Senjecas horticulture: Difference between revisions

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{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
<font size = 4>
! &nbsp;
 
!Bilabial
==Pronunciation table==
!Dental
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
!Alveolar
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
!Palatal
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
|
|
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
|
|
! colspan="2" |
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
|
|
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
|-
|-
|'''Plosives'''
! <center>p</center>
| align=center | p /p/
! b
b /b/
! f
| align=center | t /t/
! v
d /d/
! m̃
| align=center | c /ʦ/
! m
ƶ /ʣ/
|
| align=center | k /c~k/
|
g /ɟ~g/
! t
! d
! þ
! ð
! ɫ
! l
|
|
! ṡ
! ż
! s
! z
! r
! n
|
|
! k
! g
! x
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
! h
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
! š
! s̨
|
|
! i
! e
! a
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
! o
! u
|
|
! ı
! ɛ
! y
|-
|-
|'''Spirants'''
! <center>प</center>
| align=center | f /ɸ/
! ब
v /β/
! फ
| align=center | þ /θ/
! भ
ð /ð/
! म़
| align=center | s /s/
! म
z /z/
|
| align=center | x /ç~x/
|
ᵹ /ç~ʝ
! त
! द
! थ
! ध
! ल़
! ल
|
|
! च
! ज
! स
! स़
! र
! न
|
|
! क
! ग
! क़
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
! ह
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
! स्व
! स्य
|
|
! इ ई<br>पि पी
! ए एै<br>पे पै
! अ आ<br>प पा
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
! पं
! पऺ
! पॅ
|-
|-
|'''Sonorants'''
| /p/
| align=center | ɱ /m̥/
| /b/
m /m/
| /ɸ/
| align=center | ł /l̥/
| /β/
l /l/
| /m̥/
| align=center | r /ɾ̥/
| /m/
n /n/
!
| align=center | h /ȷ̊/
!
ȝ /j/
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}


{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
! &nbsp;
!Front
!Near-front
!Central
!Near-back
!Back
|-
|'''Close'''
| align=center | i /i/
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |u /u/


|-
==Notes==
|'''Near-close'''
#''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''amvőro''', bucket + '''re̋þo''', wheel = '''ámvor̈e̋þo''', noria.
| align=center |
#''drv'' = a word derived from a root, ''e.g.'', '''a̋a̋mı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' irrigate, water [< '''a̋a̋me''', flowing water].
| align=center | ı /ɪ/
#These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
| align=center |
#There are 31 root words (lemmata) of which 10 are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus 32 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.
| align=center |y /ʊ/
| align=center |
|-
|'''Mid'''
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |ɘ /ə/
| align=center |
| align=center |
|-
|'''Close-mid'''
| align=center |e /e/
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |o /o/
|-
|'''Open'''
| align=center |a /a/
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |ɔ /ɑ/
|}


