Voiceless labiodental fricative: Difference between revisions
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!style="background:#CCCCFF;" colspan=2 align="center"| <big>f</big> | |||
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|colspan=2 align="center"| Pulmonic Consonant | |||
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| [[IPA]] || f | |||
|- | |||
| [[X-SAMPA]] || <tt>f</tt> | |||
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| [[Kirshenbaum]] || f | |||
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| Place of Articulation: || [[Labiodental]] | |||
|- | |||
| Manner of Articulation: || [[Fricative]] | |||
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| [[Phonological feature]]s: | |||
| [+[[consonant]]al] <br> '''[+<small>LABIAL</small>]''' <br> [+[[continuant]]] <br> [+[[strident]]</small>] <br> [-voice] | |||
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The '''voiceless labiodental fricative''' is a sound that occurs in some languages, represented as {{IPA|/f/}} in the IPA. | The '''voiceless labiodental fricative''' is a sound that occurs in some languages, represented as {{IPA|/f/}} in the IPA. | ||
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Many other fricatives can also change to /f/: | Many other fricatives can also change to /f/: | ||
* θ → f ( | * θ → f (Oscan, [[Latin]] and most other Italic languages<ref>Note on Italic: in Latin, the word-internal voicing of fricatives [[Bleeding order|bleeds]] the change to /f/, leading to different reflexes, so /f/ only results initially.</ref>; some [[English]] dialects; some [[Oceanic]] branches) | ||
* x → f (Oscan — but not Latin, where *x → h) | * x → f (Oscan — but not Latin, where *x → h) | ||
* xʷ → f (Oscan, Latin) | * xʷ → f (Oscan, Latin) | ||
* ʍ → f (some English dialects) | * ʍ → f (some English dialects) | ||
* Devoicing: v → f. In many West Germanic varieties including Standard German, the change of *w → ʋ ~ v has pushed older †/v/ to /f/. This can be part of a more general devoicing process; see eg. [[wikipedia:final devoicing|final devoicing]]. | * Devoicing: v → f. In many [[West Germanic]] varieties including Standard [[German]], the change of *w → ʋ ~ v has pushed older †/v/ to /f/. This can also be part of a more general devoicing process; see eg. [[wikipedia:final devoicing|final devoicing]]. | ||
Other: | Other: | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
==See also== | |||
* [[Voiced labiodental fricative|/v/]] | |||
* [[Voiceless labiodental affricate|/pf/]] | |||
* [[Voiceless bilabial fricative|/ɸ/]] | |||
[[Category:Phonetic segments|f]] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:57, 26 January 2011
| f | |
|---|---|
| Pulmonic Consonant | |
| IPA | f |
| X-SAMPA | f |
| Kirshenbaum | f |
| Place of Articulation: | Labiodental |
| Manner of Articulation: | Fricative |
| Phonological features: | [+consonantal] [+LABIAL] [+continuant] [+strident] [-voice] |
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a sound that occurs in some languages, represented as /f/ in the IPA.
Sound Changes
- See also: Fricatives
To
A common origin of /f/ is the lenition of a voiceless bilabial stop such as *p or *pʰ. This can be part of a common stop lenition process, but may be independant, as in Arabic and Hungarian. The change commonly proceeds thru a bilabial intermediate [ɸ], so other outcomes are possible, eg. Celtic, where *sɸ → f, but *ɸ → h → ∅ otherwise. (See more at /p/, fricative.)
Many other fricatives can also change to /f/:
- θ → f (Oscan, Latin and most other Italic languages[1]; some English dialects; some Oceanic branches)
- x → f (Oscan — but not Latin, where *x → h)
- xʷ → f (Oscan, Latin)
- ʍ → f (some English dialects)
- Devoicing: v → f. In many West Germanic varieties including Standard German, the change of *w → ʋ ~ v has pushed older †/v/ to /f/. This can also be part of a more general devoicing process; see eg. final devoicing.
Other:
- w → f is found in Irish (when not intervocalic). Many different phonetic paths of development are possible here.
- sp → f in Albanian
