|
|
| (122 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/lexicon|Ilya dictionary]]
| | <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="inuse" style="background: #fcc; border: 1px solid #aaa; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px"> |
| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/phrases|Ilya phrases]]
| | <font size="3">'''This project has been abandoned.'''</font><br /> |
| | | </div> |
| * '''á é í ó ú'''
| | [[User:Masako|masako]] ([[User talk:Masako|talk]]) |
| = sounds = | |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;"
| |
| |+ '''consonants'''
| |
| |-
| |
| <!-- Heading row -->
| |
| !
| |
| !Bilabial
| |
| !Alveolar
| |
| !Palatal
| |
| !Velar
| |
| !Labiovelar
| |
| !Glottal
| |
| |- align="center" <!-- Stops -->
| |
| ! Plosives
| |
| | {{IPA|p b}}
| |
| | {{IPA|t d}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|k g}}
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|ʔ}} ('''q''')
| |
| |- align="center"
| |
| ! Nasals
| |
| | {{IPA|m}}
| |
| | {{IPA|n}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |- align="center"
| |
| ! Fricatives
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|s}}
| |
| | {{IPA|ʃ}} ('''sh''')
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |- align="center"
| |
| ! Approximants
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|l}}
| |
| | {{IPA|j}} ('''y''')
| |
| |
| |
| | {{IPA|w}}
| |
| | {{IPA|h}}
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Trill
| |
| |
| |
| | align="center"|{{IPA|r}}
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+vowels
| |
| !
| |
| !Front
| |
| !Central
| |
| !Back
| |
| |- style="text-align:center;"
| |
| !Close
| |
| |i || || u
| |
| |- style="text-align:center;"
| |
| !Mid
| |
| |e || || o
| |
| |- style="text-align:center;"
| |
| !Open
| |
| | || a ||
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| = grammar =
| |
| | |
| '''Ilya''' is an agglutinating language. Its vocabulary consists of basic roots which can be extended into different parts of speech, their meaning changed or modified, with various suffixes. Most of the suffixes are optional, so that there is a choice of what sort of information to convey with a given word. | |
| | |
| = verbs =
| |
| | |
| '''Ilya''' relies on verbs and their modifiers to express many subtleties of meaning, the '''Ilya''' verb can generally function as a verb, adjective, or preposition, but the rules of use are very simple.
| |
| | |
| == verb modifiers ==
| |
| | |
| * '''i-''' - reflexive [REFL]
| |
| :: '''iwagana''' - <small>REFL-1sg-see-PROG</small> - ''I see myself.''
| |
| * '''ba-''' - negative [NEG]
| |
| * '''-sh''' - past tense [PST]
| |
| * '''-é''' - interrogative [Q]
| |
| :: '''yeshgané''' - <small>2sg.OBJ-PST-see-Q</small> - ''Were you seen?''
| |
| * '''-a''' - progressive [PROG]
| |
| * '''-ó''' - habitual [HAB]
| |
| | |
| = nouns =
| |
| | |
| == noun modifiers ==
| |
| | |
| === number ===
| |
| | |
| * '''x''' - horse
| |
| * '''x''' - horses
| |
| | |
| === noun classes ===
| |
| | |
| * '''x-''' - people; places
| |
| * '''x-''' - trees; weather; natural phenomena
| |
| * '''x-''' - groups of objects; collective
| |
| * '''x-''' - tools; artifacts
| |
| * '''x-''' - body parts and functions
| |
| * '''x-''' - animals; noises
| |
| * '''x- / a-''' - abstract; null
| |
| | |
| == pronouns ==
| |
| | |
| Both subject and object are marked on the verb.
| |
| | |
| * '''wa-''' - first person singular
| |
| * '''ha(n)-''' - first person plural
| |
| * '''ya-''' - second person singular
| |
| * '''(q)a-''' - second person plural
| |
| | |
| === prefixes ===
| |
| | |
| There are no personal pronouns - they aren’t needed, since persons are indicated on the verb. There are a limited number of deictics and quantifiers:
| |
| | |
| * '''ku-''' - this
| |
| * '''shu-''' - that (by you)
| |
| * '''u-''' - that (over there); other; another
| |
| * '''wi-''' - same; the same
| |
| * '''ni-''' - each; every
| |
| * '''le-''' - some
| |
| * '''ba-''' - none
| |
| | |
| = adpositions =
| |
| | |
| == locative affixes ==
| |
| | |
| * '''x-''' - static location
| |
| * '''x-''' - inside of an object
| |
| * '''x-''' - under water
| |
| * '''x-''' - into water
| |
| * '''x-''' - on top of
| |
| * '''x-''' - under
| |
| * '''x-''' - through
| |
| * '''x-''' - out of
| |
| * '''x-''' - above or over
| |
| * '''x-''' - in the air
| |
| * '''x-''' - across
| |
| <br>
| |
| * '''x-''' - on / at / away from
| |
| * '''x-''' - along / back to
| |
| * '''x-''' - over there
| |
| * '''x-''' - to / towards
| |