==Horticulture – '''zɔðsą̋ra'''==


*'''ą̋ma''', irrigate, water
==Horticulture – '''zɔðsa̋a̋r̈a''' स़ॊध्सा॓र==
::'''ąmȝa̋mo''', irrigation ditch, acequia
*''drv'' '''aam|ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' irrigate, water [< '''a̋a̋me''', flowing water]. '''-ȝa̋mo''', irrigation ditch, [[Wikipedia:Acequia|acequia]]. [< '''ȝa̋mo''', ditch]. '''-re̋þo''', water wheel [< '''re̋þo''', wheel].
::'''ąmre̋þo''', water wheel
*001 '''aiṡa̋no''', ear-, head-, -of grain.
*001 '''aica̋no''', ear-, head-, -of grain
*''cpd'' '''ámvor̈e̋þo''', [[Wikipedia:Noria|noria]] [< '''amvőro''', bucket; '''re̋þo''', wheel].
*'''amvór(ɘr)e̋þo, noria
*002 '''ba̋lo''', petal [> [[Wikipedia:Svan language|Svan]] ''<u>bal</u>e'', leaf].
*002 '''ba̋lo''', petal
*''drv'' '''be̋ƣı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' barn [< '''be̋ƣo''', barn].
*003 '''be̋ᵹa''', ''t.v.'' store in a barn
*''cpd'' '''davmőre''', draft horse [< '''daba,''' ''t.v.'' pull; '''mőre''', horse].
::'''be̋ᵹo''', '''barn'''
*003 '''dőrvo''', lawn, sward; grass (plot) [> English <u>turf</u>].
*004 '''ḅűxo''', gourd
*004 '''ðe̋e̋n|o''', harvest of fruit. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit'']. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit''].
*005 '''cőina''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' hay. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' make hay
*005 '''ete̋no''', grain, cereal [> Greek ''<u>ἔτν</u>ος'', pea soup].
::'''coinkőȝo''', hay harvest
*006 '''ga̋zo''', field [''under cultivation''], paddy [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>kaẓ</u>an_i'', field].
::'''cőinlu''', haymaker
*007 '''gűto''', terraced field [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Telugu]] ''<u>guṭ</u>ṭa'', hill].
::'''cóinɱerőno''', hayfield
*008 '''ȝa̋a̋n|a''', harrow [> Japanese ''<u>un</u>é'' うね, furrow]. '''-lo''', harrow.
::'''cőino''', hay
*009 '''kő|da''', ''t.v.'' cut with a sickle [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>koḍ</u>avali'', sickle]. '''-ðlo''', sickle.
::'''coinrų̋o''', hay-, -stack, -rick
*010 '''kő|ȝo''', harvest [> [[Wikipedia:Tulu language|Tulu]] ''<u>koi</u>lụ'', harvest]. '''-ilu''', harvester. '''-isa̋rno''', harvest festival. '''-ȝa''', ''i.v.'' harvest. '''-ȝa''', harvest time. '''-ȝı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' harvest, garner.
::'''coincűro''', hayrack
*011 '''le̋nðo''', uncultivated land [> English <u>land</u>].
::''' cőinlo''', hay-, pitch-, -fork
*012 '''me̋e̋ƣ|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' mow, cut, reap. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' cut, reap [> English after<u>ma</u>th]. '''-lo''', scythe. '''-lu''', mower, reaper. '''-o''', mowing, math.
::'''coinɱe̋ᵹo''', hay-, -wagon, -wain
*013 '''me̋e̋zo''', plow handle [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>mēẓ</u>i'', plow handle].
*'''davmőre''', draft horse
*''cpd'' '''mes|tőőpo''', vineyard, vinery, grapery [< '''me̋si''', grape; '''tőőpo''', grove ]. '''-le̋so''', vintage [< '''le̋sa''', ''t.v.'' glean]. '''-ort=a̋a̋gu''', vinedresser [< '''őrti''', vine; '''-a̋a̋gu''', ''nominal agent suffix'']. '''=i''', grape vine.
*006 '''ðę̋na''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit'']. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' produce [''a crop of fruit'']
*''cpd'' '''muulm̃ı̋po''', planting stick  [< '''műűli''', plant; '''m̃ı̋po''', pointed stick].
::'''ðę̋no''', harvest of fruit
