Mordvinic/Multipersonal: Difference between revisions

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The Mordvinic languages sport a system of multipersonal verbal agreement, operating separate from the common Uralic subject agreement conjugation.
The Mordvinic languages sport a system of multipersonal verbal agreement, operating separate from the common Uralic subject agreement conjugation.


If two forms are listed, the upper is the present, the lower the preterite.
Of the two forms listed per slot, the upper is the present, the lower the preterite.


==Erzya==
==Erzya==
Line 12: Line 12:
|-
|-
! 1PS
! 1PS
| colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
| -samak<br/>-imik || -samiź<br/>-imiź
| -sa·mak<br/>-i·mik || -sa·miź<br/>-i·miź
| -samam<br/>-imim || -samiź<br/>-imiź
| -sa·mam<br/>-i·mim || -sa·miź<br/>-i·miź
|-
|-
! 1PP
! 1PP
| colspan="2"| -samiź<br/>-miź
| colspan="2"| -sa·miź<br/>-∅·miź
| colspan="2"| -samiź<br/>-maź
| colspan="2"| -sa·miź<br/>-∅·maź
|-
|-
! 2PS
! 2PS
| -tan<br/>-iťiń || rowspan="2"| -tadiź<br/>-iďiź
| -ta·n<br/>-i·ťiń || style="border-bottom:0;"|
|colspan="2" rowspan="2"| N/A
|colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
|colspan="2"| -tanzat<br/>-ińźiť
|colspan="2"| -ta·nzat<br/>-i·ńźiť
|-
|-
! 2PP
! 2PP
| -tadiź<br/>-iďiź
| style="border-right:0;"| || style="border-left:0;border-top:0"| -ta·diź<br/>-i·ďiź
|colspan="2"| -tadiź<br/>-iďiź
|colspan="2"| -ta·diź<br/>-i·ďiź
|-
|-
! 3PS
! 3PS
| -sa<br/>-ija || rowspan="2"| -sińek<br/>-ińek
| -sa·∅<br/>-i·ja || rowspan="2"| -s·ińek<br/>-∅·ińek
| -sak<br/>-ik || rowspan="2"| -sink<br/>-ink
| -sa·k<br/>-i·k || rowspan="2"| -s·ink<br/>-∅·ink
| -si/-sazo<br/>-iźe || rowspan="2"| -siź<br/>-iź
| -si/-sazo<br/>-iźe || rowspan="2"| -s·iź<br/>-∅·iź
|-
|-
! 3PP
! 3PP
| -siń<br/>-iń || -siť<br/>-iť || -sinze<br/>-inze
| -s·iń<br/>-∅·iń || -s·iť<br/>-∅·iť || -s·inze<br/>-∅·inze
|}
|}


==Mokša==
===Single-person markers===
For comparison. //O// = /e/ ~ /o/, per vowel harmony; //T N// = /t n/ ~ /ť ń/, per palatal harmony.
{| class="wikitable"
! !! 1PS !! 1PP !! 2PS !! 2PP !! 3PS !! 3PP
|-
! Verbal suffix
| -an<br/>-iń|| -Tano<br/>-ińek || -at<br/>-iť || -Tado<br/>-iďe || -i<br/>-ś || -iť<br/>-śť
|-
! Nominal predication
| -an<br/>-Oĺ·iń || -Tano<br/>-Oĺ·ińek || -at<br/>-Oĺ·iť || -Tado<br/>-Oĺ·iďe || -∅<br/>-Oĺ·∅ || -∅<br/>-Oĺ·ť
|-
! Possessive suffix
| '''sg.''' -m<br/>'''pl.''' -n || -NOk || '''sg.''' -t<br/>'''pl.''' -nt || -ŋk || '''sg.''' -zO<br/>'''pl.''' -nzO || -st
|-
! Pronoun (nominative)
| mon || miń || ton || tiń || son || siń
|}
The 2PSg plural possessive suffix is not used in standard Erzya, only dialectally.
 
