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| <div style="float: right; vertical-align: top; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;">
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| <div style="border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; width: 24em; background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;">
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| {| style="background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
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| |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.1em;" | '''The Rajadom of Ladakh'''<br/>'''???'''
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| |- style="border-top-style: hidden;"
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| | colspan="2" |
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| {| style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"
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| | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | <span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;">[[]]</span>
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| | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | [[]]
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| |- style="font-size: 95%;"
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| | style="border: 0;text-align: center;" | state flag
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| | style="border: 0;text-align: center;" | coat of arms
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| |}
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| | colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" | [[]]<br />map of Ladakh
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | '''Capitals'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | Leh
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| | '''Head of State'''
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | His Royal Highness
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| |-
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| | '''Head of Government'''
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | ???
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | '''Demonym'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | Ladakhi
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Religions'''
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| | Official
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | Bön Buddhism
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| |-
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| | Other
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | Hinduism
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| |-
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Languages'''
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| | Official
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | Ladakhi
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| | Other
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | Nepali, Tibetan
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Founding'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top;" | ???
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Independence'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top;" | ???
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Area'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | 45,110 km²<br>??? mi²
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Population'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | 134,000
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| | Ethnicities
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | Bhutia 53%<br>??? 25%<br>??? 12%<br>??? 10%
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Currency'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" |1 Himalayan Rupee (Rs) = 20 sukaa (s) = 240 paisa (p)
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Time zone'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | UTC +6:00
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Telephone Code'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | LDK
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Registration'''
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| | [[wikipedia:call sign#Aviation|Aviation]]
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | LDK
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| | [[wikipedia:call sign#Amateur_radio|Amateur radio]]
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | LDK
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| | [[wikipedia:ITU prefix|Radio prefix]]
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | LDK
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Organizations'''
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | Himalayan Confederacy
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| | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''Sports'''
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| | Official
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" |
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| | Other
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| | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" |
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| |}
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| </div>
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| </div>
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| Texts in '''bold''' print are points of departure.
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| ==History==
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| Rock carvings found in many parts of Ladakh show that the area has been inhabited from Neolithic times. Ladakh's earliest inhabitants consisted of a mixed Indo-Aryan population of [[Wikipedia:Mon people|Mons]] and [[Wikipedia:Dard people|Dards]], who find mention in the works of Herodotus, Nearchus, Megasthenes, Pliny, Ptolemy, and the geographical lists of the [[Wikipedia:Puranas|Puranas]]. Around the first century, Ladakh was a part of the [[Wikipedia:Kushan Empire|Kushan Empire]]. Buddhism spread into western Ladakh from Kashmir in the second century when much of eastern Ladakh and western Tibet was still practicing the [[Wikipedia:Bön|Bön]] religion. One of the five principal spiritual schools of Tibetan Buddhism, it remains the predominant religion of the rajadom. The seventh century Buddhist traveler [[Wikipedia:Xuanzang|Xuanzang]] also describes the region in his accounts.
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| In the eighth century, Ladakh was involved in the clash between Tibetan expansion pressing from the east and Chinese influence exerted from Central Asia through the passes. Suzerainty over Ladakh frequently changed hands between China and Tibet.
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| In 842, upon the dissolution of the Tibetan empire, Nyima-Gon, a Tibetan royal representative, annexed Ladakh for himself and founded a separate Ladakhi dynasty. During this period Ladakh acquired a predominantly Tibetan population. The dynasty promoted the second spreading of Buddhism (the first being the one in Tibet itself), importing religious ideas from northwest India, particularly from Kashmir.
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| Faced with the Islamic intrusions into South Asia in the thirteenth century, Ladakh sought guidance in religious matters from Tibet. For nearly two centuries, until the beginning of the seventeenth century, Ladakh was subject to raids and invasions from neighbouring Muslim states, which led some Ladakhis to convert to Islam who then fled to India.
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| In 1470, [[Wikipedia:Lhachen Bhagan|Lhachen Bhagan]], the king of [[Wikipedia:Basgo|Basgo]], overthrew the king of [[Wikipedia:Leh|Leh]], reuniting and strengthening Ladakh. He took the surname Namgyal and founded the [[Wikipedia:Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh|Namgyal dynasty]] which survives to today. The Namgyals repelled raiders from Central Asia and temporarily extended the rajadom as far as Nepal.
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| In the early seventeenth century efforts were made to restore destroyed artifacts and [[Wikipedia:gompa|gompas]] and the rajadom expanded into [[Wikipedia:Zanskar|Zanskar]] and [[Wikipedia:Spiti Valley|Spiti]]. However, despite a defeat by the [[Wikipedia:Mughal Empire|Mughals]], who had already annexed Kashmir and Baltistan, it retained its independence.
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| In the late seventeenth century, Ladakh sided with Bhutan in its dispute with Tibet which resulted in its being invaded by Tibet. Kashmir helped restore Ladakhi rule on the condition that a mosque be built in Leh and that the Ladakhi king convert to Islam. The Treaty of Tismogang in 1684 settled the dispute between Tibet and Ladakh, but severely restricted Ladakh's independence.
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| In 1834, the [[Wikipedia:Dogra|Dogras]] under Zorawar Singh, a general of [[Wikipedia:Ranjit Singh|Ranjit Singh]], invaded and annexed Ladakh. In 1842, a Ladakhi rebellion was crushed and Ladakh was incorporated into the Dogra rajadom of Jammu and Kashmir. The Namgyal family was given the [[Wikipedia:jagir|jagir]] of [[Wikipedia:Stok|Stok]], '''which remains the personal property of the Raja of Ladakh'''.
