Senjecas horticulture: Difference between revisions

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{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
<font size = 4>
! &nbsp;
 
!Bilabial
==Pronunciation table==
!Dental
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
!Alveolar
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
!Palatal
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
|
|
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
|
|
! colspan="2" |
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
|
|
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
|-
|-
|'''Plosives'''
! <center>p</center>
| align=center | p /p/
! b
b /b/
! f
| align=center | t /t/
! v
d /d/
! m̃
| align=center | c /ʦ/
! m
ƶ /ʣ/
|
| align=center | k /c~k/
|
g /ɟ~g/
! t
! d
! þ
! ð
! ɫ
! l
|
|
! ṡ
! ż
! s
! z
! r
! n
|
|
! k
! g
! x
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
! h
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
! š
! s̨
|
|
! i
! e
! a
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
! o
! u
|
|
! ı
! ɛ
! y
|-
|-
|'''Spirants'''
! <center>प</center>
| align=center | f /ɸ/
! ब
v /β/
! फ
| align=center | þ /θ/
! भ
ð /ð/
! म़
| align=center | s /s/
! म
z /z/
|
| align=center | x /ç~x/
|
ᵹ /ç~ʝ
! त
! द
! थ
! ध
! ल़
! ल
|
|
! च
! ज
! स
! स़
! र
! न
|
|
! क
! ग
! क़
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
! ह
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
! स्व
! स्य
|
|
! इ ई<br>पि पी
! ए एै<br>पे पै
! अ आ<br>प पा
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
! पं
! पऺ
! पॅ
|-
|-
|'''Sonorants'''
| /p/
| align=center | ɱ /m̥/
| /b/
m /m/
| /ɸ/
| align=center | ł /l̥/
| /β/
l /l/
| /m̥/
| align=center | r /ɾ̥/
| /m/
n /n/
!
| align=center | h /ȷ̊/
!
ȝ /j/
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}


{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
! &nbsp;
!Front
!Near-front
!Central
!Near-back
!Back
|-
|'''Close'''
| align=center |i /i/
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |u /u/


|-
==Notes==
|'''Near-close'''
#''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''amvőro''', bucket + '''re̋þo''', wheel = '''ámvor̈e̋þo''', noria.
| align=center |
#''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''a̋a̋mı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' irrigate, water [< '''a̋a̋me''', flowing water].
| align=center |ı /ɪ/
#These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
| align=center |
#There are 31 root words (lemmata) of which 10 are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus 32 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.
| align=center |y /ʊ/
 
| align=center |
|-
|'''Mid'''
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |ɘ /ə/
| align=center |
| align=center |
|-
|'''Close-mid'''
| align=center |e /e/
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |o /o/
|-
|'''Open'''
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |a /a/
| align=center |
| align=center |ɔ /ɑ/
|}


