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| = Introduction and Morphology =
| | <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="inuse" style="background: #fcc; border: 1px solid #aaa; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px"> |
| | | <font size="3">'''This project has been abandoned.'''</font><br /> |
| * '''Ilya''' is an agglutinative language.
| | </div> |
| * Suffixes predominate '''Ilya''' morphology, though there is a small number of prefixes. Verbs can express tense and aspect, and they agree with the subject in person and number. There is no grammatical gender in '''Ilya''', nor are pronouns marked for natural gender.
| | [[User:Masako|masako]] ([[User talk:Masako|talk]]) |
| | |
| * ''See also'': [[Ilya/lexicon|Ilya dictionary]]
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| | |
| = Phonology =
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| | |
| == consonants ==
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| |+Ilya consonants
| |
| !
| |
| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Labial'''
| |
| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Alveolar'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Post-<br>alveolar'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Palatal'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Velar'''
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| ! colspan=2 Width=13% | '''Glottal'''
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| |-
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| ! '''Nasal'''
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|m
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|n
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |-
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| ! '''Stop'''
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|p||style="border-left: 0;"|b
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| |style="border-right: 0;"|t||style="border-left: 0;"|d
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|k||style="border-left: 0;"|ɡ
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |-
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| ! '''Affricate'''
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|t͡s||style="border-left: 0;"|
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|t͡ʃ||style="border-left: 0;"|
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |-
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| ! '''Fricative'''
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|f||style="border-left: 0;"|v
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|s||style="border-left: 0;"|z
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|ʃ||style="border-left: 0;"|ʒ
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"|h||style="border-left: 0;"|
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| |-
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| ! '''Approximant'''
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|l
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|j
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|w
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |-
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| ! '''Flap'''
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| | colspan=2 |
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| |style="border-right: 0;"| ||style="border-left: 0;"|ɾ
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
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| | colspan=2 |
| |
| | colspan=2 |
| |
| |}
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| | |
| == vowels ==
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| !
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| !'''Front'''
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| !'''Central'''
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| !'''Back
| |
| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !'''Close'''
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| |i~ɪ || || u~ʊ
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !'''Mid'''
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| |e~ɛ || || o~ɔ
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| |- style="text-align:center;"
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| !'''Open'''
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| | || a~ə ||
| |
| |}
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| | |
| * '''ai''' - /aɪ/
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| = Syntax =
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| = Nouns =
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| Nouns are commonly preceded by determiners. Plural nouns are formed by appending '''''-m''''' to nouns ending in vowels or '''''-im''''' to nouns ending in consonants. This does not alter the stress:
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| *''doma > doma'''m''''' — house > houses
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| *''ajen > ajen'''im''''' — woman > women
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| | |
| Mass nouns include liquids, powders, and substances, such as ''usu'' (water), ''-'' (sand), and ''heta'' (wood). They do not normally require determiners or the plural. However, one may add these to indicate specific examples or different types:
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| *''usu'' — the water (e.g. in the cup)
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| *''hetam'' — woods (e.g. various kinds)
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| | |
| Gender is typically not indicated. If necessary, nouns may be followed by ...:
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| *
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| | |
| *A few terms for family members and traditional roles do show distinctions of gender. For example:
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| *...
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| | |
| Apposition — the use of one noun to modify another — is mostly limited to names and titles:
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| *
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| *
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| | |
| == Case ==
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" align=center
| |
| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Case
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| !rowspan="2"|Ending
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| !colspan="2"|Examples
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| !rowspan="2"|Meaning
| |
| |-
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| !''karya'' "village"
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| !''saca'' "tree"
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| |-
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| |'''Nominative'''
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| |Ø (none)
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |(the) village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Genitive'''
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| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |the village's/tree's<br />of the village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Dative'''
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| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |to the village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Accusative'''
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| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |the village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Ablative'''
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| |''-xx''
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| |''zz''
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| |''zz''
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| |from the village/tree
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| |-
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| |'''Locative'''
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| |''-da''
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| |''karyada''
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| |''sacada''
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| |in the village/on the tree
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| = Determiners =
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| | |
| = Pronouns =
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| | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#f9f9f9; border:1px gray solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%; vertical-align:center;"
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| | colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background:white;border-top:2px white solid;border-right:1px solid gray;border-bottom:1px solid gray;border-left:2px white solid;"|
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| | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#9fb6cd;"|<big>'''Number'''</big>
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| |- style="text-align:center; background:#b9d3ee;"
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| ||'''''Singular'''''
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| ||'''''Plural'''''
| |
| |-
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| | rowspan=3 style="background:#9FB6CD"|<big>'''Person'''</big>
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| | style="text-align:center; background:#b9d3ee;"|'''''First'''''
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| |na
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| |nuk
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| |-
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| | style="text-align:center; background:#b9d3ee;"|'''''Second'''''
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| |te
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| |tum
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| |-
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| | style="text-align:center; background:#b9d3ee;"|'''''Third'''''
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| |il
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| |hum
| |
| |}
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| | |
| = Verbs =
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| == Tense ==
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| | |
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| == Aspect ==
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| == Mood ==
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| = Adjectives =
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| = Adverbs =
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| = Adpositions =
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| = Conunctions =
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| = Questions =
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| = Clauses =
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| = Numbers =
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