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| {{Kala 2}}
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| ==Verbs==
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| === tense / aspect ===
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| *[[Kala]] does not distinguish perfect and imperfect aspects of the verb (e.g. ‘I ate’, ‘I used to eat’, ‘I | |
| have eaten’, ‘I had eaten’). However, one can easily clarify the temporal sequence of two actions by
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| marking the earlier one with the adverbial '''tsa''' (‘already’).
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| ===mood===
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| ====modal particles====
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| The conditional mood is formed with the particle '''iya'''.
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| * '''iya na ina'''
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| :<tt>COND 1.S eat</tt>
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| :I might be eating.
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| The imperative mood is formed with the particle '''kya'''.
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| * '''kya ina'''
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| :<tt>IMP eat</tt>
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| :Eat!
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| ====modal affixes====
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| The negative mood is formed with the suffix '''-k'''.
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| * '''na inak'''
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| :<tt>1.S eat.NEG</tt>
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| :I do not eat / I am not eating.
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| The volitive mood is formed with the suffix '''-ue''' (from '''ueha''' - to want, desire).
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| * '''na inaue'''
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| :<tt>1.S eat.VOL</tt>
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| :I want to eat.
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| The necessitative mood is formed with the suffix '''-he''' (from '''heya''' - to need, require).
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| * '''na inahe'''
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| :<tt>1.S eat.NEC</tt>
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| :I need to eat.
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| The abilitative mood is formed with the suffix '''-pa''' (from '''pala''' - to be able).
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| * '''na inapa'''
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| :<tt>1.S eat.ABIL</tt>
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| :I am able to eat./ I can eat.
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| The attemptative mood is formed with the suffix '''-pya''' (from '''upya''' - to attempt, try).
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| * '''na inapya'''
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| :<tt>1.S eat.ATT</tt>
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| :I am trying to eat./ I attempt to eat.
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| The permissive mood is formed with the suffix '''-myo''' (from '''myonta''' - to allow, permit).
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| * '''ha inamyo'''
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| :<tt>3.S eat.PERM</tt>
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| :She is allowed to eat. / She may eat.
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| ===voice===
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| The passive voice is formed by attaching the accusative prefix '''e-''' to the pronoun or by placing the topic marker '''ke''' immediately before the patient of the verb.
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| * '''ena ina'''
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| :<tt>ACC.1.S eat</tt>
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| :I am eaten. / I am being eaten.
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| * '''eha anyaye'''
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| :<tt>ACC.3.S see.PAST</tt>
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| :She was seen. / He was being watched.
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| * '''ke mihu itsa'''
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| :<tt>TOP cat love</tt>
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| :The cat is loved. / The cat is being loved.
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| == Index ==
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| {{Kala index}}
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| [[Category:Kala]]
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