*014 '''m̃őɫno''', plowshare [> English <u>vom</u>er].
*007 '''ete̋no''', grain, cereal
*015 '''ne̋i|ka''', ''t.v.'' winnow [> Lithuanian ''<u>niek</u>ṓti'', winnow]. '''-xlo''', winnowing fan. '''-xlu''', winnower.
*008 '''ga̋zo''', field [''under cultivation''], paddy
*016 '''nőőp|a''', ''t.v.'' sheave [> Latin ''<u>nap</u>ura'', straw rope]. '''-o''', sheaf.
*009 '''ge̋ba''' ''t.v.'' husk
*017 '''n̨e̋e̋m|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' thresh, flail, swingle, scutch. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' thresh, flail, swingle [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]], ''<u>nēm</u>pu'', winnow]. '''-da̋ro''', threshing floor. '''-lo''', swingle, scutch, flail. '''-nőrto''', threshing sledge.
::'''ge̋bo''', husk
*018 '''pa̋lm̃o''', chaff [> Latin ''<u>pal</u>ea'', chaff].
*010 '''gere̋zðo''', awn, beard, arista
*019 '''pa̋a̋þ|o''', garden. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' garden [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>pād</u>u'', garden plot]. '''-lu''', gardener.
*011 '''he̋la''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' plow, till, furrow, plow, turn-,-up; channel. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' plow, furrow.
*020 '''ƣa̋|na''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' plow, till, furrow, plow, turn-,-up; channel. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' plow, furrow [> Georgian ''<u>xan</u>-'', plow]. '''-nlo''', plow, moldboard. '''-nlu''', plowman. '''-n̈a̋a̋lo''', arable land. '''-nsı̋ı̋mlo''', colter. '''-n̨i''', ''adj.'' arable, plowable.
::'''helną̋lo''', arable land
*021 '''re̋im̃|o''', furrow [> Lithuanian ''<u>raiv</u>ē̃'', furrow]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' furrow.
::'''he̋l(ɘl)o''', plow, moldboard
*022 '''re̋u|ki''', weed. '''-kı̋d̨a''', weed [> Latin ''<u>runc</u>āre'', weed]. '''-xri''', ''adj.'' weedy.
::'''he̋l(ɘl)u''', plowman
*023 '''sa̋|s̨a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' crop, produce, yield, give off. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' crop, produce, yield [> Sanskrit ''<u>sas</u>yá'' सस्य, grain]. '''–sɪra''', production. '''–s̨i''', ''adj.'' productive. '''-s̨o''', crop, produce, yield, output.
::'''he̋ḷi''', ''adj.'' arable, plowable
*024 '''se̋e̋|a''', ''t.v.'' sow [> English <u>so</u>w]. '''-lu''', sower.
::'''helsı̨̋mlo'''. colter
*025 '''ṡőin|o''', hay [> Lithuanian ''<u>šien</u>as'', hay]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' hay. '''–kőȝo''', hay harvest. '''-lo''', hay-, pitch-, -fork. '''-lu''', haymaker. '''-m̃e̋ƣo''', hay-, -wagon, -wain. '''-rűűo''', hay-, -stack, -rick. '''-ṡűro''', hayrack. '''-va̋a̋ȝo''', hayfield.
*012 '''ȝą̋na''', harrow
*026 '''tőőpo''', orchard, grove [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>tōp</u>pu'', grove].
::'''ȝą̋nlo''', harrow
*027 '''tőƣ|a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' hoe. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' hoe [> [[Wikipedia:Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]] ''<u>tox</u>-'', hoe]. '''-lo''', hoe.
*013 '''ką̋sa''', ''i.v.'' bear fruit
*028 '''-va̋a̋ȝo''', ''suffix indicating a crop field'' [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>vay</u>al'', agricultural tract].
::'''ką̋so''', fruit
*029 '''va̋rƣo''', hay loft [> Middle Low German ''<u>barg</u>'', shed without walls].
*014 '''ka̋nro''', sapling
