|
|
| (189 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Workinprogress}}
| | Lingua tonale: |
|
| |
|
| '''Nytal''' is a costructed fantasy language, born to be isolated and not related to any linguistic family in the world.
| | * a: tono neutro alto [<sub>4-4</sub>] |
| | * ā: tono neutro basso [<sub>2-2</sub>] |
| | * à: tono discendente [<sub>5-2</sub>] |
| | * á: tono ascendente [<sub>3-5</sub>] |
| | * â: tono ascendente-discendente [<sub>2-5-4</sub>] |
|
| |
|
| ==Phonology and Pronounce==
| | Nome della lingua: '''kôt''' |
|
| |
|
| ===Basical pronounce===
| | Suffissi personali:<br> |
| | Io: '''-tên-'''<br> |
| | Tu: '''-kśȳn-'''<br> |
| | Egli: '''-fót-'''<br> |
| | Noi (incl): '''-mar-'''<br> |
| | Noi (escl): '''-rrejn-'''<br> |
| | Voi: '''-kîś-'''<br> |
| | Io: '''-fnàt-'''<br> |
|
| |
|
| * '''''a''''' = like '''a''' in ''father''
| | Suffissi verbali:<br> |
| | '''ve-''': imperfettivo<br> |
| | '''fjô-''': perfettivo<br> |
| | '''sá-''': ripetitivo<br> |
| | '''ćû-''': continuo<br> |
|
| |
|
| * '''''b''''' = as in English
| | '''ku-''': passato<br> |
| | '''ci-''': passato arcaico<br> |
| | '''lê-''': passato momentaneo<br> |
| | '''łok-''': futuro<br> |
| | '''ljúq-''': futuro remoto<br> |
|
| |
|
| * '''''c''''' = always like '''ch''' in ''church''
| | '''s-''': imperativo<br> |
| | '''lōv-''': imperativo di cortesia<br> |
|
| |
|
| * '''''d''''' = as in English
| | '''tók-''': volitivo<br> |
| | '''peć-''': causativo<br> |
| | '''ná-''': incoativo<br> |
| | '''ûc-''': continuativo<br> |
| | '''kjêv-''': terminativo<br> |
| | '''lun-''': ottativo<br> |
| | '''nâ-''': renarrativo<br> |
| | '''bē-''': dubitativo<br> |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| | |
| |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| | '''mô-''': interrogativo<br> |
| | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Place of articulation]] →
| | '''pô-''': passivo<br> |
| ! colspan=2 | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
| | '''so-''': riflessivo<br> |
| ! colspan=4 | [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
| | |
| ! colspan=4 | [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
| | '''gł-''': negativo<br> |
| ! colspan=4 | [[Radical consonant|Radical]]
| | |
| ! colspan=2 | [[Glottal consonant|(none)]]
| | Suffissi nominali:<br> |
| |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em"
| | '''a-''': determinativo<br> |
| | style="font-size: 90%;" | [[Manner of articulation]] ↓
| | '''kôl-''': quello<br> |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bi­la­bial]]
| | '''suź-''': questo<br> |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiodental consonant|La­bio‐<br/>den­tal]]
| | |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Dental consonant|Den­tal]]
| | La casa è grande: '''arrýnćûpûl''': ''DET + casa + CONT + grande''<br> |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar consonant|Al­veo­lar]]
| | Ho letto un bel libro: '''fjôkumîtmûłtlêtên''': ''PERF + PASS + libro + bellezza + lettura + io''<br> |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post‐<br/>al­veo­lar]]
| | Avete letto quel libro?: '''môvekukôlmîttlêkîś''': ''QUES + IMPERF + PASS + quello + libro + lettura + voi''<br> |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Retroflex consonant|Re­tro‐<br/>flex]]
| | Questo libro è bello: '''suźmîtćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br> |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatal consonant|Pa­la­tal]]
| | Questo libro non è bello: '''suźmîtćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + CONT + bellezza''<br> |
| ! style="width: 4em;" | [[Velar consonant|Ve­lar]]
| | Non credo/Dubito che questo libro sia bello: '''suźmîtbēćûmûł''': ''questo + libro + DUBIT + CONT + bellezza''<br> |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvu­lar]]
| | Dicono che questo libro non sia bello: '''suźmîtnâćûgłmûł''': ''questo + libro + RENARR + CONT + NEG + bellezza''<br> |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pha­ryn‐<br/>geal]]
| | Vogliamo comprare quel libro: '''vetókkôlmîtbréźrrejn''': ''IMPERF + VOLIT + quello + libro + compr + noi(escl)''<br> |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Epiglottal consonant|Epi‐<br/>glot­tal]]
| | Piove: '''vefrenśàg''': ''IMPERF + pioggia + caduta''<br> |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Glottal consonant|Glot­tal]]
| | Comincia a piove: '''vefrennáśàg''': ''IMPERF + INCOAT + pioggia + caduta''<br> |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| | Sembra che continui a piovere: '''veûcfrennâśàg''': ''IMPERF + CONTINUATIVO + pioggia + RENARR + caduta''<br> |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| | Vorrei che smettesse di piovere: '''fjôtókkjêvfrenśàgtên''': ''PERF + VOLITIVO + TERMINATIVO + pioggia + + caduta + IO''<br> |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[bilabial nasal|{{IPA|m}}]]
| | |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[labiodental nasal|{{IPA|ɱ}}]]
| | * '''bréź''': acquisto |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | [[alveolar nasal|{{IPA|n}}]]
| | * '''fren''': pioggia |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[retroflex nasal|{{IPA|ɳ}}]]
| | * '''kôt''': lingua kôt |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[palatal nasal|{{IPA|ɲ}}]]
| | * '''mît''': libro |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[velar nasal|{{IPA|ŋ}}]]</span>
| | * '''mûł''': essere bello |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[uvular nasal|{{IPA|ɴ}}]]
| | * '''pûl''': essere grande |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="6" style="background:#ccc" |
| | * '''rrýn''': casa |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| | * '''śàg''': caduta |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Plosive consonant|Plosive]]