==Moksha==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Subject →<br/>Object ↓
! Subject →<br/>Object ↓
! 1PS !! 2PS !! 3PS
! 1PS !! 1PP
! 1PP !! 2PP !! 3PP  
! 2PS !! 2PP
! 3PS !! 3PP  
|-
|-
! 1PS
! 1PS
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
| -samak<br/>-majť || style="border-bottom:0;"|
| -sa·mań<br/>-∅·mań || -sa·maź<br/>-∅·maź
|-
! 1PP
| style="border-right:0;"| || style="border-left:0;border-top:0"| -sa·maśť<br/>-∅·maśť
| -samaź<br/>-? || -samaź<br/>-?
|-
|-
! 2PS
! 2PS
| -ťä<br/>-çťəń || style="border-bottom:0;"|
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"| N/A
| colspan="2"| -ta·nza(t)<br/>-∅·nźä
|-
! 2PP
| style="border-right:0;"| || style="border-left:0;border-top:0"| -ťä·ďäź<br/>-∅·ďäź
| colspan="2"| -ťä·ďäź<br/>-∅·ďäź
|-
|-
! 3PS
! 3PS
|-
| -sa(n)<br/>-jńä, -jä || rowspan="2"| -saśk<br/>-śk, -ńək
! 1PP
| -sak<br/>-jť, -jk || rowspan="2"| -saśť, -sajəńť, -sańk<br/>-śť, -jəńť, -ńk
|-
| -si<br/>-źä || rowspan="2"| -saź<br/>-ź
! 2PP
|-
|-
! 3PP
! 3PP
| -sajńä<br/>-zəń
| -sajť<br/>-zəń
| -sińä<br/>-zəń
|}
|}
==Sources==
* László Keresztes (1999): ''[http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust233.html Development of Mordvin Definite Conjugation]''. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 233.
* Jack Rueter (2010): ''[http://www.sgr.fi/sust/sust261/sust261.html, Adnominal Person in the Morphological System of Erzya]''. PhD thesis. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 261.

Latest revision as of 09:46, 12 July 2014

The Mordvinic languages sport a system of multipersonal verbal agreement, operating separate from the common Uralic subject agreement conjugation.

Of the two forms listed per slot, the upper is the present, the lower the preterite.

Erzya

Subject →
Object ↓ 		1PS 1PP 2PS 2PP 3PS 3PP
1PS N/A -sa·mak
-i·mik		 -sa·miź
-i·miź 		-sa·mam
-i·mim		 -sa·miź
-i·miź
1PP -sa·miź
-∅·miź 		-sa·miź
-∅·maź
2PS -ta·n
-i·ťiń		 N/A -ta·nzat
-i·ńźiť
2PP -ta·diź
-i·ďiź 		-ta·diź
-i·ďiź
3PS -sa·∅
-i·ja		 -s·ińek
-∅·ińek 		-sa·k
-i·k		 -s·ink
-∅·ink 		-si/-sazo
-iźe		 -s·iź
-∅·iź
3PP -s·iń
-∅·iń		 -s·iť
-∅·iť		 -s·inze
-∅·inze

Single-person markers

For comparison. //O// = /e/ ~ /o/, per vowel harmony; //T N// = /t n/ ~ /ť ń/, per palatal harmony.

1PS 1PP 2PS 2PP 3PS 3PP
Verbal suffix -an
-iń		 -Tano
-ińek		 -at
-iť		 -Tado
-iďe		 -i
-ś		 -iť
-śť
Nominal predication -an
-Oĺ·iń		 -Tano
-Oĺ·ińek		 -at
-Oĺ·iť		 -Tado
-Oĺ·iďe		 -∅
-Oĺ·∅		 -∅
-Oĺ·ť
Possessive suffix sg. -m
pl. -n		 -NOk sg. -t
pl. -nt		 -ŋk sg. -zO
pl. -nzO		 -st
Pronoun (nominative) mon miń ton tiń son siń

The 2PSg plural possessive suffix is not used in standard Erzya, only dialectally.

Moksha

Subject →
Object ↓ 		1PS 1PP 2PS 2PP 3PS 3PP
1PS N/A -samak
-majť		 -sa·mań
-∅·mań		 -sa·maź
-∅·maź
1PP -sa·maśť
-∅·maśť 		-samaź
-?		 -samaź
-?
2PS -ťä
-çťəń		 N/A -ta·nza(t)
-∅·nźä
2PP -ťä·ďäź
-∅·ďäź 		-ťä·ďäź
-∅·ďäź
3PS -sa(n)
-jńä, -jä		 -saśk
-śk, -ńək 		-sak
-jť, -jk		 -saśť, -sajəńť, -sańk
-śť, -jəńť, -ńk 		-si
-źä		 -saź
-ź
3PP -sajńä
-zəń 		-sajť
-zəń 		-sińä
-zəń

Sources

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