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| | 1 || 一 || *oi-[no-] || en: ''one'', ru: ''один'', la: ''unus'', etc. | | | 1 || 一 || *oi-[no-] || en: ''one'', ru: ''один'', la: ''unus'', etc. |
| |- | | |- |
| | 2 || 二 || *dwo- || en: ''two'', es: ''dos'', grc: ''δύο'', ... | | | 2 || 二 || *dwo- || en: ''two'', es: ''dos'', grc: ''δύο'', ... |
| |- | | |- |
| | 3 || 三 || *tri- || en: ''three'', fr: ''trois'', de: ''drei'' ... | | | 3 || 三 || *tri- || en: ''three'', fr: ''trois'', de: ''drei'' ... |
| |- | | |- |
| | 4 || 四 || *kʷetwor- || en: ''four'' | | | 4 || 四 || *kʷetwor- || en: ''four'', fr: ''quatre'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | 5 || 五 || *penkʷe || en: ''five'' | | | 5 || 五 || *penkʷe || en: ''five'', fr: ''cinq'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | 6 || 六 || *(s)(w)eḱs || en: ''six'' | | | 6 || 六 || *(s)(w)eḱs || en: ''six'', fr: ''six'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | 7 || 七 || *septem || en: ''seven'' | | | 7 || 七 || *septem || en: ''seven'', fr: ''sept'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | 8 || 八 || *oḱtō || en: ''eight'' | | | 8 || 八 || *oḱtō || en: ''eight'', fr: ''huit'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | 9 || 九 || *newn || en: ''nine'' | | | 9 || 九 || *newn || en: ''nine'', fr: ''neuf'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | 10 || 十 || *deḱm || en: ''ten'' | | | 10 || 十 || *deḱm || en: ''ten'', fr: ''dix'' |
| |} | | |} |
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| ---- | | ---- |
| ===Characters=== | | ===Characters=== |
| | ''I think a better approach would be to assign roots to each 字 first, and then flesh out the individual languages, rather than the other way around. The old stuff is still here, but commented out.'' --[[User:Vlad|Vlad]] 02:40, 8 Nov 2004 (PST) |
| | |
| | :These assignments are not final - feel free to change if a better root fits. |
| {| | | {| |
| ! !! IE !! Meaning !! English !! Latin !! Greek | | ! zi !! root, ''meaning'' !! English !! Latin !! Greek !! Sanskrit !! notes |
| |-
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| | 至 || *ad- || ''to, near, at'' || at || ad
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| |-
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| | 驅 || *ag- || ''to drive, draw, move'' || || ag(o), ag(ere), eg(i), ac(tus)
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| |-
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| | 日 || *agh- || ''a day (considered as a span of time)'' || day, daw(n) (d- is a bit suss)
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| |-
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| | 田 || *agro- || ''field'' (probably derivative of *ag-) || acre || ager, agr(i)
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| |-
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| | 擁 || *aik- || ''to be master of, possess'' || ough(t), owe, ow(n)
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| |-
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| | || *aim- || ''copy'' || || aem(ulus); im(itor), im(itari), im(itatus)
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| |-
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| | 欲 || *ais- || ''to wish, desire'' || as(k)
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| |-
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| | 壽 ? || *aiw-, ayu- || ''vital force, life, long life, eternity'' || ? || aev(um); ae(tas); ae(ternus) || (→eon)
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| |-
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| | 鋒 || *ak- || ''sharp'' || egg (''to egg on''), ha(mmer)? || ac(us); ac(er), ac(ris), ac(re)
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| |-
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| | 水 || *akʷ-ā- || ''water'' || is(land) || aqu(a)
| |
| |-
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| | 另/越 || *al- || ''beyond'' || o(ther), el(se)|| il(le)?; ul(s), ul(tra); al(ter); al(ius) || (→allo-)
| |
| |-
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| | 育 || *al- || ''to grow, nourish'' || ol(d), el(der) || al(tus); al(mus); al(o), al(ere), al(ui), al(tus)
| |
| |-
| |
| | 全 || *al- || ''all'' || all, al(beit), al(ready), al(so), al(though), al(ways)
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| |-
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| | 白 || *albho- || ''white'' || elf? || alb(us)
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| |-
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| | || *alu- || ''in words related to sorcery, magic, possession, and intoxication'' || ale
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| |-
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| | 圍 || *ambhi, m̥bhi || ''around'' (probably *ant-bhi, ''from both sides'') || ? || amb(io); amb(ulo)|| (→amphi-)
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| |-
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| | || *an- || ''on'' || on
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| |-
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| | 吸 || *anə- || ''to breath'' || || ani(mus); ani(mal) || (anemos)
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| |-
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| | 緊 || *angh- || ''tight, painfully constricted, painful''
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| |-
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| | 鬼? || *ansu- || ''spirit, demon''