==Horticulture – '''zɔðsą̋ra'''==
==Horticulture – '''zɔðsa̋a̋r̈a''' स़ॊध्सा॓र==
*'''ą̋ma''', irrigate, water
*''drv'' '''aam|ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' irrigate, water [< '''a̋a̋me''', flowing water]. '''-ȝa̋mo''', irrigation ditch, [[Wikipedia:Acequia|acequia]]. [< '''ȝa̋mo''', ditch]. '''-re̋þo''', water wheel [< '''re̋þo''', wheel].
::'''ąmȝa̋mo''', irrigation ditch, acequia
*001 '''aiṡa̋no''', ear-, head-, -of grain.
::'''ąmre̋þo''', water wheel
*''cpd'' '''ámvor̈e̋þo''', [[Wikipedia:Noria|noria]] [< '''amvőro''', bucket; '''re̋þo''', wheel].
*001 '''aica̋no''', ear-, head-, -of grain
*002 '''ba̋lo''', petal [> [[Wikipedia:Svan language|Svan]] ''<u>bal</u>e'', leaf].
*'''amvór(ɘr)e̋þo''', noria
*''drv'' '''be̋ƣı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' barn [< '''be̋ƣo''', barn].
*002 '''ba̋lo''', petal
*''cpd'' '''davmőre''', draft horse [< '''daba,''' ''t.v.'' pull; '''mőre''', horse].
*003 '''ḅűxo''', gourd
*003 '''dőrvo''', lawn, sward; grass (plot) [> English <u>turf</u>].
*004 '''cőina''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' hay. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' make hay
*004 '''ðe̋e̋n|o''', harvest of fruit. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit'']. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit''].
::'''coinkőȝo''', hay harvest
*005 '''ete̋no''', grain, cereal [> Greek ''<u>ἔτν</u>ος'', pea soup].
::'''cőinlu''', haymaker
*006 '''ga̋zo''', field [''under cultivation''], paddy [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>kaẓ</u>an_i'', field].
::'''coinvą̋ȝo ''', hayfield
*007 '''gűto''', terraced field [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Telugu]] ''<u>guṭ</u>ṭa'', hill].
::'''cőino''', hay
*008 '''ȝa̋a̋n|a''', harrow [> Japanese ''<u>un</u>é'' うね, furrow]. '''-lo''', harrow.
::'''coinrų̋o''', hay-, -stack, -rick
*009 '''kő|da''', ''t.v.'' cut with a sickle [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>koḍ</u>avali'', sickle]. '''-ðlo''', sickle.
::'''coincűro''', hayrack
*010 '''kő|ȝo''', harvest [> [[Wikipedia:Tulu language|Tulu]] ''<u>koi</u>lụ'', harvest]. '''-ilu''', harvester. '''-isa̋rno''', harvest festival. '''-ȝa''', ''i.v.'' harvest. '''-ȝa''', harvest time. '''-ȝı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' harvest, garner.
::'''cőinlo''', hay-, pitch-, -fork
*011 '''le̋nðo''', uncultivated land [> English <u>land</u>].
::'''coinɱe̋ᵹo''', hay-, -wagon, -wain
*012 '''me̋e̋ƣ|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' mow, cut, reap. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' cut, reap [> English after<u>ma</u>th]. '''-lo''', scythe. '''-lu''', mower, reaper. '''-o''', mowing, math.
*'''davmőre''', draft horse
*013 '''me̋e̋zo''', plow handle [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>mēẓ</u>i'', plow handle].
*005 '''ðę̋na''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit'']. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit'']
*''cpd'' '''mes|tőőpo''', vineyard, vinery, grapery [< '''me̋si''', grape; '''tőőpo''', grove ]. '''-le̋so''', vintage [< '''le̋sa''', ''t.v.'' glean]. '''-ort=a̋a̋gu''', vinedresser [< '''őrti''', vine; '''-a̋a̋gu''', ''nominal agent suffix'']. '''=i''', grape vine.
::'''ðę̋no''', harvest of fruit
*''cpd'' '''muulm̃ı̋po''', planting stick  [< '''műűli''', plant; '''m̃ı̋po''', pointed stick].
*006 '''ete̋no''', grain, cereal
*014 '''m̃őɫno''', plowshare [> English <u>vom</u>er].
