Dosari: Difference between revisions
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!Lateral Approximant | !Lateral Approximant | ||
| || || /l/ | | || || /l/ || || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
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!Open | !Open | ||
| || /a/ || | | || /a/ || | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || Front || Central || Back | |||
|- | |||
!Close | |||
| /iː/ /yː/ || || /uː/ | |||
|- | |||
!Open-mid | |||
| /ɛːɪ/ /œːʏ/ || || /ɔːʊ/ | |||
|- | |||
!Open | |||
| || /aːʊ/ || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Stress always occurs on the first syllable. | Stress always occurs on the first syllable. | ||
== Phonotactics == | |||
= Morphophonology = | |||
= Morphology = | |||
== Nouns == | |||
=== Noun Class === | |||
There are three noun classes in Dosari: humans/animals (NC1), plants/insects (NC2), and inanimate objects/abstract ideas (NC3). These classes deal with what the word is referring to and not what sounds the word contains or ends with. | |||
=== Article === | |||
There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo. | |||
==== Definite ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || ending in a vowel || ending in a consonant | |||
|- | |||
!NC1 | |||
| -n || -an | |||
|- | |||
!NC2 | |||
| -m || -am | |||
|- | |||
!NC3 | |||
| -g || -ag | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Partitive ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || ending in a consonant || ending in a front vowel || ending in a back vowel | |||
|- | |||
!NC1 | |||
| -uni || -ʋuni || -juni | |||
|- | |||
!NC2 | |||
| -umi || -ʋumi || -jumi | |||
|- | |||
!NC3 | |||
| -ugi || -ʋugi || -jugi | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Negative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || ending in a consonant cluster or fricative || ending in anything else | |||
|- | |||
!NC1 | |||
| -sa || -s | |||
|- | |||
!NC2 | |||
| -sa || -s | |||
|- | |||
!NC3 | |||
| -sa || -s | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Number === | |||
There are three numbers in Dosari: singular (SG), dual (DL), and plural (PL). | |||
=== Case === | |||
There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and essive (ESS). Case is expressed through suffixes and decline according to number but not noun class. | |||
==== Nominative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -0 | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -al | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ir | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Accusative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -ɔm | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -at | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ira | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Genitive ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -i | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ilan | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -as | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Dative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -p | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -pal | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -pir | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Locative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -ɛs | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ɛs | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ɛs | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Ablative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -xar | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -xœt | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -xɔs | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Instrumental ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -œθ | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ɛq | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ama | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Vocative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| - | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -ala | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -ira | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Allative ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -t | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -tal | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -tir | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Essive ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
!SG | |||
| -uχ | |||
|- | |||
!DL | |||
| -uχ | |||
|- | |||
!PL | |||
| -uχ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Pronouns === | |||
==== Possessive Pronouns | |||
== Verbs == | |||
=== Tense === | |||
There are five tenses in Dosari: present, past, recent past, future, and immediate future. | |||
==== Present ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛs || -alas || -ɛn | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -id || -alad || -ix | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -ast || -alast || -a | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Past ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛk || -alak || -ɛna | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iθ || -alaθ || -ina | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -aq || -alaq || -ana | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Recent Past ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛki || -ali || -ɛnɛk | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iθi || -ali || -iniθ | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -aqi || -ali || -anaq | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Future ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛm || -alam || -ɛ | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iʃu || -alaʃ || -i | |||
|- | |||
!3P | |||
| -ar || -alar || -a | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Immediate Future ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" border=1 | |||
! || SG || DL || PL | |||
|- | |||
!1P | |||
| -ɛmœs || -alas || -ɛnœrɔx | |||
|- | |||
!2P | |||
| -iθys || -alas || -inyrux | |||
|- | |||
!4P | |||
| -aqas || -alas || -anarax | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
= Syntax = | |||
== Sentence Order == | |||
The general sentence order of Dosari is SOV. Due to the amount of cases in Dosari, the word order is rather flexible. However, the verb must always occur at the end. | |||
== Relative Clauses == | |||
= Vocabulary = | |||
= Example Texts = | |||
Latest revision as of 16:39, 22 July 2014
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | /p/ /b/ | /t/ /d/ | /k/ /g/ | /q/ /ɢ/ | ||||
| Affricate | /ts/ | /tʃ/ | ||||||
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | ||||||
| Trill | /r/ | |||||||
| Fricative | /ɸ/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | ||
| Approximant | /ʋ/ | /j/ | ||||||
| Lateral Approximant | /l/ |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ /y/ | /u/ | |
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ /œ/ | /ɔ/ | |
| Open | /a/ |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /iː/ /yː/ | /uː/ | |
| Open-mid | /ɛːɪ/ /œːʏ/ | /ɔːʊ/ | |
| Open | /aːʊ/ |
Stress
Stress always occurs on the first syllable.
