Senjecas - sound: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
<font size = 4>
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
 
!p
==Pronunciation table==
!b
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
!f
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
!v
!ƿ
!m
|
|
|
|
!t
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
!d
!þ
!ð
!ł
!l
|
|
|
|
!c
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
!ƶ
!s
!z
!r
!n
|
|
|
|
!k
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
!g
!x
!ᵹ
!h
!ȝ
|
|
|
|
!š
! colspan="2" |
!ṡ
|
|
|
|
!i
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
!e
!a
!ɔ
!o
!u
|
|
|
|
!ı
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
!ɛ
!y
|-
|-
|/p/
! <center>p</center>
|/b/
! b
|/ɸ/
! f
|/β/
! v
|/m̊/
! m̃
|/m/
! m
|
|
! t
! d
! þ
! ð
! ɫ
! l
|
|
! ṡ
! ż
! s
! z
! r
! n
|
|
|
! k
! g
! x
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
! h
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
|/t/
|/d/
|/θ/
|/ð/
|/l̥/
|/l/
|
|
! š
! s̨
|
|
|/ʦ/
|/ʣ/
|/s/
|/z/
|/ɾ̥/
|/n/
|
|
! i
! e
! a
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
! o
! u
|
|
|/k/
|/g/
|/ç/
|/ʝ/
|/j̊/
|/j/
|
|
! ĭı
! ĕɛ
! ŭy
|-
! <center>प</center>
! ब
! फ
! भ
! म़
! म
|
|
|/sʷ/
|/sʲ/
|
|
! त
! द
! थ
! ध
! ल़
! ल
|
|
|/i/
|/e/
|/ä/
|/ɒ/
|/o/
|/u/
|
|
! च
! ज
! स
! स़
! र
! न
|
|
|/ɪ/
|
|/ɛ/
! क
|/ʊ/
! ग
! क़
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
! ह
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
! स्व
! स्य
|
|
! इ ई<br>पि पी
! ए एै<br>पे पै
! अ आ<br>प पा
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
! पं
! पऺ
! पॅ
|-
| /p/
| /b/
| /ɸ/
| /β/
| /m̥/
| /m/
!
!
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}




===Verb===
==Glossing abbreviations==
*1. '''ðų̋pa''' - said of a whale diving
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
| 1s/p = 1st person singular/plural
| ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
| COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
| F = feminine
| INT = intensive prefix
| PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
| SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
| 2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
| ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
| DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
| FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
| LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
| PST = past
| TRZ = transitivizer
|-
| 3 = 3rd person
| ADV = adverb
| DIM = diminutive
| FUT = future
| LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
| REV = [[Wikipedia:Opposite (semantics)|reversive]]
| VOC = vocative particle
|-
| A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
| AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
| ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
| IMP = imperative
| M = masculine
| Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
| YNG = young
|-
| G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
| AP = agent (active) participle
| ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
| INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
| OCC = occupation suffix
| QUOT = direct quotation
|
|-
| N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
| AUG = augmentative
| EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
| IND = indicative
| PP = patient (past) participle
| RPR = recent perfective
|
|-
| V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
| CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
| EQU = equative degree
| INS = instrument
| PRF = perfect
| SBJ = subjunctive
|
|}


::'''zę̋me: aᵹne̋ᵹe ðų̋pa:'''
==Verb==
::Look out!  The whale is sounding.
*'''1.''' '''ðűűpa''' धू॓प - said of a whale diving
 
*Look out!  The whale is sounding.
{|Class=wikitable
*'''ze̋e̋me: aƣne̋ƣe ðűűpa:'''
!zę̋m-e||aᵹne̋ᵹ-e||ðų̋p-a
:{|
!ze̋e̋m-e||aƣne̋ƣ-e||ðűűp-a
|-
|-
|look.out-IMP||whale-NOM.SG||sound-IND
|beware-IMP||whale-N.s||dive-IND
|}
|}


*2. '''sa̋pa''' - ascertain, examine, try, test, probe


::'''ɱús num e-sapantűs. nu fą̋ram e-mę̋ᵹa:'''
*'''2.''' '''sa̋pa''' स॓प - ascertain, examine, try, test, probe
::When we sounded him (out), he was in favor of the sale.
*When I sounded him (out), he was in favor of the sale.
 
