Béu : Chapter 8: Difference between revisions

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=='''-co''' or '''có''' : '''pilana najauva''' ... (the fourteenth pilana)==
{{Deletion|Staigard|Well I have moved all the data somewhere else}}




means "about" as in "they talk about him".
db-g7
 
==How concepts relate to parts of speech==
 
'''béu''' differs slightly from English, in that the primary form of most words relating to body states are verbs. For example ;-
 
{| border=1
  |align=center| to be bored, boredom
  |align=center| '''joze'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be interested in, to be in the groove
  |align=center| '''??'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be happy/glad
  |align=center| '''ʔoime'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be sad/unhappy
  |align=center| '''heuno'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be health/strong
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be weak/sick
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be afraid
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be in a panic
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be hysterical
  |align=center| '''k k'''   
  |-
  |align=center| to feel guilty/ashamed
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be grubby, to feel dirty
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be horny
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be nervous
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be under tension/stress/strain
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be anxious
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be in pain, to ache
  |align=center| '''k k''' 
  |-
  |align=center| to be hungry
  |align=center| '''k k'''
  |-
  |align=center| to be thirsty
  |align=center| '''k k''' 
  |}
 
==..... Word building==
 
Many '''béu''' words can be analysed as being constructed from more basic elements.
 
We have given the structure of the '''béu''' noun phrase already (see ??). If a phrase consisting of the head plus a genitive or the head plus an adjective occur together many times and/or their meaning starts to take on nuances which are more than the sum of the two constituant elements then the two words coalesce . When 2 words coalesce ;-
 
1) The genitive suffix '''n''' is dropped
 
2) The first syllable of the first word is dropped.
 
3) The remainder of the first word is affixed to the second word.
 
Here are some examples ;-
 
 
{| border=1
  |align=right| '''gxx''' =
  |align=left| to raise ..............................
  |align=right| '''gonai''' =
  |align=left| a machine
  |align=right| '''gonai gxx.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a machine of levitation"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''gxxnai''' =
  |align=left| a lift or an elevator
  |-
  |align=right| '''glxx''' =
  |align=left| to rise
  |align=right| '''tagu''' =
  |align=left| a tool
  |align=right| '''tagu glxx.n''' =
  |align=left| "a rising tool"
  |align=center|=>
  |align=right| '''glxxgu''' =
  |align=left| a ladder
  |-
  |align=right| '''nandau''' =
  |align=left| a word
  |align=right| '''toili''' =
  |align=left| a book
  |align=right| '''toili nandau.n''' =
  |align=left| "a book of words"
  |align=center|=>
  |align=right| '''nandauli''' =
  |align=left| a dictionary
  |-
  |align=right| '''limba''' =
  |align=left| a tongue or language
  |align=right| '''myega''' =
  |align=left| a body of knowledge,
  |align=right| '''myega limba.n''' =
  |align=left| "the study of language"
  |align=center|=>
  |align=right| '''limbaga''' =
  |align=left|  linguistics
  |-
  |align=right|
  |align=left|
  |align=right|
  |align=left| a subject
  |align=right|
  |align=left|
  |align=center|
  |align=right|
  |align=left| 
  |}
 
=== Word or -DAU===
 
A word = '''nandau'''
 
{| border=1
  |align=right| '''jaudu''' =
  |align=left| movement  ...............
  |align=right| '''nandau''' =
  |align=left| a word ....................
  |align=right| '''nandau jaudu.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a word of movement"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''jaududau''' =
  |align=left| a verb
  |-
  |align=right| '''cwì''' =
  |align=left| an object, a thing(physical)
  |align=right| '''nandau''' =
  |align=left| a word
  |align=right| '''nandau cwìn''' =
  |align=left| "a word of an object"
  |align=center|=>
  |align=right| '''cwidau''' =
  |align=left| a noun
  |-
  |align=right| '''sài''' =
  |align=left| a colour
  |align=right| '''nandau''' =
  |align=left| a word
  |align=right| '''nandau sàin'''  =
  |align=left| "a word of colour"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''saidau''' =
  |align=left| an adjective
  |}
 
Actually '''jaududau''' has been shortened further and is '''jaudau'''
 
=== Person or -BU===
 
A person = '''glabu'''
 
