Historical phonology of Slevan: Difference between revisions

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| h || disappears || || {{small|HODIĒ}} > odjē > voj<br> {{small|COLAPHU}} > *kolapu > klóp<br> {{small|CATHEDRA}} > *katedra > kotjedra <br> {{small|MĀCHINA}} > *mākina > máczna
| h || disappears || || {{small|HODIĒ}} > odjē > voj<br> {{small|COLAPHU}} > *kolapu > klóp<br> {{small|CATHEDRA}} > *katedra > kotjedra <br> {{small|MĀCHINA}} > *mākina > máczna
|-
|-
| ns || s || || {{small|ĪNSULA}} > *īsula > ízla
| ns || || s || {{small|ĪNSULA}} > *īsula > ízla
|-
|-
| nct, mpt || nt || || {{small|SANCTU}} > *sàntu-ju > sútý<br>
| nct, mpt || nt || || {{small|SANCTU}} > *sàntu-ju > sútý<br>
Line 34: Line 34:
|-
|-
|nj, cn, gn, mnj || || ň {{IPA|[ɲ]}} || {{small|LĪNEA}} > *līňa > linja<br> {{small|CYGNU}} > *kiňu > czenj <br> {{small|SOMNIU}} > *soňu > sonj
|nj, cn, gn, mnj || || ň {{IPA|[ɲ]}} || {{small|LĪNEA}} > *līňa > linja<br> {{small|CYGNU}} > *kiňu > czenj <br> {{small|SOMNIU}} > *soňu > sonj
|-
| mn || || nn || {{small|DAMNU}} > *dannu > dón
|-
|-
| mĭn || between vowels || mn || {{small|DOMINU}} > *domnu > dún
| mĭn || between vowels || mn || {{small|DOMINU}} > *domnu > dún
|-
| lj || || ľ {{IPA|[ʎ]}} || {{small|FĪLĬU}} > *fīľu > vílj
|-
|-
| per- || word initially || par- || {{small|PERAMBULĀRE}} > *parambulāre > porúblár <br> {{small|PERDERE}} > *pàrdere > pradír <br> {{small|PERSŌNA}} > *parsōna > prasuna
| per- || word initially || par- || {{small|PERAMBULĀRE}} > *parambulāre > porúblár <br> {{small|PERDERE}} > *pàrdere > pradír <br> {{small|PERSŌNA}} > *parsōna > prasuna
Line 70: Line 74:
| stressed closed syllable || ě {{IPA|[æ]}} || {{small|TĔRRA}} > *těrra > tjera
| stressed closed syllable || ě {{IPA|[æ]}} || {{small|TĔRRA}} > *těrra > tjera
|-
|-
| unstressed syllable || ĭ  || {{small|RĔGĔRĔ}} > *rjěgĭrĭ > rejr<br>{{small|ĂPĔRĪRĔ}} > *opĭrjirĭ > oprír
| unstressed syllable || ĭ  || {{small|RĔGĔRĔ}} > *rjěgěrĭ > rezsár<br>{{small|ĂPĔRĪRĔ}} > *opěrjirĭ > opjerír
|-
|-
| {{IPA|ǣ}} || unstressed final syllable || e || {{small|ROSAE}} > *rŭoze > roze
| {{IPA|ǣ}} || unstressed final syllable || e || {{small|ROSAE}} > *rŭoze > roze
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|rowspan=2| ī || stressed open syllable || ji || {{small|SĪGNŬ}} > *sjiňŭ > színj