*007 '''ga̋zo''', field [''under cultivation''], paddy
*015 '''ne̋i|ka''', ''t.v.'' winnow [> Lithuanian ''<u>niek</u>ṓti'', winnow]. '''-xlo''', winnowing fan. '''-xlu''', winnower.
*008 '''ge̋ba''' ''t.v.'' husk
*016 '''nőőp|a''', ''t.v.'' sheave [> Latin ''<u>nap</u>ura'', straw rope]. '''-o''', sheaf.
::'''ge̋bo''', husk
*017 '''n̨e̋e̋m|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.''  thresh, flail, swingle, scutch. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' thresh, flail, swingle [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]], ''<u>nēm</u>pu'', winnow]. '''-da̋ro''', threshing floor. '''-lo''', swingle, scutch, flail. '''-nőrto''', threshing sledge.
*009 '''gere̋zðo''', awn, beard, arista
*018 '''pa̋lm̃o''', chaff [> Latin ''<u>pal</u>ea'', chaff].
*010 '''ȝą̋na''', harrow
*019 '''pa̋a̋þ|o''', garden. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' garden [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>pād</u>u'', garden plot]. '''-lu''', gardener.
::'''ȝą̋nlo''', harrow
*020 '''ƣa̋|na''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' plow, till, furrow, plow, turn-,-up; channel. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' plow, furrow [> Georgian ''<u>xan</u>-'', plow]. '''-nlo''', plow, moldboard. '''-nlu''', plowman. '''-n̈a̋a̋lo''', arable land. '''-nsı̋ı̋mlo''', colter. '''-n̨i''', ''adj.'' arable, plowable.
*011 '''ką̋sa''', ''i.v.'' bear fruit
*021 '''re̋im̃|o''', furrow [> Lithuanian ''<u>raiv</u>ē̃'', furrow]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' furrow.
::'''ką̋so''', fruit
*022 '''re̋u|ki''', weed. '''-kı̋d̨a''', weed [> Latin ''<u>runc</u>āre'', weed]. '''-xri''', ''adj.'' weedy.
*012 '''ka̋nro''', sapling
*023 '''sa̋|s̨a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' crop, produce, yield, give off. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' crop, produce, yield [> Sanskrit ''<u>sas</u>yá'' सस्य, grain]. '''–sɪra''', production. '''–s̨i''', ''adj.'' productive. '''-s̨o''', crop, produce, yield, output.
*'''kőda''', ''t.v.'' cut with a sickle
*024 '''se̋e̋|a''', ''t.v.'' sow [> English <u>so</u>w]. '''-lu''', sower.
::'''kőðlo''', sickle
*025 '''ṡőin|o''', hay [> Lithuanian ''<u>šien</u>as'', hay]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' hay. '''–kőȝo''', hay harvest. '''-lo''', hay-, pitch-, -fork. '''-lu''', haymaker. '''-m̃e̋ƣo''', hay-, -wagon, -wain. '''-rűűo''', hay-, -stack, -rick. '''-ṡűro''', hayrack. '''-va̋a̋ȝo''', hayfield.
*013 '''kőȝa''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' harvest. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' harvest
*026 '''tőőpo''', orchard, grove [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>tōp</u>pu'', grove].
::'''kőilu''', harvester
*027 '''tőƣ|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' hoe. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' hoe [> [[Wikipedia:Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]] ''<u>tox</u>-'', hoe]. '''-lo''', hoe.
::'''kőȝa''', harvest time
*028 '''-va̋a̋ȝo''', ''suffix indicating a crop field'' [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>vay</u>al'', agricultural tract].
::'''kőȝo''', harvest
*029 '''va̋rƣo''', hay loft [> Middle Low German ''<u>barg</u>'', shed without walls].
::'''koisa̋rno''', harvest festival