{| border=1
  |align=right| '''ww''' =
  |align=left| a country ............................................
  |align=right| '''glabu''' =
  |align=left| a person ....................
  |align=right| '''glabu ww.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a person of country"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''wwbu''' =
  |align=left| a compatriot
  |-
  |align=right| '''xx''' =
  |align=left| to compete, to struggle
  |align=right| '''glabu''' =
  |align=left| a person
  |align=right| '''glabu xx.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a person of competition"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''xxbu''' =
  |align=left| a capitalist
  |-
  |align=right| '''yy''' =
  |align=left| to share
  |align=right| '''glabu''' =
  |align=left| a person
  |align=right| '''glabu yy.n''' =
  |align=left| "a person of sharing"
  |align=center|=>
  |align=right| '''yybu''' =
  |align=left| a socialist
  |-
  |align=right| '''zz''' =
  |align=left| the same ??
  |align=right| '''glabu''' =
  |align=left| a person
  |align=right| '''glabu zz.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a person of the same"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''zzbu''' =
  |align=left| a communist
  |}
 
=== Fellow or -PEU===
 
'''ampeu''' = a fellow, a peer, someone of the same social status as you
 
{| border=1
  |align=right| '''vv''' =
  |align=left| a womb
  |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
  |align=left| a fellow, a mate ..........
  |align=right| '''ampeu vv.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a fellow of womb"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''vvpeu''' =
  |align=left| a womb-mate, a twin
  |-
  |align=right| '''ww''' =
  |align=left| a class
  |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
  |align=left| a fellow
  |align=right| '''ampeu ww.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a person of class"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''wwpeu''' =
  |align=left| a classmate
  |-
  |align=right| '''xx''' =
  |align=left| year
  |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
  |align=left| a fellow, a mate
  |align=right| '''ampeu xx.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a year fellow"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''xxpeu''' =
  |align=left| somebody born in the same year as you
  |-
  |align=right| '''yy''' =
  |align=left| a name
  |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
  |align=left| a fellow, a mate
  |align=right| '''ampeu yy.n''' =
  |align=left| "a fellow of name"
  |align=center|=>
  |align=right| '''yypeu''' =
  |align=left| a namesake, somebody with the same name as you
  |-
  |align=right| '''zz''' =
  |align=left| aim, objective, a purpose, a cause
  |align=right| '''ampeu''' =
  |align=left| a fellow, a mate
  |align=right| '''ampeu zz.n'''  =
  |align=left| "a person of the same objective"
  |align=center|'''=>'''
  |align=right| '''zzpeu''' =
  |align=left| a comrade
  |}
 
=== Subject or -GA===
 
A field of study = '''myega'''
 
=== Book or -LI===
 
A book = '''toili'''
 
=== Tool or -GU===
 
A tool = '''tagu'''
 
=== Machine or -NAI===
 
=== Belief/theory or -GAI===
 
=== Wagon or -WAI===
 
A vehicle = '''wái'''
 
=== Building or -DO===
 
'''bundo''' = building
 
'''toilido''' = townhall ... literally bookhouse
 
=== Side or -KA===
 
'''daka''' = side
 
'''aibaka''' = a triangle
 
'''ugaka''' = a square
 
'''idaka''' = a pentagon
 
'''elaka''' = a hexagon
 
etc. etc.
 
=== Area/Station or -KAU===
 
'''dakau''' = area, face
 
'''ugakau''' = a tetrahedron
 
'''elakau''' = a cube
 
'''ezakau''' = an octahedron
 
'''ajaukau''' = a dodecahedron
 
'''ajauzakau''' = an icosahedron
 
=== Volume/Room or -KAI===
 
'''dakai''' = volume, room
 
'''moʃikai''' = water room = bathrooom
 
= bedroom
 
= cookroom
 
= livingroom
 
= store room
 
You can name the regular shapes in 4 dimensions.
 
'''idakai''' = a 5-cell
 
'''ezakai''' = an 8-cell
 
'''ajaugakai''' = a 16-cell
 
'''uvaukai''' = a 24-cell
 
'''apaukai''' = 120-cell
 
'''agaivaukai''' = 600-cell
 
=== Professional or -TAI===
 
a professional (a person who's job requires book-learning) = '''notai'''
 
=== Tradesman or -DA===
 
The suffix '''-da''' indicates a person who has learnt skills through instruction and practice, practice, practice.
 
hand = '''anda'''
 
--------------
 
metalworker = '''damaida'''
 
=== Shop or -NFU or -FU===
 
shop/stall = '''kanfu'''
 
=== Seller/Shopkeeper/Merchant or -NFAU or -FAU===
 
A shopkeeper = '''kanafau'''
 
=== Stuff or -YO===
 
=== Metal or -MAI===
 
metal = '''damai'''
 
--------
 
copper = '''ʔolimai'''
 
bronze = '''pwemai'''
 
iron/steel = '''gumai'''
 
tin = '''fujemai'''
 
lead = '''wobumai'''
 
aluminium = '''yekimai'''
 
zinc <= needle ??
 
gold <= sun ??
 
silver <= moon ??
 