|rowspan=2| ī || stressed open syllable || ji || {{small|SĪGNŬ}} > *sjiňŭ > színj
|-
|-
| elsewhere || i || {{small|CĪVĪLĔ}} > *kivjilĭ-jĭ > czivílí
| elsewhere || i || {{small|CĪVĪLĔ}} > *kivjilĭ-jŭ > czivílí
|-
|-
|rowspan=2| ō,ŭ || stressed syllable || ō {{IPA|[o]}} || {{small|DŌNŬ}} > *dōnŭ > dún<br> {{small|PŬTĔŬ}} > *pōtjŭ > púc<br> {{small|ŬTĔRŬ}} > *ōtĭrŭ > utjer
|rowspan=2| ō,ŭ || stressed syllable || ō {{IPA|[o]}} || {{small|DŌNŬ}} > *dōnŭ > dún<br> {{small|PŬTĔŬ}} > *pōtjŭ > púc<br> {{small|ŬTĔRŬ}} > *ōtĭrŭ > utjer
|-
|-
| unstressed non-final syllable || ŭ || {{small|SŌLĔMNĔ}} > *sŭlěnnĭ-jĭ > sléní<br> {{small|ĔPĪSTŬLA}} > *ĭpistŭla > pístla
| unstressed non-final syllable || ŭ || {{small|SŌLĔMNĔ}} > *sŭlěnnĭ-jŭ > sléní<br> {{small|ĔPĪSTŬLA}} > *ěpistŭla > pístla
|-
|-
|rowspan=3| ŏ || stressed open syllable || ŭo || {{small|BŎNŬ}} > *bŭonŭ-jĭ > bóný
|rowspan=3| ŏ || stressed open syllable || ŭo || {{small|BŎNŬ}} > *bŭonŭ-jŭ > bóný
|-
|-
| stressed closed syllable || o || {{small|NŎCTĔ}} > *noktĭ > nóc
| stressed closed syllable || o || {{small|NŎCTĔ}} > *noktĭ > nóc
|-
|-
| unstressed syllable || ŭ || {{small|MŎNASTĒRĬŬ}} > *mŭnasterjŭ > mnostér
| unstressed syllable || ŭ || {{small|MŎNASTĒRĬŬ}} > *mŭnasterjŭ > mnostér
|-
| f || || v || {{small|FĪLĬŬ}} > *viľŭ > vílj<br> {{small|ŎFFĬCĬŬ}} > *ovvekjŭ > ovécz
|-
| k || before ĭ, i, ě ||rowspan=2| č || {{small|CĔNTŬ}} > *čěntŭ > czút<br> {{small|DŬCĔ}} > *dōčĭ > dúcz
|-
| kj || || {{small|ŎFFĬCĬŬ}} > *ovvečŭ > ovécz
|-
| g || before ĭ, i, ě  at the beginning of a word or after a gonsonant || ž || {{small|GĔNTĔ}} > *žěntĭ > zsútj
|-
| g || between a vowel and ĭ, i ||rowspan=2| j || {{small|RĔGĬT}} > *rějĭt > reje<br> {{small|MĂGĬS}} > *majĭs > maj<br> {{small|LĒGE}} > *lejĭ > lej
|-
| gj, dj || between vowels || {{small|ĔXĂGĬŬM}} > *ěχajŭ > jachaj<br> {{small|MĔDĬŬ}} > *mjějŭ > mljaj
|-
| x || before ĭ, i, ě ||rowspan=2| š ||
|-
| xj || || {{small|NŎXĬŬ}} > *nŭošŭ > nósz
|-
| sk, kk || before ĭ, i, ě ||rowspan=2| šč || {{small|PĬSCĔ}} > *peščĭ > pészt<br> {{small|ŎCCĪDĔRĔ}} > *oščiděrĭ > osztidír
|-
| skj, kkj || || {{small|ASCĬŎLA}} > *oščŭla > ósztla<br> {{small|BRĀCCHĬŬ}} > *broščŭ > brószt
|}
|}
[[Category:Slevan]]