*030 '''zɔ̋|da''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' grow, cultivate [''plants''], farm, raise. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' farm [> Georgian ''<u>zrd</u>is'', grow]. '''–do''', growth. '''-ðda̋r=ko''', small farm, steading. '''=o''', farm. '''-ðlu''', grower, cultivator, farmer. '''-ðm̃e̋e̋so''', farmhouse, steading. '''-ðm̃i''', ''adj''. agrarian. '''-ðra''', growth, cultivation. '''-ðsa̋a̋r̈=a''', horticulture, husbandry, farming. '''=i''', ''adj.'' horticultural.
*014 '''k̬ą̋lso''', ear [''of cereal'']
*031 '''ża̋p|o''', mattock [> Mongolian ''<u>ǯeb</u>seg'', tool]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' work with a mattock. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' work [''with a mattock''].
*015 '''le̋nðo''',uncultivated land
*016 '''mę̋a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' mow, cut, reap. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' cut, reap
::'''mę̋o''', mowing, math
::'''mę̋lo''', scythe
::'''męlu''', mower, reaper
*017 '''mę̋zo''', plow handle
*'''mestǫ̋po''', vineyard, vinery, grapery
::'''mesle̋so''', vintage
::'''mésortą̋gu''', vinedresser
::'''mesőrto''', grape vine
*018 '''mőrko''', tuber
::'''mőrki''', ''adj.'' tuberous
*019 '''ɱőłno''', plowshare
*020 '''na̋ili''',seedling, sprout
*021 '''ne̋ika''', ''t.v.'' winnow
::'''ne̋ixlo''', winnowing fan
::'''neixlu''', winnower
*022 '''nǫ̋pa''', ''t.v.'' sheave
::'''nǫ̋po''', sheaf
*023 '''ṅę̋ma''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' thresh, flail, swingle, scutch. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' thresh, flail, swingle
::'''ṅęmda̋ro''', threshing floor
::'''ṅęmnőrto''', threshing sledge
::'''ṅę̋mlo''', swingle, scutch, flail
*024 '''pą̋lo''', pod
*'''pąlsę̋o''', legume
*025 '''pa̋lɱo''', chaff
*026 '''pą̋þa''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' garden. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' garden
::'''pąþlu''', gardener
::'''pą̋þo''', garden
*027 '''ᵹa̋na''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' plow, till, furrow, plow, turn-,-up; channel. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' plow, furrow
::'''ᵹan(ɘn)ą̋lo''', arable land
::'''ᵹa̋nlo''', plow, moldboard
::'''ᵹa̋nlu''', plowman
::'''ᵹa̋ṅi''', ''adj.'' arable, plowable
::'''ᵹansı̨̋mlo''', colter
*028 '''re̋iɱa''', ''t.v.'' furrow
::'''re̋iɱo''', furrow
*029 '''re̋uka''', weed
::'''re̋uki''', weed
::'''re̋uxri''', ''adj.'' weedy
*030 '''sę̋a''', ''t.v.'' sow
::'''sęlu''', sower
::'''sę̋o''', seed, pip
*031 '''tavı̋do''', bran
*032 '''tǫ̋po''', orchard, grove
*033 '''tőka''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' hoe. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' hoe
::'''tőxlo''', hoe
*034 '''-vą̋ȝo''', ''suffix indicating a crop field''
*035 '''va̋rᵹo, hay loft
*036 '''vedı̋ri, bamboo
*037 ''' zɔ̋da''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' grow, cultivate [''plants''], farm, raise. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' farm
::'''zɔ̋da''', growth, cultivation
::'''zɔðda̋ro''', garden, farm
::'''zɔ̋ðlu''', grower, cultivator, farmer
::'''zɔ́ðdarą̋gu''', gardener
::'''zɔðda̋rlo''' small farm, steading
::'''zɔðɱę̋so''', farmhouse, steading
::'''zɔ̋ðɱi''', ''adj.'' agrarian
::'''zɔðsą̋ra''', horticulture, husbandry, farming
::'''zɔðsą̋ri''', ''adj.'' horticultural
::'''zɔ̋do''', growth
*038 '''ƶa̋pa''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' work [''with a mattock'']. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' work with a mattock
::'''ƶa̋flo''', mattock