*'''mús éȝum e-sapantűs—fa̋a̋ram e-me̋e̋ƣa:'''
{|Class=wikitable
:{|
!ɱ-úm||n-um||e=sap-a-nt-űm||n-u||fą̋r-am||e=mę̋ᵹ-a
!m-ús||éȝ-um||e=sap-a-nt-űs||fa̋a̋r-am||e=me̋e̋ƣ-a
|-
|-
|1P-GEN||3-ACC.SG||PST=sound-IND-AP-GEN.PL||3-NOM.SG||sale-ACC.SG||PST=favor-IND
|1s-G||3-A.s||PST-test-IND-AP-G.s||sale-A.s||PST=favor-IND
|}
|}


3. '''me̋a''' - ascertain the depth of water with a device


::'''ną̋ɱlus te̋laþo ðųős xéma hurős ca̋ltam e-me̋a:'''
*'''3.''' '''me̋a''' मे॓अ - ascertain the depth of water with a device
::Mariners would sound the depth of the water with a weighted rope.
*Mariners would sound the depth of the water with a weighted rope.
 
*'''na̋a̋m̃lus te̋laþo ðuuős xéma hurős ṡa̋ltam e-me̋a:'''
{|Class=wikitable
:{|
!ną̋ɱl-us||te̋l-a-þo-Ø||ðų-ős||xéma||hur-ős||ca̋lt-am||e=me̋-a
!na̋a̋m̃-l-us||te̋l-a-þo-Ø||ðuu-ős||xéma||hur-ős||ṡa̋lt-am||e=me̋-a
|-
|-
|mariner-NOM.PL||weigh-IND-PP-ABS||rope-GEN.SG||with||water-GEN.SG||depth-ACC.SG||PST=sound-IND
|sail-AG-N.s||weigh-IND-PP-ABS||rope-G.s||with||water-G.s||depth-A.s||PST=measure-IND
|}
|}


===Noun===
4. '''še̋no''' - sensation perceived by the ear


::'''mu ɱę̋som ų́da ǧe̋manto la̋ro še̋nom ve̋na:'''
==Noun==
::I hear a pleasant sound coming from the house.
*'''4.''' '''še̋no''' स्वे॓नो - sensation perceived by the ear
 
*I hear a pleasant sound coming from the house.
{|Class=wikitable
*'''mu m̃e̋e̋som úúda ǧe̋manto la̋ro še̋nom ve̋na:'''
!m-u||ɱę̋s-om||ų́da||ǧe̋m-a-nto-Ø||la̋ro-Ø||še̋n-om||ve̋n-a
:{|
!m-u||m̃e̋e̋s-om||úúda||ǧe̋m-a-nto-Ø||la̋ro-Ø||še̋n-om||ve̋n-a
|-
|-
|1s-NOM||house-ACC.SG||from||come-IND-AP-ABS||pleasant-ABS||sound-ACC.SG||hear-IND
|1s-N||house-A.s||out.of||come-IND-AP-ABS||pleasant-ABS||sound-A.s||hear-IND
|}
|}


5. '''martı̋ȝo''' - a long, narrow body of water between two land masses, inlet, strait


::'''ɱus vaiᵹa̋' se̋mto f̣oþős éna martı̋ȝom u-ta̋ra:'''
*'''5.''' '''martı̋ȝo''' मर्ति॓यो - a long, narrow body of water between two land masses, inlet, strait ['''ma̋re''', sea; '''tı̋ȝi''', ''adj.'' narrow]
::We will cross the sound at the first light of dawn.
*We will cross the sound at the first light of dawn.
 