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| |-
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| | 前 || *ant- || ''front, forehead''
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| |-
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| | 離 || *apo-, ap- || ''off, away''
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| |-
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| | || *ar-, arə- || ''to fit together''
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| |-
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| | 爍 || *arg- || ''to shine, white; the shining or white metal, silver''
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| |-
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| | 燃 ？ || *as- || ''to burn, glow''
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| |-
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| | || *at- || ''to go; with germanic and latin derivatives meaning a year (conceived as "the period gone through, the revolving year")''
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| |-
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| | 火 || *āter- || ''fire''
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| |-
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| | 覺 || *au- || ''to perceive''
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| |-
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| | 增 || *aug- || ''to increase''
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| |-
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| | 耀 || *aus- || ''to shine''
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| |-
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| | 禽 / 鳥 / 隹 || *awi- || ''bird''
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| |-
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| | 伯 / 叔 / 舅 || *awo- || ''an adult male relative other than one's father''
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| |-
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| | 朝 || *ayer- || ''day, morning''
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| |-
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| | 銅 || *ayes- || ''a metal, copper or bronze''
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| |-
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| | 杖 || *bak- || ''staff used for support''
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| |-
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| | 強 || *bel- || ''strong''
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| |-
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| | || *bhā- || ''to shine''
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| |-
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| | 曰 / 云 || *bhā- || ''to speak''
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| |-
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| | || *bha-bhā- || ''broad bean''
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| |-
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| | 好 / 良 || *bhad- || ''good''
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| |-
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| | || *bhag- || ''to share out, apportion, also to get a share''
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| |-
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| | 臂 || *bhāgu- || ''arm''
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| |-
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| | || *bhāgo- || ''beech tree''
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| |-
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| | 鬚 || *bhardh-ā- || ''beard''
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| |-
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| | 麥 || *bhares-, bhars- || ''barley''
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| |-
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| | 擊 || *bhau- || ''to strike''
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| |-
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| | 奔 || *bhegʷ- || ''to run''
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| |-
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| | 蜂 || *bhei- || ''a bee''
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| |-
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| | || *bheid- || ''to split; with Germanic derivatives referring to biting (hence also to eating and to
| |
| hunting) and woodworking''
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| |-
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| | 信 || *bheidh- || ''to trust, confide, persuade''
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| |-
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| | || *bhel- || ''to shine, flash, burn; shining white and various bright colors''
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| |-
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| | 脹 || *bhel- || ''to blow, swell; with derivatives referring to various round objects and to the notion of tumescent masculinity''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 花 || *bhel- || ''flower, thrive, bloom'' || ''bloo''m, ''blo''ssom, [blood] || ''flo''s, ''fol''ium || φύλλον
| |
| |-
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| | || *bhelgh- || ''to swell''
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| |-
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| | 繫 / 束 / 縛 || *bhendh- || ''to bind''