*030 '''zɔ̋|da''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' grow, cultivate [''plants''], farm, raise. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' farm [> Georgian ''<u>zrd</u>is'', grow]. '''–do''', growth. '''-ðda̋r=ko''', small farm, steading. '''=o''', farm. '''-ðlu''', grower, cultivator, farmer. '''-ðm̃e̋e̋so''', farmhouse, steading. '''-ðm̃i''', ''adj''. agrarian. '''-ðra''', growth, cultivation. '''-ðsa̋a̋r̈=a''', horticulture, husbandry, farming. '''=i''', ''adj.'' horticultural.
*015 '''kőda''', ''t.v.'' cut with a sickle
*031 '''ża̋p|o''', mattock [> Mongolian ''<u>ǯeb</u>seg'', tool]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' work with a mattock. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' work [''with a mattock''].
::'''kőðlo''', sickle
*016 '''kőȝa''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' harvest. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' harvest
::'''kőilu''', harvester
::'''kőȝa''', harvest time
::'''kőȝo''', harvest
::'''koisa̋rno''', harvest festival
*017 '''k̬ą̋lso''', ear [''of cereal'']
*018 '''le̋nðo''',uncultivated land
*019 '''mę̋a''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' mow, cut, reap. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' cut, reap
::'''mę̋o''', mowing, math
::'''mę̋lo''', scythe
::'''męlu''', mower, reaper
*020 '''mę̋zo''', plow handle
*'''mestǫ̋po''', vineyard, vinery, grapery
::'''mesle̋so''', vintage
::'''mésortą̋gu''', vinedresser
::'''mesőrto''', grape vine
*021 '''mőrko''', tuber
::'''mőrki''', ''adj.'' tuberous
*022 '''ɱőłno''', plowshare
*023 '''na̋ili''',seedling, sprout
*024 '''ne̋ika''', ''t.v.'' winnow
::'''ne̋ixlo''', winnowing fan
::'''neixlu''', winnower
*025 '''nǫ̋pa''', ''t.v.'' sheave
::'''nǫ̋po''', sheaf
*026 '''ṅę̋ma''', '''1.''' ''t.v.''  thresh, flail, swingle, scutch. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' thresh, flail, swingle
::'''ṅęmda̋ro''', threshing floor
::'''ṅęmnőrto''', threshing sledge
::'''ṅę̋mlo''', swingle, scutch, flail
*027 '''pą̋lo''', pod
*''' pąlsę̋o''', legume
*028 '''pa̋lɱo''', chaff
*029 '''pą̋þa''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' garden. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' garden
::'''pąþlu''', gardener
::'''pą̋þo''', garden
*030 '''re̋iɱa''', ''t.v.'' furrow
::'''re̋iɱo''', furrow
*031 '''re̋uka''', weed
::'''re̋uki''', weed
::'''re̋uxri''', ''adj.'' weedy
*032 '''sę̋a''', ''t.v.'' sow
::'''sęlu''', sower
::'''sę̋o''', seed, pip
*033 '''tavı̋do''', bran
*034 '''tǫ̋po''', orchard, grove
*035 '''tőka''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' hoe. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' hoe
::'''tőxlo''', hoe
*036 '''-vą̋ȝo''', ''suffix indicating a crop field''
*037 '''va̋rᵹo''', hay loft
*038 '''vedı̋ri''', bamboo
*039 ''' zɔ̋da''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' grow, cultivate [''plants''], farm, raise. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' farm
::'''zɔ̋da''', growth, cultivation
::'''zɔðda̋ro''', garden, farm
::'''zɔðlu''', grower, cultivator, farmer
::'''zɔ́ðdarą̋gu''', gardener
::'''zɔðda̋rlo''' small farm, steading
::'''zɔðɱę̋so''', farmhouse, steading
::'''zɔ̋ðɱi''', ''adj.'' agrarian
::'''zɔðsą̋ra''', horticulture, husbandry, farming
::'''zɔðsą̋ri''', ''adj.'' horticultural
::'''zɔ̋do''', growth
*040 '''ƶa̋pa''', '''1.''' ''t.v.'' work [''with a mattock'']. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' work with a mattock
::'''ƶa̋flo''', mattock