*'''m̃us vaiƣa̋s þűnta f̨oþa̋s martı̋ȝom u-ta̋ra:'''
{|Class=wikitable
:{|
!ɱ-us||vaiᵹ-a̋-'||se̋mto-Ø||f̣oþ-ős||éna||martı̋ȝ-om||u=ta̋r-a
!m̃-us||vaiƣ-a̋s||þűnta-Ø||f̨oþ-a̋s||martı̋ȝ-om||u=ta̋r-a
|-
|-
|1p-NOM||dawn-GEN.SG-ELIS||first-ABS||light-GEN.SG||at||sound-ACC.SG||FUT=cross-IND
|1p-N||dawn-G.s||first-ABS||light-G.s||sound-A.s||FUT=cross-IND
|}
|}


===Adjective===
6. '''są̋ni''' - healthy


::'''nu bűzu táda są̋ne mőrem e-sa̋a:'''
==Adjective==
::He bought a sound horse for plowing.
*'''6.''' '''sa̋a̋ni''' सा॓नि - healthy
 
*He bought a sound horse for plowing.
{|Class=wikitable
*'''éȝu bűzu tááda sa̋a̋ne mőrem e-sa̋a:'''
!n-u||bűz-u||táda||są̋ne-Ø||mőr-em||e=sa̋-a
:{|
!éȝ-u||bűz-u||tááda||sa̋a̋ne-Ø||mőr-em||e=sa̋-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||plow-SUP||for||sound-ABS||horse-ACC.SG||PST=buy-IND
|3-N.s||plow-SUP||in.order||healthy-ABS||horse-A.s||PST=buy-IND
|}
|}


7. '''ka̋ili''' – safe and sound


::'''nu ka̋ilu e-nőma:'''
*'''7.''' '''ka̋ili''' क॓इलि  – safe and sound
::He came home safe and sound.
*He came home safe and sound.
 
*'''éȝu ka̋ilu e-nőma:'''
{|Class=wikitable
:{|
!n-u||ka̋il-u||e=nőm-a
!éȝ-u||ka̋il-u||e=nőm-a
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||safe.and.sound-NOM.SG||PST=home-IND
|3-N.s||unhurt-N.s||PST=come.home-IND
|}
|}


8. '''ce̋ti''' - complete, solid, secure


::'''nu šǫ́ðvi e-fǫ̋la—hi šįrfa̋los ce̋tos e-vűa ne:'''
*'''8.''' '''ṡe̋ti''' चे॓ति - complete, solid, secure
::He fell through because the floorboards were not sound.
*He fell through because the floorboards were not sound.
 
*'''éȝu šóóðvi e-főőla—hi šiirfa̋los ṡe̋tos e-vűűa ne:'''
{|Class=wikitable
:{|
!n-u||šǫ́ð-vi||e=fǫ̋l-a||hi||šįr- fa̋l-os||ce̋t-os||e=vű-a||ne
!éȝ-u||šóóð-vi||e=főől-a||hi||šiir.fa̋l-os||ṡe̋t-os||e=vűű-a||ne
|-
|-
|3-NOM.SG||through-ADV||PST=fall-IND||because||floor-board-NOM.PL||sound-NOM.PL||PST=be-IND||not
|3-N.s||through-ADV||PST=fall-IND||because||floor.board-N.p||solid-N.p||PST=be-IND||not
|}
|}


9. '''ᵹoše̋pa''' - quiet and deep of sleep


::'''bą̋lu la̋ltam e-ᵹoše̋pa:'''
*'''9.''' '''ƣoše̋pa''' ग़ोस्वे॓प  - quiet and deep of sleep
::The baby slept soundly through the night.
*The baby slept soundly through the night.
 