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| |-
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| | || *bher- || ''to carry; also to bear children''
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| |-
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| | || *bher- || ''bright, brown''
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| |-
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| | || *bherəg- || ''to shine; bright, white''
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| |-
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| | 隱 || *bhergh- || ''to hide, protect''
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| |-
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| | 高 || *bhergh- || ''high; with derivatives referring to hills and hill-forts''
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| |-
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| | || *bhes- || ''to breathe''
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| |-
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| | || *bheudh- || ''to be aware, to make aware''
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| |-
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| | || *bheuə-, bheu || ''to be, exist, grow''
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| |-
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| | 彎 || *bheug- || ''to bend; with derivatives referring to bent, pliable, or curved objects''
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| |-
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| | 吹 || *bhlē- || ''to blow''
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| |-
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| | 溢 || *bhleu- || ''to swell, well up, overflow''
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| |-
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| | 裸 || *bhoso- || ''naked''
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| |-
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| | 兄 / 弟 || *bhrāter- || ''brother, male agnate''
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| |-
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| | 斷 || *bhreg- || ''to break''
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| |-
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| | 沸 || *bhreu-, bhreuə-, bhreəu- || ''to boil, bubble, effervesce, burn; with derivatives referring to cooking and brewing''
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| |-
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| | 眉 || *bhrū- || ''eyebrow''
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| |-
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| | 分 || *dā- || ''to divide''
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| |-
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| | || *dail- || ''to divide''
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| |-
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| | || *daiwer- || ''husband's brother''
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| |-
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| | 涙 || *dakru- || ''tear'' || lacri(ma) || δάκρυ(ον)
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| |-
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| | || *de- || ''demonstrative stem, base of prepositions and adverbs''
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| |-
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| | 顯 / 宣 || *deik- || ''to show, pronounce solemnly; also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects''
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| |-
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| | 納 || *dek- || ''to take, accept''
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| |-
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| | 十 || *dekm || ''ten''
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| |-
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| | 右 || *deks- || ''right (opposite left); hence, south (from the viewpoint of one facing east)'' || || dex(ter) || δεξ(ιός)
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| |-
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| | 長 || *del- || ''long''
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| |-
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| | 計 / 數 || *del- || ''to recount, count''
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| |-
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| | 戶 || *dem- || ''house, household''
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| |-
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| | || *demə- || ''to constrain, force, especially to break in (horses)''
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| |-
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| | 歯 || *dent- || ''tooth''
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| |-
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| | || *der- || ''to split, peel, flay; with derivatives referring to skin and leather''
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| |-
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| | 視 || *derk- || ''to see''
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| |-
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| | 堅 / 木 || *deru-, dreu- || ''to be firm, solid, steadfast; hence specialized senses "wood", tree" and derivatives referring to objects made of wood''
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| |-
