceptions). This evidently is a consequence of the nasal being much rarer as a consonant phoneme than its labial and coronal counterparts: many languages that do have it as a phoneme have developed it from clusters such as /nk/ or /nɡ/ (the latter is the origin of the phoneme in Germanic languages, for instance) that cannot occur word-initially. It is also not unlikely for the sound to be constrained entirely to the syllable-final position (again, see Mandarin).

The dedicated IPA letter <ŋ> is formed as an amalgamation of <n> and <ɡ>. There is also a corresponding capital letter, <Ŋ>; this comes in two allographic forms, the other resembling an <N> with a hook (preferred in Samic languages), the other a larger, descenderless form of the lowercase glyph (preferred in African languages using the letter).

Velar nasals in natlangs

English

Voiced ng sing /sɪŋ/
n(k,g) sank /sænk/ [sæŋk]

Ancient Greek

Voiced γ(γ,κ,ν,μ,χ) ἄγγελος [áŋɡelos]

Latin

Voiced g(n) magnus /magnus/ [maŋnʊs]

Velar nasals in conlangs

Atlantic

Voiced Kirumb-small-letter-angma.png (ŋ) viŋe [vìŋə]

Ithkuil

Voiced ņ gaņiut /ɡaŋiut/
Unvoiced
Voiced geminated ņņ sa’weņņün /saʔweŋŋʉn/