*'''ba̋a̋lu la̋a̋tam e-ƣoše̋pa:'''
{|Class=wikitable
:{|
!bą̋l-u||la̋lt-am||e=ᵹo=še̋p-a
!ba̋a̋l-u||la̋a̋t-am||e=ƣo=še̋p-a
|-
|-
|baby-NOM.SG.||night-ACC.SG||PST=INTNS=sleep-IND
|baby-N.s||night-A.s||PST=INT=sleep-IND
|}
|}


10. '''fe̋di''' - heavy, laid on with force


::'''ša̋inu þǫslűs o fe̋do ᵹotų̋gom e-tų̋ga:'''
*'''10.''' '''fe̋di''' फे॓दि - heavy, laid on with force
::The champion gave his adversary a sound beating.
*The champion gave his adversary a sound beating.
 
*'''ša̋inu þooslűs o fe̋do ƣotűűgom e-tűűga:'''
{|Class=wikitable
:{|
!ša̋in-u||þǫsl-űs||o||fe̋do||ᵹo-tų̋g-om||e=tų̋g-a
!ša̋in-u||þoos-l-űs||o||fe̋do-Ø||ƣo=tűűg-om||e=tűűg-a
|-
|-
|champion-NOM.SG||adversary-GEN.SG||to||sound-Ø||INTNS-strike-ACC.SG||PST=strike-IND
|champion-N.s||oppose-AG-G.s||to||heavy-ABS||INT=hit-A.s||PST=hit-IND
|}
|}


11. '''þę̋xi''' - founded in law, legal, valid
::'''zɔ̋ðlu nąlős túȝa þę̋xo ȝőɱom űda:'''
::The farmer has a sound title to the land.


{|Class=wikitable
*'''11.''' '''þe̋e̋xi''' थै॓क़ि - founded in law, legal, valid
!zɔ̋ðl-u||nąl-ős||túȝa||þę̋xo||ȝőɱ-om||űd-a
*The farmer has a sound title to the land.
*'''zɔ̋ðlu naalős túȝa þe̋e̋xo ȝőm̃om űða:'''
:{|
!zɔ̋ð-l-u||naal-ős||túȝa||þe̋e̋xo-Ø||ȝőm̃-om||űð-a
|-
|-
|farmer-NOM.SG||land-GEN.SG||to||sound-ABS||title-ACC.SG||have-IND
|farm-AG-N.s||land-G.s||with.respect.to||founded-ABS||law-A.s||possess-IND
|}
|}
[[Senjecas - steep]]

Latest revision as of 07:06, 10 September 2024

Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
 riisűko
(dental) 		muitűko
(alveolar) 		vainűko
(palatal) 		ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प) 		nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
 b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ɔ o u ĭı ĕɛ ŭy
प
 ब फ भ म़ म त द थ ध ल़ ल च ज स स़ र न क ग क़ ग़ ह य स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी 		ए एै
पे पै 		अ आ
प पा 		ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ 		ओ औ
पो पौ 		उ ऊ
पु पू 		पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural ABL = ablative suffix COL = collective F = feminine INT = intensive prefix PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective) DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative LAT = lative suffix PST = past TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FUT = future LOC = locative suffix REV = reversive VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AG = agent ELIS = elision IMP = imperative M = masculine Q = interrogative particle YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELT = elative INC = inchoative OCC = occupation suffix QUOT = direct quotation
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis IND = indicative PP = patient (past) participle RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive

Verb

  • 1. ðűűpa धू॓प - said of a whale diving
  • Look out! The whale is sounding.
  • ze̋e̋me: aƣne̋ƣe ðűűpa:
ze̋e̋m-e aƣne̋ƣ-e ðűűp-a
beware-IMP whale-N.s dive-IND


  • 2. sa̋pa स॓प - ascertain, examine, try, test, probe
  • When I sounded him (out), he was in favor of the sale.
  • mús éȝum e-sapantűs—fa̋a̋ram e-me̋e̋ƣa:
m-ús éȝ-um e=sap-a-nt-űs fa̋a̋r-am e=me̋e̋ƣ-a
1s-G 3-A.s PST-test-IND-AP-G.s sale-A.s PST=favor-IND


