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| {{Kala 2}}
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| __NOTOC__
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| * A typical verb denotes the occurrence or abandonment of an action (run, stop), a relationship (have, lose), or a state (stand, melt). Most verbs can be reused without change as a noun. | |
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| = tense =
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:500px;"
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| ! tense || suffix || gloss || example
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| |-
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| | remote past || '''-yai''' || REM || '''nam inayai'''<br>We ate a long while ago.
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| |-
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| | recent past || '''-yao''' || REC || '''nam inayao'''<br>We just ate.
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| |-
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| | past || '''-ye''' || PST || '''nam inaye'''<br>We ate.
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| |-
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| | present || ''not marked'' || || '''nam ina'''<br>We eat. / We are eating. / We do eat.
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| |-
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| | future || '''-tli''' || FUT || '''nam inatli'''<br>We will eat.
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| |-
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| | immediate future || '''-tlao''' || IMM || '''nam inatlao'''<br>We will eat soon/now.
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| |-
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| | distant future || '''-tlai''' || DIS || '''nam inatlai'''<br>We will eat a long while from now.
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| |}
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| * The remote and recent pasts, as well as the immediate and distant futures are negated by the preceding negative '''[[Kala_lexicon#nka|nke]]''' rather than the negative suffix '''-k'''.
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| * Kala does not distinguish perfect and imperfect aspects of the verb (e.g. "I ate", "I used to eat", "I have eaten", "I had eaten").
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| * If a temporal adverb is used, the tense suffix may be omitted.
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| :''Example'': We ate yesterday.
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| ::{|
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| |'''yomaye''' ||'''nam''' ||'''ina'''
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| |-
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| |day-{{sc|pst}} ||1{{sc|pl}} ||eat
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| |}
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| = modifiers =
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| == ability ==
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| * '''-pa''' from [[Kala_lexicon#pa|pala]] is used to signify ability or possibility. This does not indicate the permissive.
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| -
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| * '''na yalapa'''
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| : 1{{sc|sg}} go-able
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| : ''I am able to go''. / ''I can go''.
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| == attempt ==
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| * '''-pya''' from [[Kala_lexicon#a|upya]] is used to signify an attempt.
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| -
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| * '''na inapya'''
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| : 1{{sc|sg}} eat-attempt
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| : ''I am trying to eat''.
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| == negation ==
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:600px;"
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| ! usage || suffix || from || example
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| |-
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| | negation || '''-k''' || '''nke'''<br>no, not; negative || '''na yalak'''<br>I am not going.
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| |-
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| | beginning, initiate || '''-mu''' || '''mula'''<br>start; begin || '''na yalamu'''<br>I begin to go. / I'm starting to leave.
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| |-
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| | permission; allow || '''-myo''' || '''myonta'''<br>to allow; permit || '''na yalamyo'''<br>I am allowed to go.
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| |-
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| | should, ought to || '''-ne''' || '''neya'''<br>should, to ought to || '''na yalane'''<br>I should go.
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| |-
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| | need, necessity || '''-he''' || '''heya'''<br>to need; require || '''na yalahe'''<br>I need to go.
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| |-
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| | deintensify || '''-hi''' || '''ahi'''<br>small; little || '''na inahi'''<br>I am snacking.
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| |-
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| | appear, seem || '''-tse''' || '''tse'e'''<br>to seem; appearance || '''ha yalatse'''<br>He seems to be going.
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| |-
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| | want, desire || '''-ue''' || '''ueha'''<br>to want; desire || '''na yalaue'''<br>I want to go.
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| |-
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| | intention, volition || '''-ue''' || '''ueyo'''<br>to intend to || '''na yalaue'''<br>I intend to go.
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| |}
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| = conditional =
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| * ''They would be happy if the sun were shining.''
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| :{|
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| |'''sama''' ||'''a''' ||'''yatli''' ||'''kam''' ||'''noya'''
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| |sun ||be ||if-X-then-Y ||3{{sc|pl}} ||happy
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| |}
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| * ''We doubted he would go.''
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| :{|
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| |'''na'am''' ||'''iya''' ||'''ha''' ||'''yala''' ||'''ketsaye'''
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| |-
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| |1{{sc|pl.excl}} ||{{sc|cond}} ||3{{sc|sg}} ||go ||doubt-{{sc|pst}}
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| |}
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| * she would have been a good musician
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| == Index ==
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| {{Kala index}}
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| [[Category:Kala]]
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