Inspirational Natlangs: Difference between revisions

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{| class="graytable center"
| class="bg1" style="padding:.5em;"| ''A mirror of this page exists at [http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Inspirational_Natlangs KneeQuickie]. Note that both pages are updated independently, and thus may not always feature the same content.''
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With a little digging, one can easily find quite a selection of freely-available grammars on the web.  Normally I just download these and dump them into my e-reader, but then if I want to direct someone else to a grammar, I have to go hunting again.  It seemed useful to make a list.
With a little digging, one can easily find quite a selection of freely-available grammars on the web.  Normally I just download these and dump them into my e-reader, but then if I want to direct someone else to a grammar, I have to go hunting again.  It seemed useful to make a list.


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== Africa ==
== Africa ==
* [http://www.smcm.edu/gambia/documents/publications/gamble/Gamble%2014.pdf Firdu-Fula Grammar (Gambian Dialect)]
* [http://www.igboguide.org/HT-igbogrammar.htm Igbo sketch]
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED217690.pdf Kpelle: A Reference Handbook of Phonetics, Grammar, Lexicon and Learning Procedures]
* [http://escholarship.org/uc/item/846308w2 A Grammar of Nzadi] (Bantu)
* [http://dedalvs.com/dl/pular.pdf Pular (Fuuta Jallon) Tutorial]
* [http://www.sil.org/silepubs/Pubs/52718/52718_EatonH_Sandawe_Grammar.pdf Sandawe Grammar] (Khoisan)
* [http://wolofresources.org/language/download/grammar.pdf Wolof]
* [http://www.africananaphora.rutgers.edu/downloads/casefiles/YorubaGS.pdf Yoruba], very brief
* [http://www.africananaphora.rutgers.edu/downloads/casefiles/YorubaGS.pdf Yoruba], very brief


== Middle-East and Caucasus ==
== Middle-East and Caucasus ==
=== Northeast Caucasian ===
=== Northeast Caucasian ===
* [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/dspace/bitstream/1887/14522/2/a+Grammar+of+Khwarshi.pdf A Grammar of Khwarshi]
* [http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nn7z6w5 Ingush Grammar]
* [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/14522/a+Grammar+of+Khwarshi.pdf?sequence=2 A Grammar of Khwarshi]
* [http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~wschulze/Lak.htm Lak] somewhat light
* [http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~wschulze/Lak.htm Lak] somewhat light


== Central Asia ==
=== Afro-Asiatic ===
* [http://knp.prs.heacademy.ac.uk/cuneiformrevealed/akkadianlanguage/ The Akkadian language: grammar and vocabulary] (a little sparse)
* [http://berryosfiles.com/adoniqam/Aramith/A%20short%20grammar%20on%20Biblical%20Aramaic.pdf A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic]
* [http://www.metalog.org/files/Plumley.pdf An Introductory Coptic Grammar] (Sahidic)
* [http://tmcdaniel.palmerseminary.edu/GeseniusGrammar.pdf Hebrew Grammar] (Modern typesetting of classic Gesenius)
* [http://www.aboutmalta.com/grazio/maltesegrammar.html Basic Maltese Grammar]
 
=== Other Families and Isolates ===
* [http://www.premiumwanadoo.com/cuneiform.languages/hittite_grammar.pdf Hittite Grammar]
* [http://home.comcast.net/~foxvog/Grammar.pdf Introduction to Sumerian Grammar]
 
== Central Asia and Siberia ==
* [http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dick/Summaries/Languages/Burushaski.pdf Burushaski], an isolate.
* [http://www.cs.vu.nl/~dick/Summaries/Languages/Burushaski.pdf Burushaski], an isolate.
* [http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/sketch.html Tundra Nenets Grammatical Sketch]
=== Indo-European ===
* [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/OldAvestan/index.html Introduction to Old Avestan]
* [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Sogdian/index.html Introduction to Manichaean Sogdian]


== South Asia ==
== South Asia ==
=== Indo-European ===
* [http://iils.org/pdf/TheKashmiriLanguage.pdf Kashmiri: a Grammatical Sketch]
* [http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/paligram.pdf A Practical Grammar of the Pali Language]
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED399825.pdf A Reference Grammar of Pashto]
=== Other Families and Isolates ===
* [http://v2.linguistlist.org/~lapolla/downloads/Post_PhD_A_Grammar_of_Galo_As_Submitted.pdf A Grammar of Galo] (Tibeto-Burman)
* [http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~schackow/dateien/Schackow2010_Yakkha.pdf Aspects of Yakkha Grammar] (Kiranti Tibeto-Burman)


== East and South-east Asia ==
== East and South-east Asia ==
* [http://www.unilang.org/course.php?res=58 Ainu for Beginners] 58 lessons
* [http://www.rdbusser.org/pub/DeBusser2009TowardsAGrammarOfTakivatanBunun%5BFinalVers_20091027_Online%5D.pdf Towards a Grammar of Takivatun Banun] (Formosan Austronesian)
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED017904 A Generative Sketch of Burmese]
* [https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/11466 A Grammar of Kurtop] (Tibeto-Burman)
* [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Manchu_Grammar A Manchu Grammar] (a bit old)
* [http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/16474.pdf Nùng Grammar] (Tai-Kadai)
* [http://www.thai-language.com/FSI/FSI%20-%20Thai%20Reference%20Grammar.pdf Thai Reference Grammar]