  • 3. me̋a मे॓अ - ascertain the depth of water with a device
  • Mariners would sound the depth of the water with a weighted rope.
  • na̋a̋m̃lus te̋laþo ðuuős xéma hurős ṡa̋ltam e-me̋a:
na̋a̋m̃-l-us te̋l-a-þo-Ø ðuu-ős xéma hur-ős ṡa̋lt-am e=me̋-a
sail-AG-N.s weigh-IND-PP-ABS rope-G.s with water-G.s depth-A.s PST=measure-IND


Noun

  • 4. še̋no स्वे॓नो - sensation perceived by the ear
  • I hear a pleasant sound coming from the house.
  • mu m̃e̋e̋som úúda ǧe̋manto la̋ro še̋nom ve̋na:
m-u m̃e̋e̋s-om úúda ǧe̋m-a-nto-Ø la̋ro-Ø še̋n-om ve̋n-a
1s-N house-A.s out.of come-IND-AP-ABS pleasant-ABS sound-A.s hear-IND


  • 5. martı̋ȝo मर्ति॓यो - a long, narrow body of water between two land masses, inlet, strait [ma̋re, sea; tı̋ȝi, adj. narrow]
  • We will cross the sound at the first light of dawn.
  • m̃us vaiƣa̋s þűnta f̨oþa̋s martı̋ȝom u-ta̋ra:
m̃-us vaiƣ-a̋s þűnta-Ø f̨oþ-a̋s martı̋ȝ-om u=ta̋r-a
1p-N dawn-G.s first-ABS light-G.s sound-A.s FUT=cross-IND


Adjective

  • 6. sa̋a̋ni सा॓नि - healthy
  • He bought a sound horse for plowing.
  • éȝu bűzu tááda sa̋a̋ne mőrem e-sa̋a:
éȝ-u bűz-u tááda sa̋a̋ne-Ø mőr-em e=sa̋-a
3-N.s plow-SUP in.order healthy-ABS horse-A.s PST=buy-IND


  • 7. ka̋ili क॓इलि – safe and sound
  • He came home safe and sound.
  • éȝu ka̋ilu e-nőma:
éȝ-u ka̋il-u e=nőm-a
3-N.s unhurt-N.s PST=come.home-IND


  • 8. ṡe̋ti चे॓ति - complete, solid, secure
  • He fell through because the floorboards were not sound.
  • éȝu šóóðvi e-főőla—hi šiirfa̋los ṡe̋tos e-vűűa ne:
éȝ-u šóóð-vi e=főől-a hi šiir.fa̋l-os ṡe̋t-os e=vűű-a ne
3-N.s through-ADV PST=fall-IND because floor.board-N.p solid-N.p PST=be-IND not


  • 9. ƣoše̋pa ग़ोस्वे॓प - quiet and deep of sleep
  • The baby slept soundly through the night.
  • ba̋a̋lu la̋a̋tam e-ƣoše̋pa:
ba̋a̋l-u la̋a̋t-am e=ƣo=še̋p-a
baby-N.s night-A.s PST=INT=sleep-IND


  • 10. fe̋di फे॓दि - heavy, laid on with force
  • The champion gave his adversary a sound beating.
  • ša̋inu þooslűs o fe̋do ƣotűűgom e-tűűga:
ša̋in-u þoos-l-űs o fe̋do-Ø ƣo=tűűg-om e=tűűg-a
champion-N.s oppose-AG-G.s to heavy-ABS INT=hit-A.s PST=hit-IND


  • 11. þe̋e̋xi थै॓क़ि - founded in law, legal, valid
  • The farmer has a sound title to the land.
  • zɔ̋ðlu naalős túȝa þe̋e̋xo ȝőm̃om űða:
zɔ̋ð-l-u naal-ős túȝa þe̋e̋xo-Ø ȝőm̃-om űð-a
farm-AG-N.s land-G.s with.respect.to founded-ABS law-A.s possess-IND


Senjecas - steep

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