Latest revision as of 10:03, 24 September 2024


Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
riisűko
(dental)
muitűko
(alveolar)
vainűko
(palatal)
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प)
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
b f v m t d þ ð ɫ l ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
म़ ल़ स़ क़ ग़ स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी
ए एै
पे पै
अ आ
प पा
ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ
ओ औ
पो पौ
उ ऊ
पु पू
पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Notes

  1. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., amvőro, bucket + re̋þo, wheel = ámvor̈e̋þo, noria.
  2. drv = a word derived from a root, e.g., a̋a̋mı̋d̨a, t.v. irrigate, water [< a̋a̋me, flowing water].
  3. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered.
  4. There are 31 root words (lemmata) of which 10 are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus 32 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.


Horticulture – zɔðsa̋a̋r̈a स़ॊध्सा॓र

  • drv aam|ı̋d̨a, t.v. irrigate, water [< a̋a̋me, flowing water]. -ȝa̋mo, irrigation ditch, acequia. [< ȝa̋mo, ditch]. -re̋þo, water wheel [< re̋þo, wheel].
  • 001 aiṡa̋no, ear-, head-, -of grain.
  • cpd ámvor̈e̋þo, noria [< amvőro, bucket; re̋þo, wheel].
  • 002 ba̋lo, petal [> Svan bale, leaf].
  • drv be̋ƣı̋d̨a, t.v. barn [< be̋ƣo, barn].
  • cpd davmőre, draft horse [< daba, t.v. pull; mőre, horse].
  • 003 dőrvo, lawn, sward; grass (plot) [> English turf].
  • 004 ðe̋e̋n|o, harvest of fruit. -a, i.v. produce [a crop of fruit]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. produce [a crop of fruit].
  • 005 ete̋no, grain, cereal [> Greek ἔτνος, pea soup].
  • 006 ga̋zo, field [under cultivation], paddy [> Tamil kaẓan_i, field].
  • 007 gűto, terraced field [> Telugu guṭṭa, hill].
  • 008 ȝa̋a̋n|a, harrow [> Japanese uné うね, furrow]. -lo, harrow.
  • 009 kő|da, t.v. cut with a sickle [> Telugu koḍavali, sickle]. -ðlo, sickle.
  • 010 kő|ȝo, harvest [> Tulu koilụ, harvest]. -ilu, harvester. -isa̋rno, harvest festival. -ȝa, i.v. harvest. -ȝa, harvest time. -ȝı̋d̨a, t.v. harvest, garner.
  • 011 le̋nðo, uncultivated land [> English land].
  • 012 me̋e̋ƣ|a, 1. t.v. mow, cut, reap. 2. i.v. cut, reap [> English aftermath]. -lo, scythe. -lu, mower, reaper. -o, mowing, math.
  • 013 me̋e̋zo, plow handle [> Tamil mēẓi, plow handle].
  • cpd mes|tőőpo, vineyard, vinery, grapery [< me̋si, grape; tőőpo, grove ]. -le̋so, vintage [< le̋sa, t.v. glean]. -ort=a̋a̋gu, vinedresser [< őrti, vine; -a̋a̋gu, nominal agent suffix]. =i, grape vine.
  • cpd muulm̃ı̋po, planting stick [< műűli, plant; m̃ı̋po, pointed stick].
  • 014 m̃őɫno, plowshare [> English vomer].
  • 015 ne̋i|ka, t.v. winnow [> Lithuanian niekṓti, winnow]. -xlo, winnowing fan. -xlu, winnower.
  • 016 nőőp|a, t.v. sheave [> Latin napura, straw rope]. -o, sheaf.
  • 017 n̨e̋e̋m|a, 1. t.v. thresh, flail, swingle, scutch. 2. i.v. thresh, flail, swingle [> Tamil, nēmpu, winnow]. -da̋ro, threshing floor. -lo, swingle, scutch, flail. -nőrto, threshing sledge.
  • 018 pa̋lm̃o, chaff [> Latin palea, chaff].
  • 019 pa̋a̋þ|o, garden. -a, i.v. garden [> Tamil pādu, garden plot]. -lu, gardener.
  • 020 ƣa̋|na, 1. t.v. plow, till, furrow, plow, turn-,-up; channel. 2. i.v. plow, furrow [> Georgian xan-, plow]. -nlo, plow, moldboard. -nlu, plowman. -n̈a̋a̋lo, arable land. -nsı̋ı̋mlo, colter. -n̨i, adj. arable, plowable.
  • 021 re̋im̃|o, furrow [> Lithuanian raivē̃, furrow]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. furrow.
  • 022 re̋u|ki, weed. -kı̋d̨a, weed [> Latin runcāre, weed]. -xri, adj. weedy.
  • 023 sa̋|s̨a, 1. t.v. crop, produce, yield, give off. 2. i.v. crop, produce, yield [> Sanskrit sas सस्य, grain]. –sɪra, production. –s̨i, adj. productive. -s̨o, crop, produce, yield, output.
  • 024 se̋e̋|a, t.v. sow [> English sow]. -lu, sower.
  • 025 ṡőin|o, hay [> Lithuanian šienas, hay]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. hay. –kőȝo, hay harvest. -lo, hay-, pitch-, -fork. -lu, haymaker. -m̃e̋ƣo, hay-, -wagon, -wain. -rűűo, hay-, -stack, -rick. -ṡűro, hayrack. -va̋a̋ȝo, hayfield.
  • 026 tőőpo, orchard, grove [> Tamil tōppu, grove].
  • 027 tőƣ|a, 1. t.v. hoe. 2. i.v. hoe [> Mingrelian tox-, hoe]. -lo, hoe.
  • 028 -va̋a̋ȝo, suffix indicating a crop field [> Tamil vayal, agricultural tract].
  • 029 va̋rƣo, hay loft [> Middle Low German barg, shed without walls].
  • 030 zɔ̋|da, 1. t.v. grow, cultivate [plants], farm, raise. 2. i.v. farm [> Georgian zrdis, grow]. –do, growth. -ðda̋r=ko, small farm, steading. =o, farm. -ðlu, grower, cultivator, farmer. -ðm̃e̋e̋so, farmhouse, steading. -ðm̃i, adj. agrarian. -ðra, growth, cultivation. -ðsa̋a̋r̈=a, horticulture, husbandry, farming. =i, adj. horticultural.
  • 031 ża̋p|o, mattock [> Mongolian ǯebseg, tool]. -a, i.v. work with a mattock. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. work [with a mattock].