== Australia and Polynesia ==
== Australia and Polynesia ==
* [http://www.lotpublications.nl/publish/articles/002298/bookpart.pdf A Grammar of Abui]
* [http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/46660/Bariai%20Grammar%20Sketch.pdf Bariai Grammar Sketch]
* [http://www.lotpublications.nl/publish/articles/001304/bookpart.pdf The Begak (Ida'an) Language of Sabah] (huge grammar, with several interlinearized texts)
* [http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1259 Materials on Golin: Grammar, Texts and Dictionary]
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED385151.pdf A Grammar Sketch of the Kaki Ae Language]
* [http://www.trussel.com/kir/gram00.htm Te taetae ni Kiribati] Kiribati Language Lessons
* [http://www3.surrey.ac.uk/lcts/bill.palmer/NWS_site/Kok/gram.htm Grammar of the Kokota Language] (Austronesian)
* [http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/37101/Kuot_Gram_Essen.pdf Kuot Grammar Essentials]
* [http://www2.lingfil.uu.se/ling/semfiler/westerlund_d_vt07.pdf A Grammatical Sketch of Ngarla: A Language of Western Australia]
* [http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/bk1/kitlv/cowan-1965.pdf Grammar of the Sentani Language]
* [http://www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/24466/Tungak_Grammar_Essentials.pdf Tungak Grammar Essentials]


== North and Central America ==
== North and Central America ==
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* [http://imp.lss.wisc.edu/~jrvalent/AIS/index.html Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe)]: not as tidy as it could be
* [http://imp.lss.wisc.edu/~jrvalent/AIS/index.html Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe)]: not as tidy as it could be


=== Athabascan ===
=== Caddoan ===
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED192606.pdf Introduction to the Arikara Langage] some pages poorly scanned
* [http://www.colorado.edu/linguistics/faculty/rood-old/Wichita/SketchofWichita.pdf Sketch of Wichita, a Caddoan Language], almost no syntax
 
=== Iroquoian ===
* [http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/4212/1/umi-ku-2613_1.pdf A Reference Grammar of Oklahoma Cherokee]
* [http://www.uwgb.edu/oneida/Grammar.html Oneida Dictionary and Teaching Grammar]
 
=== Mayan ===
* [http://home.snafu.de/duerr/PDF_Doku/Kichekurs.pdf Einführung in das kolonialzeitliche K’iche’ (Quiché)]
* [http://anthro.ucsd.edu/~jhaviland/Publications/stodomgrammar.pdf Tzotzil], grammar summary from a dictionary
* [http://www.famsi.org/reports/96072/grammar/index.html A Grammar of the Yucatecan Mayan Language]
 
=== Na-Dene ===
* [http://chinook.kpc.alaska.edu/~ifasb/documents/denaina_grammar.pdf Introduction to Dena'ina: Kenai (Outer Inlet) Dialect]
* [http://chinook.kpc.alaska.edu/~ifasb/documents/denaina_grammar.pdf Introduction to Dena'ina: Kenai (Outer Inlet) Dialect]
* [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/documents/dissertations/golla-1970.pdf Hupa Grammar]; [http://humboldt-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2148/48/HupaLanguageDictionary.pdf?sequence=1 Hupa Language Dictionary]
* [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/documents/dissertations/golla-1970.pdf Hupa Grammar]; [http://humboldt-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2148/48/HupaLanguageDictionary.pdf?sequence=1 Hupa Language Dictionary]
* [http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:408284:3/component/escidoc:408283/athabaskan_holton2000_s.pdf Phonology and Morphology of Tanacross]
* [http://www.drangle.com/~james/grammar/ Tlingit Grammar Outline]
=== Sahaptin ===
* [https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/10901 Yakima Ichishkíin]
* [http://www.u.arizona.edu/~cashcash/Nez%20Perce%20Verb%20Morphology.pdf Nez Perce Verb Morphology]; [http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ardeal/Deal-dissertation-2010.pdf Topics in the Nez Perce Verb] (dissertation)


=== Salishan ===  
=== Salishan ===  
* Coeur d'Alene [http://ivydoak.com/Coeurd'Alene/grammar/crgrammar.htm grammar] and [http://ivydoak.com/Coeurd'Alene/ReichardTexts.htm texts] (not always tidy)
* Coeur d'Alene [http://ivydoak.com/Coeurd'Alene/grammar/crgrammar.htm grammar] and [http://ivydoak.com/Coeurd'Alene/ReichardTexts.htm texts] (not always tidy)
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED083861.pdf Spokan Grammar]  
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED083861.pdf Spokan Grammar]
* [http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/7014/b18025754.pdf Aspect and category in Okanagan word formation]
* [http://www.linguistics.ubc.ca/icsnl The Kinkade Collection: the On-Line Archive of Papers for the International Conference on Salish (and Neighbo(u)ring) Languages]