=== Water or -ZE===
 
water = '''moze'''
 
--------------
 
'''moze amazon''' = water of Apple => Apple Juice = '''amaze'''
 
'''ʔolaze''' = orange juice
 
=== Air/gas or -MO===
 
Air/gas = '''camo''' ... '''jamu''' = wind
 
hydrogen = '''mozemo'''
 
helium <= sun
 
=== Group or -BO===
 
'''mebo''' = group
 
=== Member or -KE===
 
'''noke''' = member
 
=== Disease or ʔI===
 
'''lisʔi''' = disease
 
=== Fish or -PAI===
 
cuttlefish = '''byopai'''
 
=== Trees or -NYO===
 
Apple tree = '''amanyo'''
 
Mango tree = '''byonyo'''
 
=== Fruit/nuts or -ZO ... 27===
 
Apple = '''amazo'''
 
Mango = '''byozo'''
 
----------------
 
We do not want a "unit", "boat".
 
⁕⁕'''nandauli''' is a good example of '''béu''' word building. '''toili''' = book, '''nandau''' = word, '''toili nandaun''' = book of words. However if two words such as these
'''geudidau''' means extended word. It is also a good example of an extended word, in itself.
 
'''geuda''' is a verb mean'''béu'''ing to extend in one direction (usually not up). '''geudo''' is an noun meaning an extension or appendix. '''geudi''' is an adjective meaning extended.
 
'''nandau geudi''' = extended word ... now when a noun and a following adjective occur together a lot (and maybe take on a meaning slightly different) the concept they represent is normally upgraded to a word, by deleting all but the last CV (consonant vowel) in the first word, and sticking this CV on to the end of the second word.
 
Hence we get '''geudidau'''. In theory there is no limit to the combinations that can occur. However in practice (outside of technical language) there are slightly under a hundred different CV's, and the number of elements that every CV can combine with, varies from 3 or 4 up to about 40.
 
In English we have a number of common endings, such as "-ism", "-ology", "ist", etc. etc. In '''béu''' the end-stuck CV's can be thought of as equivalent to these English endings : the main difference is that this word building process is much more prevalent in '''béu'''.
 
 
The CV '''-dau''' (from '''nandau''') is found in combination with a number of other elements. For example ;-
 
 
Note that in the last example, the meaning of the extended word has shifted a bit with respect to the meaning of the original words.
 
It is possible to extend further an extended word. For example ;-
 
'''kaza''' is an adjective meaning compicated and also is a noun meaning "a complicated thing" or "a complex".
 
'''kaza cwipadaun''' = a complex of a noun => '''cwipadauza''' = a noun phrase
 
==YīnYáng==
 
'''liʒi''' and '''lugu''' can be considered the '''béu''' equivalents of Yin and Yang.
 
-----------
 
According to the Taoist tradition ...
 
Yin is characterized as slow, soft, yielding, diffuse, cold, wet, and passive; and is associated with water, earth, the moon, femininity and nighttime.
 
Yang, by contrast, is fast, hard, solid, focused, hot, dry, and aggressive; and is associated with fire, sky, the sun, masculinity and daytime.
 
-----------
 
Unfortunately the '''béu''' tradition is not so delightfully colourful. It is more workaday.
 
It is basically the association in morphology of the sound  '''i''' to the negative, and of '''u''' to the positive.
 
Also there is a weaker association of  '''i''' to the left and the past, and of '''u''' to the right and to the future.
 
 
[[Image:TW_121.png]]
 
 
'''wa''' or '''-ua''' or to a lesser extent '''u-''' are associated with positiveness.
 
Also '''ya''' or '''-ia''' or to a lesser extent '''i-''' are associated with negativity.
 
'''kludi''' and '''kludu''' might be expected to be swopped over ...
 
'''-i''' is suffixed to indicate an action already done on an object and hence there IS NOT any action pending. ( IS NOT = negative )
 
'''-u''' is suffixed to indicate an action IS pending. ( IS = positive )
 
Also '''i''' is associated with past time and '''u''' is associated with future time (refer to the tense/aspect markers).
 