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| | 缺 || *deu- || ''to lack, be wanting''
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| |-
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| | || *deu- || ''to do, perform, show favor, revere''
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| |-
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| | 久 || *deuə-, dwaə || ''long (in duration)''
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| |-
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| | 領 || *deuk- || ''to lead''
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| |-
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| | 置 || *dhē- || ''to set, put''
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| |-
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| | || *dhegʷw- || ''to burn, warm''
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| |-
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| | || *dhē(i)- || ''to suck''
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| |-
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| | 築 || *dheigh- || ''to form, build''
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| | || *dher- || ''to hold firmly, support''
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| |-
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| | || *dhers- || ''to venture, be bold''
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| | || *dhēs- || ''root of words in religious concepts''
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| |-
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| | 流 || *dheu- || ''to flow'' || dew
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| |-
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| | 死 / 亡 || *dheu- || ''to die'' || dea(d), dea(th), die
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| | || *dheub-, dheubh- || ''deep, hollow'' || deep
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| | || *dheuə- || ''to close, finish, come full circle'' (probably related to *dheu-, ''to die'') || tow(n) || fu(nus)
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| | || *dheugh- || ''to produce something of utility'' || ? || || (teukhos)
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| | || *dhghem- || ''earth'' || ? || hum(us); hom(o), hom(inis) || (khthon)
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| | || *dhgh(y)es- || ''yesterday'' || yes(terday)
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| | || *dhīgʷ- || ''to stick, fix'' || dig? || fig(o), fig(ere), fixi=fic(si), fixus=fic(sus); fi(bula)
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| |-
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| | || *dhreg- || ''to draw, glide'' || drink, drench, drow(n)
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| | || *dreibh- || ''to drive, push; snow'' || drive, drove
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| | || *dhreu- || ''to fall, flow, drip, droop'' || drea(ry), dro(p), droo(p) || || (thruptein)
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| | 娘 || *dhugəter- || ''daughter''
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| |-
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| | || *dhwer- || ''door, doorway'' (usually plural) || door || for(as); for(is); for(um) || (thura)
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| | || *dlegh- || ''to engage oneself'' || play || ''maybe'' (in)dulg(eo)
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| | 舌 || *dn̥ghū- || ''tongue'' || tongue || lingu(a)
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| |-
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| | || *dō- || ''to give'' || || d(o), d(are), de-d(i), d(atus) || (didonai, dosis, doron)
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| | || *dus- || ''bad, evil, mis-'' (derivative of *deu-, to lack) || || || (→dys-)
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| | || *dwo- || ''two'' || two, twe(lve), twe(lfth) || du(o), bi(s), bi(ni) || (duo)
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| | || *dyeu- || ''to shine (and in many derivatives "sky, heaven, god")'' || Tue(sday) || di(es); de(us); div(us); di(s), di(tis); div(es), div(itis); Iup(piter), Iov(is); Iu(lius) || (Zeus, delos)
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| | 食 || *ed- || ''to eat'' (original meaning "to bite") || eat || ed(o), ed(ere), ed(i), ed(itus); (pran)d(ium) ''first meal''
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| |-
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| | 居 || *es- || ''to be'' || a(m), is; ye(s) || es(se), s(um), es, es(t), s(umus), es(tis), s(unt) || (einai)
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| |-
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| | 来 || *gʷā-, gʷem- || ''to go, to come'' || come, (wel)come, (be)come || ven(ire) || (bainein)
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| |-
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| | 貝 || *ko(n)kho- || ''shell[fish]'' || – || coc(h)lea || ''κόγχ''ος, ''κόχλ''ος
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| |-
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| | 火 || *peH2wr || ''fire'' || fire || — || πῦρ, pyro-
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| |-
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| | 矯 (王?) || *reg- || ''to move in a straight line'', with derivatives meaning ''to direct in a straight line, lead, rule'' || righ(t)=矯了; rake (also ''rajah, maharajah'' from Sanskrit) || reg(o), reg(ere), rexi=rec(si), rec(tus)=矯了us; rex=rec(s); reg(ula); rog(o), rog(are), rog(are), rog(avi), rog(atus)=矯了us ''Homograph Alert!'' || (oregein)