=== Uto-Aztecan ===
=== Uto-Aztecan ===
* [http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/21478.pdf UA Overview]
* [http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/21478.pdf UA Overview]
* [http://www.chemehuevilanguage.org/ Chemehuevi] field notes, dissertation, grammar and sound files.
* [http://www.chemehuevilanguage.org/ Chemehuevi] field notes, dissertation, grammar and sound files.
* [http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2mz6t67j A Grammar of Cupeño]
* [http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/15223.pdf Modern Aztecan Grammatical Sketches]: Tetelcinco Nahuatl, North Puebla Nahuatl, Huasteca Nahuatl, Michoacán Nahual
* [http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/15223.pdf Modern Aztecan Grammatical Sketches]: Tetelcinco Nahuatl, North Puebla Nahuatl, Huasteca Nahuatl, Michoacán Nahual
* [http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/15222.pdf Northern UA Grammatical Sketches]: Northern Paiute, Papago, Northern Tepehuan
* [http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/15222.pdf Northern UA Grammatical Sketches]: Northern Paiute, Papago, Northern Tepehuan
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=== Other Families and Isolates ===
=== Other Families and Isolates ===
* [http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8309x2k0 Chimariko Grammar]
* [http://www.albany.edu/anthro/fac/broadwell/choctawsketch2.pdf Choctaw] sketch
* [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/documents/dissertations/okrand-1977.pdf Mutsun Grammar] (Utian) by Marc Okrand, the inventor of Klingon
* [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/documents/dissertations/okrand-1977.pdf Mutsun Grammar] (Utian) by Marc Okrand, the inventor of Klingon
* [http://www.uwgb.edu/oneida/Grammar.html Oneida Dictionary and Teaching Grammar] (Iroquoian)
* [http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~totonaco/PDF/UNT.pdf Upper Necaxa Totonac]
* [http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~totonaco/PDF/UNT.pdf Upper Necaxa Totonac]
* [http://www.u.arizona.edu/~cashcash/Nez%20Perce%20Verb%20Morphology.pdf Nez Perce Verb Morphology]; [http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ardeal/Deal-dissertation-2010.pdf Topics in the Nez Perce Verb] (dissertation)
* [http://depts.washington.edu/wll2/files/davidson_02_diss.pdf Studies in Southern Wakashan (Nootkan) Grammar] (Nuuchahnulth and Makah)
* [http://anthro.ucsd.edu/~jhaviland/Publications/stodomgrammar.pdf Tzotzil], grammar summary from a dictionary
* [http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucpress/ucpl/vol_138 A Reference Grammar of Wappo] viewable online, but you have to pay to download
* [http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucpress/ucpl/vol_138 A Reference Grammar of Wappo] viewable online, but you have to pay to download


== South America ==
== South America ==
* [http://wings.buffalo.edu/linguistics/people/students/dissertations/Facundes.pdf The Language of the Apurinã People of Brazil (Maipure/Arawak)]
* [http://www.sil.org/silepubs/abstract.asp?id=928474543236 A Grammar Sketch and Lexicon of Arawak]
* [http://www.ilcanet.org/publicaciones/pdf_compendio.html Aymara] (Spanish)
* [http://www.ilcanet.org/publicaciones/pdf_compendio.html Aymara] (Spanish)
* [https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/11051 Kokama-Kokamilla]
* [http://scholarship.rice.edu/handle/1911/18526 A Grammar of Matses]
* [http://www.andes.org/q_grammar.html Quechua] very sparse  
* [http://www.andes.org/q_grammar.html Quechua] very sparse  
* [http://www.fflch.usp.br/dlcv/tupi/index.html A course in Old Tupi] (Portuguese)
* [http://www.fflch.usp.br/dlcv/tupi/index.html A course in Old Tupi] (Portuguese)
[[Category:Natlang Resources]]
[[Category:Linguistics]]

Latest revision as of 04:01, 2 June 2012

A mirror of this page exists at KneeQuickie. Note that both pages are updated independently, and thus may not always feature the same content.

With a little digging, one can easily find quite a selection of freely-available grammars on the web. Normally I just download these and dump them into my e-reader, but then if I want to direct someone else to a grammar, I have to go hunting again. It seemed useful to make a list.

I do not include Wikipedia pages in this list. Some languages have their phonologies and morphologies very well described there, but most articles are very weak on syntax.

The organization below is based on region rather than family. I have no particular attachment to this scheme, if someone has a more useful plan.

Africa

Middle-East and Caucasus

Northeast Caucasian

Afro-Asiatic

Other Families and Isolates

Central Asia and Siberia

Indo-European

South Asia

Indo-European

Other Families and Isolates

East and South-east Asia

Australia and Polynesia

North and Central America

Algonquin

Caddoan

Iroquoian

Mayan

Na-Dene

Sahaptin

Salishan

Uto-Aztecan

Other Families and Isolates

South America

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