In the '''béu''' mathematical tradition the primary axis is always horizontal. The origin is called the '''lala'''point.
 
Negativity is to the left of this point and positiveness to the right. ( OK not so much difference from the way we do things in the West )
 
In calculus there is a strong preference to vary other dimensions with respect to time.
 
===Units===
 
We have alread discussed numbers quite extensively.
 
Now it is time to discuss '''béu''' units ('''jada''').
 
The unit of distance is the '''yí''' (3.68 km)  ... this is actually the radius of the earth divided by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
 
The unit of height is the '''hú''' (2.13 m)  ... this is actually the '''yí''' divided by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
 
The unit of weight is the '''wó''' (5.6 kg)  ... this is actually (the weight of water in a cube with every side one  '''hú''' long) divided by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
 
The unit of area is the '''náu''' (7,839 m<sup>2</sup>)  ... this is actually (the area of a square with every side one '''hú''' long) multiplied by  by 1000<sub>12</sub>.
 
The unit of temperature is the '''mái''' (87 degrees Kelvin). This makes the temperature of the human body equal to 3 1/2 units.
 
Also 3.0 '''mái''' is -12 degrees celsius and 4.0 '''mái''' is 75 degrees celsius. As the temperature of the air is nearly always between these two limits, when people discuss the weather, they normally drop the "3".
 
The unit of time is the '''dé''' (24 hours).
 
The unit of angle is the '''ombada''' (360 degrees).
 
The unit of speed is the '''són''' (0.15333 km/hour)
 
The above units are not normally written out in full. But they have special symbols as given below.
 
 
[[Image:TW_98.png]]
 
 
Now we must lay down how the unit word interacts with the number and with the 7 number "placeholders". This must be defined for both speech and notation.
 
Well first of, if the number is such that it is next to '''omba''' (the decimal point), then '''omba''' is replaced with the units being used (in both recitation and in notation). For example '''hú''' is the unit used to measure height (it equals 2.237 mtr). My height (1.8 mtrs) would be pronounced '''hú apaijauza'''. A height of 4.037 mtrs would be pronounced as '''aja hú apaijauza'''. (see the chart above to see how this would be written down).
 
Now if the number doesn't occur next to '''omba''' but on one side of a placeholder, then the unit is placed on the opposite side from the placeholder.
 
 
[[Image:TW_99.png]]
 
 
If the number occurs on both sides of a placeholder, then the unit is place at the very front.
 
 
[[Image:TW_100.png]]
 
 
Notice that in the notation the numbers must be contiguous with the placeholders. If there is a gap, then the sign for "h" must be inserted into the gap. Exactly as we insert zero's. But one different between our system and the '''béu''' system, is, in our system, zero's must be inserted to make the number contiguous with the decimal point (assuming we are using non-scientific notation), in the '''béu''' system "h"'s must be inserted to make the number contiguous with any placeholders that are used.
 
The '''béu''' system may at first appear more complicated then the systems currently used. However it is all a matter of familiarity. It is just due to exposure to it for most of our lives that, for example, using hours, minutes and seconds seems so easy. With all equal amount of exposure, the '''béu''' system would be even easier.
 
In our SI system, magnitude words are prefixed to the unit of measurement (for example "kilo" in kilometre). '''béu''' also has magnitude words (the placeholders) but they are inserted into the number itself (the '''béu''' system is better than the SI system because you get a different magnitude word every time your dynamic range passes 1728). Notationwise, it is a bit similar to the way we use comma's to separate a long number string into groups of three digits.
 
==This is rubbish==
 
The '''plovaza''' (adjective phrase) is a clause that sets the scene for the main action.
1) "waiting on tables six nights a week", Kirsty had come to know all the regular customers // "their mains flowing", they ran across the field and down to the river.
 
2) "his leg broken", he slowly crawled up the sand dune and ...
 
3) "having to pack all the stereos before lunch", he did not stop for a tea-break.
 
------
In English grammar this is called a nominative absolute construction. It is a free-standing (absolute) part of a sentence that describes or modifies the main subject and verb. It is usually at the beginning or end of the sentence, although it can also appear in the middle. Its parallel is the ablative absolute in Latin, or the genitive absolute in Greek.
------
 
==Index==
 
{{Béu Index}}

Latest revision as of 00:33, 29 December 2015

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