| | * '''tlê''': lettura |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless bilabial plosive|{{IPA|p}}]] [[voiced bilabial plosive|{{IPA|b}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless labiodental plosive|*]] [[voiced labiodental plosive|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="3" |[[voiceless alveolar plosive|{{IPA|t}}]] [[voiced alveolar plosive|{{IPA|d}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless retroflex plosive|{{IPA|ʈ}}]] [[voiced retroflex plosive|{{IPA|ɖ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless palatal plosive|{{IPA|c}}]] [[voiced palatal plosive|{{IPA|ɟ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless velar plosive|{{IPA|k}}]] [[voiced velar plosive|{{IPA|ɡ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[voiceless uvular plosive|{{IPA|q}}]] [[voiced uvular plosive|{{IPA|ɢ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[epiglottal plosive|{{IPA|ʡ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[glottal stop|{{IPA|ʔ}}]]
| |
| | style="width: 1em; background:#ccc" |
| |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless bilabial fricative|{{IPA|ɸ}}]] [[voiced bilabial fricative|{{IPA|β}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless labiodental fricative|{{IPA|f}}]] [[voiced labiodental fricative|{{IPA|v}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless dental fricative|{{IPA|θ}}]] [[voiced dental fricative|{{IPA|ð}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless alveolar fricative|{{IPA|s}}]] [[voiced alveolar fricative|{{IPA|z}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʃ}}]] [[voiced postalveolar fricative|{{IPA|ʒ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless retroflex fricative|{{IPA|ʂ}}]] [[voiced retroflex fricative|{{IPA|ʐ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless palatal fricative|{{IPA|ç}}]] [[voiced palatal fricative|{{IPA|ʝ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless velar fricative|{{IPA|x}}]] [[voiced velar fricative|{{IPA|ɣ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless uvular fricative|{{IPA|χ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced uvular fricative|{{IPA|ʁ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative|{{IPA|ħ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced pharyngeal fricative|{{IPA|ʕ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiceless epiglottal fricative|{{IPA|ʜ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[voiced epiglottal fricative|{{IPA|ʢ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[voiceless glottal fricative|{{IPA|h}}]] [[voiced glottal fricative|{{IPA|ɦ}}]]
| |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Approximant consonant|Approx­imant]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[bilabial approximant|{{IPA|β̞}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[labiodental approximant|{{IPA|ʋ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | [[alveolar approximant|{{IPA|ɹ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[retroflex approximant|{{IPA|ɻ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[palatal approximant|{{IPA|j}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[velar approximant|{{IPA|ɰ}}]]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[bilabial trill|{{IPA|ʙ}}]]
| |
| |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | [[alveolar trill|{{IPA|r}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[retroflex trill|{{IPA|*}}]]
| |
| |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[uvular trill|{{IPA|ʀ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[epiglottal trill|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Flap consonant|Tap or Flap]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[bilabial flap|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[Image:Labiodental flap (Gentium).png|10px|Labiodental flap]][[labiodental flap|<sup>†</sup>]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | [[alveolar tap|{{IPA|ɾ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[retroflex flap|{{IPA|ɽ}}]]
| |
| |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" | [[epiglottal flap|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Fricative]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|{{IPA|ɬ}}]] [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative|{{IPA|ɮ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless retroflex lateral fricative|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless palatal lateral fricative|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[voiceless velar lateral fricative|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Approx­imant]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="3" | [[alveolar lateral approximant|{{IPA|l}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[retroflex lateral approximant|{{IPA|ɭ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[palatal lateral approximant|{{IPA|ʎ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[velar lateral approximant|{{IPA|ʟ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| |- style="font-size: 120%;"
| |
| ! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left" | [[Lateral consonant|Lateral Flap]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan=2 style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan=3 | [[alveolar lateral flap|{{IPA|ɺ}}]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[retroflex lateral flap|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[palatal lateral flap|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" | [[velar lateral flap|*]]
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="2" |
| |
| | class="nounderlines" colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" |
| |
| |}
| |
