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| = Introduction and Morphology =
| | <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="inuse" style="background: #fcc; border: 1px solid #aaa; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px"> |
| | | <font size="3">'''This project has been abandoned.'''</font><br /> |
| * '''Ilya''' is an agglutinative language.
| | </div> |
| * Suffixes predominate '''Ilya''' morphology, though there is a small number of prefixes. Verbs can express tense and aspect, and they agree with the subject in person and number. There is no grammatical gender in '''Ilya''', nor are pronouns marked for natural gender.
| | [[User:Masako|masako]] ([[User talk:Masako|talk]]) |
| | |
| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/lexicon|Ilya dictionary]]
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| = Phonology =
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| === consonants ===
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| |+Ilya consonants
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| !
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Labial'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Alveolar'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Post-<br>alveolar'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Palatal'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Velar'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Glottal'''
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| |-
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| ! '''Nasal'''
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|m
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|n
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |-
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| ! '''Stop'''
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|p||style="border-left: 0;"|b
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|t||style="border-left: 0;"|d
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|k||style="border-left: 0;"|ɡ
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |-
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| ! '''Affricate'''
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|t͡s||style="border-left: 0;"|
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|t͡ʃ||style="border-left: 0;"|
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |-
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| ! '''Fricative'''
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|f||style="border-left: 0;"|v
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|s||style="border-left: 0;"|z
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|ʃ||style="border-left: 0;"|ʒ
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|h||style="border-left: 0;"|
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| |-
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| ! '''Approximant'''
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|l
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|j
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|w
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |-
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| ! '''Flap'''
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|ɾ
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |}
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| | |
| === vowels ===
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| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| !
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| !'''Front'''
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| !'''Central'''
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| !'''Back
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !'''Close'''
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| |i~ɪ || || u~ʊ
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !'''Mid'''
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| |e~ɛ || || o~ɔ
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !'''Open'''
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| | || a~ə ||
| |
| |}
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| * '''ai''' - /aɪ/
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| == Orthography & Allophony ==
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| | |
| * '''Ilya''' uses 23 of the 26 letters in the English alphabet; ''q'', ''w'', and ''x'' are unused.
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| * '''c''' - /ʃ/; /t͡ʃ/ when followed by a front vowel; /t͡s/ when word final
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| * '''g''' - always /g/
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| * '''h''' - can be /ɦ/ when followed by a front vowel
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| * '''j''' - /ʒ/ in all cases; can be /dʒ/ in proper names
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| * '''u''' - /u/ but /w/ when followed by another vowel
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| * '''y''' - always /j/
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| = Syntax =
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| = Nouns =
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| Nouns are commonly preceded by determiners. Plural nouns are formed by appending '''''-m''''' to nouns ending in vowels or '''''-im''''' to nouns ending in consonants. This does not alter the stress:
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| *''doma > doma'''m''''' — house > houses
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| *''ajen > ajen'''im''''' — woman > women
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| Mass nouns include liquids, powders, and substances, such as ''usu'' (water), ''-'' (sand), and ''heta'' (wood). They do not normally require determiners or the plural. However, one may add these to indicate specific examples or different types:
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| *''usu'' — the water (e.g. in the cup)
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| *''hetam'' — woods (e.g. various kinds)
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| Gender is typically not indicated. If necessary, nouns may be followed by ...:
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| *
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| *A few terms for family members and traditional roles do show distinctions of gender. For example:
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| *...
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| Apposition — the use of one noun to modify another — is mostly limited to names and titles:
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| *
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| *
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| == Case ==
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| {| class="wikitable" align=center
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Case
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| !rowspan="2"|Ending
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| !colspan="2"|Examples
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| !rowspan="2"|Meaning
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| |-
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| !''karya'' "village"
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| !''saca'' "tree"
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| |-
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| |'''Nominative'''
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| |Ø (none)
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |(the) village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Genitive'''
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| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |the village's/tree's<br />of the village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Dative'''
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| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |to the village/tree
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| |- | |
| |'''Accusative''' | |
| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |the village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Ablative'''
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| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |from the village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Locative'''
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| |''-da''
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| |''karyada''
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| |''saceda''
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| |in the village/on the tree
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| |}
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| | |
| = Determiners =
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| = Pronouns =
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| * '''Ilya''' is a null-subject, or pro-drop, language, so personal pronouns (e.g. I, he, she) are optional. Pronouns generally are the same for all cases.
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| | |
| {| class="wikitable" align=center
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| |+Pronouns
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| |-
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| |-
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| ! Person !! Singular !! Plural
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| |-
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| ! 1st
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| | na || nuk
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| |-
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| ! 2nd
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| | te || tum
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| |-
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| ! 3rd
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| | il || hum
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| |}
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| = Verbs =
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| == Tense ==
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| == Aspect ==
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| == Mood ==
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| = Adjectives =
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| = Adverbs =
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| = Adpositions =
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| = Conunctions =
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| = Questions =
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| = Clauses =
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| = Numbers =
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