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Noun Class
There are three noun classes in Dosari: humans/animals (NC1), plants/insects (NC2), and inanimate objects/abstract ideas (NC3). These classes deal with what the word is referring to and not what sounds the word contains or ends with.
Article
There are three articles in Dosari: definite (DEF), partitive (PART), and negative (NEG). When there is no article attached to a noun, it is assumed to be indefinite. Articles agree only in noun class and are all suffixes added after any declension a noun might undergo.
Definite
| ending in a vowel | ending in a consonant | |
|---|---|---|
| NC1 | -n | -an |
| NC2 | -m | -am |
| NC3 | -g | -ag |
Partitive
| ending in a consonant | ending in a front vowel | ending in a back vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NC1 | -uni | -ʋuni | -juni |
| NC2 | -umi | -ʋumi | -jumi |
| NC3 | -ugi | -ʋugi | -jugi |
Negative
| ending in a consonant cluster or fricative | ending in anything else | |
|---|---|---|
| NC1 | -sa | -s |
| NC2 | -sa | -s |
| NC3 | -sa | -s |
Number
There are three numbers in Dosari: singular (SG), dual (DL), and plural (PL).
Case
There are ten cases in Dosari: nominative (NOM), accusative (ACC), genitive (GEN), dative (DAT), locative (LOC), ablative (ABL), instrumental (INS), vocative (VOC), allative (ALL), and essive (ESS). Case is expressed through suffixes and decline according to number but not noun class.
Nominative
| SG | -0 |
|---|---|
| DL | -al |
| PL | -ir |
Accusative
| SG | -ɔm |
|---|---|
| DL | -at |
| PL | -ira |
Genitive
| SG | -i |
|---|---|
| DL | -ilan |
| PL | -as |
Dative
| SG | -p |
|---|---|
| DL | -pal |
| PL | -pir |
Locative
| SG | -ɛs |
|---|---|
| DL | -ɛs |
| PL | -ɛs |
Ablative
| SG | -xar |
|---|---|
| DL | -xœt |
| PL | -xɔs |
Instrumental
| SG | -œθ |
|---|---|
| DL | -ɛq |
| PL | -ama |
Vocative
| SG | - |
|---|---|
| DL | -ala |
| PL | -ira |
Allative
| SG | -t |
|---|---|
| DL | -tal |
| PL | -tir |
Essive
| SG | -uχ |
|---|---|
| DL | -uχ |
| PL | -uχ |
Pronouns
==== Possessive Pronouns
Verbs
Tense
There are five tenses in Dosari: present, past, recent past, future, and immediate future.
Present
| SG | DL | PL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1P | -ɛs | -alas | -ɛn |
| 2P | -id | -alad | -ix |
| 3P | -ast | -alast | -a |
Past
| SG | DL | PL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1P | -ɛk | -alak | -ɛna |
| 2P | -iθ | -alaθ | -ina |
| 3P | -aq | -alaq | -ana |
Recent Past
| SG | DL | PL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1P | -ɛki | -ali | -ɛnɛk |
| 2P | -iθi | -ali | -iniθ |
| 3P | -aqi | -ali | -anaq |
Future
| SG | DL | PL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1P | -ɛm | -alam | -ɛ |
| 2P | -iʃu | -alaʃ | -i |
| 3P | -ar | -alar | -a |
Immediate Future
| SG | DL | PL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1P | -ɛmœs | -alas | -ɛnœrɔx |
| 2P | -iθys | -alas | -inyrux |
| 4P | -aqas | -alas | -anarax |
Syntax
Sentence Order
The general sentence order of Dosari is SOV. Due to the amount of cases in Dosari, the word order is rather flexible. However, the verb must always occur at the end.