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| |-
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| | 音 || *swen- || ''to make sound'' || [swan] || ''son''o, ''son''are; sonus=音us || —
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| |-
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| | 下 || *upo- || ''down, below, under'' || up [!] || sub || ὑπό, hypo-
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| |-
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| | 見 || *weid- || ''to see'' || wit, wi(se)=見了 || vid(eo), vid(ere), vid(i), vi(sus)
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| |-
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| | 勝 || *weik- || ''to fight, conquer'' || || vinc(o), vinc(ere), vic(i), vic(tus)=勝了us
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| |}
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| {|
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| ! !! IE !! English !! Latin !! Greek !! German !! Japanese
| |
| |-
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| | 誕 (生?) || *seuH- [give birth] || so(n) || || || Soh(n) || たん(じょう)
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| |-
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| | 飲 || *peH₃(i)- [drink] || || po(tus), bi-b(o) || πόσ(ις), πί(νω) || || の(む)
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| |-
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| | 耳 || *H₂eus- || ear || aur(is) || οὖς || Ohr || みみ
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| |-
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| |-
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| | 目 || *okʷ- || eye || oc(ulus) || || Auge || め
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| |-
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| | 父 || *pH₂ter- || father || pater, patr(is) || || Vater || ちち
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| |-
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| | 魚 || *peisk- || fish || pisc(is) || || Fisch || さかな
| |
| |-
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| | 制,法? || *yewes- [law] || || ius, iur(is), ius(tus)
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| |- | | |- |
| | 地 || *lendh- || land || || || Land || ち | | | 一 || *oi-no-, ''one, unique'' || one, an, a || unus, una, unum |
| |- | | |- |
| | 男 || *wiH-ro (or *Hner-?) [male] || (were-) || vir || || || ひと | | | 二 || *dwo-, ''two'' || two || duo, duae |
| |- | | |- |
| | 女 || *gʷenH- [female] || (queen) || || γυνή || || おんな | | | 三 || *trei-, ''three'' || three || tres, tria |
| |- | | |- |
| | 中 || *medhi- || mid, midd(le) || medi(us) || || || なか | | | 四 || *kʷetwer-, ''four'' || four || quattuor |
| |- | | |- |
| | 母 || *maH₂ter- || mother || mater, matr(is) || μήτηρ || Mutter || はは | | | 五 || *penkʷe, ''five'' || five || quinque |
| |- | | |- |
| | 鼠 || *mūs- || mouse || mus, mur(is) || μυς || Maus || ねずみ | | | 六 || *s(w)eks, ''six'' || six || sex |
| |- | | |- |
| | 雪 || *sneigʷh- || snow || nix=nic(s), niv(is) || *νίψ (νίφα) || Schnee || ゆき | | | 七 || *septm̥, ''seven'' || seven || septem |
| |- | | |- |
| | 水 || *akʷa- [water] || is(land) || aqu(a) || || || みず | | | 八 || *oktō(u), ''eight'' || eight || octo |
| |- | | |- |
| | 湿 || *wed- || wat(er), wet, wint(er), hyd(ro)- || und(a) || hud(ōr) <!-- I need to learn me some Greek.. --> || Wass(er) || しめ(る) | | | 九 || *newn̥, ''nine'' || nine || novem |
| |- | | |- |
| | 冬 || *ghei-/*ghiems [winter] || || hiem(s), hiem(is) || || || ふゆ | | | 十 || *dekm̥, ''ten'' || ten || decem |
| |- | | |- |
| | 風 || *H₂weH₁-(nt)- || wind || vent(us) || || || かぜ | | | 百 || *km̥-tom, ''hundred'' || hund[red] || centum || || || *''Is this unfair to the langs who form their hundred another way? Are there any?'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | 狼 || *wlkʷ- || wolf || lup(us) || λύκ(ος) || Wolf || おおかみ | | | 男 || *wī-ro-, ''man'' || were[wolf] || vir |
| |- | | |- |
| | 狐 || *wlp-e:- [fox] || || vulp(es) || ἀλώπηξ || || きつね | | | 女 || *gʷen-, ''woman'' || queen; quean || || gyne; gynaik- |
| |- | | |- |
| | 牛 || *gʷou- || cow || bo(s, -vis) || βοῦς || Kuh || うし | | | 人 || *man-¹, ''man'' || man |
| |- | | |- |
| | 古, 老, 高 || *al-(t-) || old, (eld) || alt(us) || || || ふる(い), お[い(る)], たか(い) | | | 土 || *dhghem-, ''earth'' || '''OE''' guma || humus; homo || || मनुः (manuḥ) |
| |- | |
| | 蜜 || *melit- [honey] || (mildew) || mel (mulsus) || μέλι || || みつ | |
| |- | | |- |
| | 雨 || *reg- || rain || rig(are) || || regen || あめ | | | 不 || *no-, ''no''，''not'' || || || || |
| |-
| |
| | 丸 || *wel- [round] || || vol(vere) || ἕλ(ιξ) || || まる（い）
| |
| |-
| |
| | 王 || *reg- [king, rule, right] || right || rex, reg(num), reg(ula) || || Reich || おう
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| ===English Words===
| | [[Category:Conscripts]] |
| {|
| | [[Category:Collaborations]] |
| | 男狼 || werewolf || *wiro-wl̥kʷo
| |
| |-
| |
| | 男育了 || world || *wiro-al²-to
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Latin Words===
| |
| {|
| |
| | 飲飲o, 飲飲re, 飲飲i, 飲飲了us || bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitus
| |
| |-
| |
| | 食ibilis || edibilis
| |
| |-
| |
| | 父icius || patricius
| |
| |-
| |
| | 魚ina || piscina
| |
| |-
| |
| | 飲io || potio
| |
| |-
| |
| | 飲to, 飲tare, 飲tavi, 飲tatus || poto, potare, potavi, potatus
| |
| |}
| |