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| ===Timeline===
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| ==Toponymy==
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| ==Government==
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| ====Provinces (''anchal'')====
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Province
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Capital
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Area
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Population
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Prefectures
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Notes
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| | Mustang
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| | Jomsom
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| | 3,573 km²
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| | 29,545 (2001)
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| | 15
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| | slightly larger than *here's* Luxemburg
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| | Dolpa
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| | Dunai
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| | 7,889 km²
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| | (2001)
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| | 19
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| | about the size of *here's* Slovenia
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| | Manang
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| | Chame
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| | 2,246 km²
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| | 9,587 (2001)
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| | 14
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| | slightly smaller than *here's* Isle of Majorca
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| |}
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| *Thus, the total area of the rajadom is 13,708 km², about the size of *here's* Montenegro.
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| ==Geography==
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| ===Borders===
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| Ladakh is bordered by on the:
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| North: Tibet<br>
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| East: Tibet<br>
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| South: Jammu<br>
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| West: Jammu, Kashmir
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| ==Climate==
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| ==Economy==
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| ==Demographics==
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| ==Culture==
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| ===National symbols===
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| *National mammal 1: [[Wikipedia:Markhor|Markhor]] (''Capra falconeri'')
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| *National mammal 2: [[Wikipedia:Asian Black Bear|Asian Black Bear]] (''Ursus thibetanus'')
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| *National bird: [[Wikipedia:Scarlet minivet|Scarlet minivet]] (''Pericrocotus flammeus speciosa'']
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| *National flower: [[Wikipedia:Sausurrea obvallata|Brahma Kamal]] (''Sausurrea obvallata'')
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| *National tree: [[Wikipedia:Cedrus deodara|Himalayan cedar]] (''Cedrus deodara'')
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| *National dish: sku (noodle stew, with or without mutton)
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| **The hoist half of the flag is white, the color of the snows on the sacred Himalayas, which symbolizes the secular tradition of the Rajadom. The [[Wikipedia:Chhatraratna|auspicious Parasol]] in the blue color of peace symbolizes His Majesty the King, whose noble actions enhance the Rajadom. Hence, it symbolizes that His Majesty is protector of the people of the Rajadom and the upholder of the secular foundations of the Rajadom.
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| **The fly half of the flag is maroon, the color of the robes of the monks and symbolizes the spiritual tradition. The golden [[Wikipedia:Dharmacakra|dharma wheel]], with the [[Wikipedia:Gankyil|gankyil]] in the center, symbolizes the flourishing of the Buddhist teachings in the Rajadom.
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| **The pale wavy green symbolizes the Gandaki River that flows through the Rajadom.
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| **The [[Wikipedia:Wind Horse|lung ta]] (wind horse) flies from fly to hoist symbolizing that the Buddhist tradition infuses the government of the Rajadom.
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| *National emblem:
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| **Per pale white and maroon, a pale wavy vert, on the dexter an auspicious parasol azure, on the sinister the Wheel of Dharma or; on a chief vert a wind horse courant to the dexter.
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| **For supporters, on the dexter a sand fox and on the sinister a musk deer, all proper.
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| **For a crest, a [[Wikipedia:vajra|vajra]] or rising out of a lotus white.
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| *National aviation roundel: a circle divided in half, white and red, a green stripe down the center.
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| *National instrument: [[Wikipedia:|Wikipedia:]]
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| ===Lotian holidays===
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| (Dates in ''italics'' are postponed)
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Date
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Name
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| ! style="background: #efefef; border-bottom: 2px solid gray;" | Notes
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| | 14 February
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| | [[Wikipedia:Losar|Losar]]
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| | New Year
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| | 21 February
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| | ''The King's Birthday''
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| | 28 February
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| | [[Wikipedia:Chotrul Duchen|Chotrul Duchen]]
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| | Butter Lamp Festival (2010 only)
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| | 21 March
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| | The King's Birthday
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| | Father's Day
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| | 27 May
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| | [[Wikipedia:Vesak|Suga Dawa Duchen]]
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| | The Buddha's Birth, Enlightenment, and [[Wikipedia:Parinirvana|Parinirvana]] (2010 only)
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| | 21 June
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| | [[Wikipedia:Guru Rinpoche|Guru Rinpoche]]'s Birthday
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| | 15 July
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| | Chokhor Duchen
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| | The Buddha's First Sermon (2010 only)
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| | 24 August
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| |[[Wikipedia: Buddhist Holidays|Ulambana]]
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| | Ancestor Day (2010 only)
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| | 23 September
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| | Thri-bab
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| | [[Wikipedia:Blessed Rainy Day|Blessed Rainy Day]] (2010 only)
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| | 17 October
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| | [[Wikipedia:Dasain|Dashain]]
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| | Victory of the Goddess [[Wikipedia:Durga|Durga]] (2010 only)
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| | 29 October
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| | [[Wikipedia:Lhabab Duchen|Lhabab Duchen]]
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| | The Buddha's Descent to Earth (2010 only))
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| | 6 November
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| | The King's Coronation
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| |}
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| ==Infrastructure==
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| ==Education==
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| ==Flora and fauna==
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