Latest revision as of 10:03, 24 September 2024


Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
riisűko
(dental)
muitűko
(alveolar)
vainűko
(palatal)
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प)
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
b f v m t d þ ð ɫ l ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
म़ ल़ स़ क़ ग़ स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी
ए एै
पे पै
अ आ
प पा
ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ
ओ औ
पो पौ
उ ऊ
पु पू
पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Notes

  1. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., amvőro, bucket + re̋þo, wheel = ámvor̈e̋þo, noria.
  2. drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., a̋a̋mı̋d̨a, t.v. irrigate, water [< a̋a̋me, flowing water].
  3. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
  4. There are 31 root words (lemmata) of which 10 are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus 32 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.


Horticulture – zɔðsa̋a̋r̈a स़ॊध्सा॓र

  • drv aam|ı̋d̨a, t.v. irrigate, water [< a̋a̋me, flowing water]. -ȝa̋mo, irrigation ditch, acequia. [< ȝa̋mo, ditch]. -re̋þo, water wheel [< re̋þo, wheel].
  • 001 aiṡa̋no, ear-, head-, -of grain.
  • cpd ámvor̈e̋þo, noria [< amvőro, bucket; re̋þo, wheel].
  • 002 ba̋lo, petal [> Svan bale, leaf].
  • drv be̋ƣı̋d̨a, t.v. barn [< be̋ƣo, barn].
  • cpd davmőre, draft horse [< daba, t.v. pull; mőre, horse].
  • 003 dőrvo, lawn, sward; grass (plot) [> English turf].
  • 004 ðe̋e̋n|o, harvest of fruit. -a, i.v. produce [a crop of fruit]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. produce [a crop of fruit].
  • 005 ete̋no, grain, cereal [> Greek ἔτνος, pea soup].
  • 006 ga̋zo, field [under cultivation], paddy [> Tamil kaẓan_i, field].
  • 007 gűto, terraced field [> Telugu guṭṭa, hill].
  • 008 ȝa̋a̋n|a, harrow [> Japanese uné うね, furrow]. -lo, harrow.
  • 009 kő|da, t.v. cut with a sickle [> Telugu koḍavali, sickle]. -ðlo, sickle.
  • 010 kő|ȝo, harvest [> Tulu koilụ, harvest]. -ilu, harvester. -isa̋rno, harvest festival. -ȝa, i.v. harvest. -ȝa, harvest time. -ȝı̋d̨a, t.v. harvest, garner.
  • 011 le̋nðo, uncultivated land [> English land].
  • 012 me̋e̋ƣ|a, 1. t.v. mow, cut, reap. 2. i.v. cut, reap [> English aftermath]. -lo, scythe. -lu, mower, reaper. -o, mowing, math.
  • 013 me̋e̋zo, plow handle [> Tamil mēẓi, plow handle].
  • cpd mes|tőőpo, vineyard, vinery, grapery [< me̋si, grape; tőőpo, grove ]. -le̋so, vintage [< le̋sa, t.v. glean]. -ort=a̋a̋gu, vinedresser [< őrti, vine; -a̋a̋gu, nominal agent suffix]. =i, grape vine.
  • cpd muulm̃ı̋po, planting stick [< műűli, plant; m̃ı̋po, pointed stick].
  • 014 m̃őɫno, plowshare [> English vomer].
  • 015 ne̋i|ka, t.v. winnow [> Lithuanian niekṓti, winnow]. -xlo, winnowing fan. -xlu, winnower.
  • 016 nőőp|a, t.v. sheave [> Latin napura, straw rope]. -o, sheaf.
  • 017 n̨e̋e̋m|a, 1. t.v. thresh, flail, swingle, scutch. 2. i.v. thresh, flail, swingle [> Tamil, nēmpu, winnow]. -da̋ro, threshing floor. -lo, swingle, scutch, flail. -nőrto, threshing sledge.
  • 018 pa̋lm̃o, chaff [> Latin palea, chaff].
  • 019 pa̋a̋þ|o, garden. -a, i.v. garden [> Tamil pādu, garden plot]. -lu, gardener.
  • 020 ƣa̋|na, 1. t.v. plow, till, furrow, plow, turn-,-up; channel. 2. i.v. plow, furrow [> Georgian xan-, plow]. -nlo, plow, moldboard. -nlu, plowman. -n̈a̋a̋lo, arable land. -nsı̋ı̋mlo, colter. -n̨i, adj. arable, plowable.
  • 021 re̋im̃|o, furrow [> Lithuanian raivē̃, furrow]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. furrow.
  • 022 re̋u|ki, weed. -kı̋d̨a, weed [> Latin runcāre, weed]. -xri, adj. weedy.
  • 023 sa̋|s̨a, 1. t.v. crop, produce, yield, give off. 2. i.v. crop, produce, yield [> Sanskrit sas सस्य, grain]. –sɪra, production. –s̨i, adj. productive. -s̨o, crop, produce, yield, output.
  • 024 se̋e̋|a, t.v. sow [> English sow]. -lu, sower.
  • 025 ṡőin|o, hay [> Lithuanian šienas, hay]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. hay. –kőȝo, hay harvest. -lo, hay-, pitch-, -fork. -lu, haymaker. -m̃e̋ƣo, hay-, -wagon, -wain. -rűűo, hay-, -stack, -rick. -ṡűro, hayrack. -va̋a̋ȝo, hayfield.
  • 026 tőőpo, orchard, grove [> Tamil tōppu, grove].
  • 027 tőƣ|a, 1. t.v. hoe. 2. i.v. hoe [> Mingrelian tox-, hoe]. -lo, hoe.
  • 028 -va̋a̋ȝo, suffix indicating a crop field [> Tamil vayal, agricultural tract].
  • 029 va̋rƣo, hay loft [> Middle Low German barg, shed without walls].
  • 030 zɔ̋|da, 1. t.v. grow, cultivate [plants], farm, raise. 2. i.v. farm [> Georgian zrdis, grow]. –do, growth. -ðda̋r=ko, small farm, steading. =o, farm. -ðlu, grower, cultivator, farmer. -ðm̃e̋e̋so, farmhouse, steading. -ðm̃i, adj. agrarian. -ðra, growth, cultivation. -ðsa̋a̋r̈=a, horticulture, husbandry, farming. =i, adj. horticultural.
  • 031 ża̋p|o, mattock [> Mongolian ǯebseg, tool]. -a, i.v. work with a mattock. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. work [with a mattock].