Latest revision as of 06:18, 2 July 2009

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Vulgar Latin sound changes

Latin to Vulgar Latin (Pre-Romance) ? -150 C.E.


Latin Condition Result Example(s)
m word-finally disappears CAELUM > *kaelu > czál
y̆, ȳ everywhere ĭ, ī CYGNU > *kignu > czenj
ae word-finally ǣ ROSAE > *rosǣ > roze
elsewhere ĕ [ɛ] CAELU > *kelu > czál
oe ē FOEDU > *fēdu > véd
au ō CAUSA > *kōsa > kuza
eu jū
ui ū
ĭ,ĕ before another vowel j SPATIU > *spatju > spóc
LĪNEA > līnja > linja
ŭ before another vowel w VIDUA > *vidwa > vedva
h disappears HODIĒ > odjē > voj
COLAPHU > *kolapu > klóp
CATHEDRA > *katedra > kotjedra
MĀCHINA > *mākina > máczna
ns s ĪNSULA > *īsula > ízla
nct, mpt nt SANCTU > *sàntu-ju > sútý

PRŌMPTUM > *prōntu > prútý

nj, cn, gn, mnj ň [ɲ] LĪNEA > *līňa > linja
CYGNU > *kiňu > czenj
SOMNIU > *soňu > sonj
mn nn DAMNU > *dannu > dón
mĭn between vowels mn DOMINU > *domnu > dún
lj ľ [ʎ] FĪLĬU > *fīľu > vílj
per- word initially par- PERAMBULĀRE > *parambulāre > porúblár
PERDERE > *pàrdere > pradír
PERSŌNA > *parsōna > prasuna
b between vowels v [β] LĂBŌRĀRE > *lavōrare > lóvrár
s between vowels z ĪNSULA > *īzula > ízla
CAUSA > *kōza > kuza
sp, st, sc [sk] word initial ĭsp, ĭst, ĭsk SPŌNSA > *ispōza > spuza
STUDIU > *istudju > stuj
SCHOLA > *iskola > skola
  • It is possible that the Greek y sound was adopted as i by Vulgar Latin from the beginning.
  • Note that h was lost everywhere, also in the Greek aspirates ph, th, ch. It is especially noteworthy that ph became p, not f in the kind of Vulgar Latin that led to Slevan.

Northeast Romance sound changes

Vulgar Latin to Early Northeast Romance 150 - 600 C.E.


V.L. Condition Result Example(s)
ă, ā open stressed, or unstressed final, syllable a MĀRE > *mare > már
RŌMA > *rōma > Ruma
closed stressed, or an unstressed, syllable o [ɔ] CAPRA > *kopra > kopra
PĀGĀNU > *poganŭ > pohán
ĂRĀNEA > *oraňa > oranja
ē, ĭ stressed syllable e TĒLA > *tela > tela
SĬTE > *setĭ > sétj
unstressed non-final syllable ĭ [ɪ]
ē unstressed final syllable i CANĒS > *kanis > kani
TACĒS > *takis > taczi
ĕ stressed open syllable jě [jæ] CAELŬ > *kjělŭ > czál
stressed closed syllable ě [æ] TĔRRA > *těrra > tjera
unstressed syllable ĭ RĔGĔRĔ > *rjěgěrĭ > rezsár
ĂPĔRĪRĔ > *opěrjirĭ > opjerír
ǣ unstressed final syllable e ROSAE > *rŭoze > roze
ī stressed open syllable ji SĪGNŬ > *sjiňŭ > színj
elsewhere i CĪVĪLĔ > *kivjilĭ-jŭ > czivílí
ō,ŭ stressed syllable ō [o] DŌNŬ > *dōnŭ > dún
PŬTĔŬ > *pōtjŭ > púc
ŬTĔRŬ > *ōtĭrŭ > utjer
unstressed non-final syllable ŭ SŌLĔMNĔ > *sŭlěnnĭ-jŭ > sléní
ĔPĪSTŬLA > *ěpistŭla > pístla
ŏ stressed open syllable ŭo BŎNŬ > *bŭonŭ-jŭ > bóný
stressed closed syllable o NŎCTĔ > *noktĭ > nóc
unstressed syllable ŭ MŎNASTĒRĬŬ > *mŭnasterjŭ > mnostér
f v FĪLĬŬ > *viľŭ > vílj
ŎFFĬCĬŬ > *ovvekjŭ > ovécz
k before ĭ, i, ě č CĔNTŬ > *čěntŭ > czút
DŬCĔ > *dōčĭ > dúcz
kj ŎFFĬCĬŬ > *ovvečŭ > ovécz
g before ĭ, i, ě at the beginning of a word or after a gonsonant ž GĔNTĔ > *žěntĭ > zsútj
g between a vowel and ĭ, i j RĔGĬT > *rějĭt > reje
MĂGĬS > *majĭs > maj
LĒGE > *lejĭ > lej
gj, dj between vowels ĔXĂGĬŬM > *ěχajŭ > jachaj
MĔDĬŬ > *mjějŭ > mljaj
x before ĭ, i, ě š
xj NŎXĬŬ > *nŭošŭ > nósz
sk, kk before ĭ, i, ě šč PĬSCĔ > *peščĭ > pészt
ŎCCĪDĔRĔ > *oščiděrĭ > osztidír
skj, kkj ASCĬŎLA > *oščŭla > ósztla
BRĀCCHĬŬ > *broščŭ > brószt
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