Nuxálk Han'gǔl: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
This is a joke-orthography for Nuxálk. The idea is to use Han'gǔl to write the language which it is the least suited for. | This is a joke-orthography for Nuxálk. The idea is to use Han'gǔl to write the language which it is the least suited for. | ||
== Phoneme inventory == | == Phoneme inventory == | ||
The pronunciation of the Nuxálk consonants has been given phonetically, because it might be interesting to compare the actual pronunciation of those consonants with the choice of jamo given to them. (Question marks mark characters whose pronunciation in Korean is unclear.) | |||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
{| | {| | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 23: | Line 17: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ||
| p || t || || || k || kw || q || qw || 7 | | <nowiki><</nowiki>p || t || || || k || kw || q || qw || 7<nowiki>></nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
| [{{IPA|pʰ}} || {{IPA|tʰ}} || || || {{IPA|kʲʰ}} || {{IPA|kʷʰ}} || {{IPA|qʰ}} || {{IPA|qʷ}} || {{IPA|ʔ}}] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | ! align="left" | Jamo | ||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅍ || ㅌ || || || <span style="color:Blue">ㅋ</span> || <span style="color:Red">ㅋ</span> || <span style="color:Blue">ㆁ</span> || <span style="color:Red">ㆁ</span> || ㆆ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
| /{{IPA|pʰ}} || {{IPA|tʰ}} || || || {{IPA|kʰ}} || {{IPA|kʰ}} || {{IPA|ŋ}} || {{IPA|ŋ}} || {{IPA|ʔ}}/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="9" |   | | colspan="9" |   | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ||
| p' || t' || || || k' || kw' || q' || qw' | | <nowiki><</nowiki>p' || t' || || || k' || kw' || q' || qw'<nowiki>></nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
| [{{IPA|pʼ}} || {{IPA|tʼ}} || || || {{IPA|kʼʲ}} || {{IPA|kʼʷ}} || {{IPA|qʼ}} || {{IPA|qʼʷ}}] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | ! align="left" | Jamo | ||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅃ || ㄸ || || || <span style="color:Blue">ㄲ</span> || <span style="color:Red">ㄲ</span> || <span style="color:Blue">ㆀ</span> || <span style="color:Red">ㆀ</span><nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
| /{{IPA|p͈}} || {{IPA|t͈}} || || || {{IPA|k͈}} || {{IPA|k͈}}/ || ? || ? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="9" |   | | colspan="9" |   | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ||
| || ts | | || <nowiki><</nowiki>ts<nowiki>></nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
| || {{IPA|[tsʰ]}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | ! align="left" | Jamo | ||
| || <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅊ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
| || {{IPA|/tɕʰ/}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="9" |   | | colspan="9" |   | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ||
| || ts' || tl' | | || <nowiki><</nowiki>ts' || tl'<nowiki>></nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
| || [{{IPA|tsʼ}} || {{IPA|tɬʼ}}] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | ! align="left" | Jamo | ||
| || <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅉ || ㅈ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
| || [{{IPA|tɕ͈}} || {{IPA|tɕ}}] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="9" |   | | colspan="9" |   | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ||
| || s || lh || || c || cw || x || xw || h | | || <nowiki><</nowiki>s || lh || || c || cw || x || xw || h<nowiki>></nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
| || [s || {{IPA|ɬ}} || || {{IPA|xʲ}} || {{IPA|xʷ}} || {{IPA|χ}} || {{IPA|χʷ}} || h] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | ! align="left" | Jamo | ||
| || <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅅ || ㅀ || || <span style="color:Blue">ㆅ</span> || <span style="color:Red">ㆅ</span> || <span style="color:Blue">ㅆ</span> || <span style="color:Red">ㅆ</span> || ㅎ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
| || /s || lh/ || || ? || ? || /{{IPA|s͈}} || {{IPA|s͈}} || h/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="9" |   | | colspan="9" |   | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ||
| m || n | | <nowiki><</nowiki>m || n<nowiki>></nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
| [m || n] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | ! align="left" | Jamo | ||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅁ || ㄴ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
| /m || n/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="9" |   | | colspan="9" |   | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | ||
| || || l || | | || || <nowiki><</nowiki>l || y || || w<nowiki>></nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
| || || [l || j || || w] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | ! align="left" | Jamo | ||
| || || <nowiki><</nowiki>ㄹ || <span style="color:Blue">ㅣ</span>* || || <span style="color:Red">ㅜ</span>*<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
| || || /ɾ || i || || u/ | |||
|} | |} | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>See [[Nuxálk Han'gǔl#Vowels|Vowels]] and [[Nuxálk Han'gǔl#Other notes|Other notes]] below. | |||
=== Vowels === | |||
{| | |||
|+ '''Neutral vowels''' | |||
| | |||
! Front | |||
! Central | |||
! Back | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>i || a || u<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonemic value | |||
| /i || {{IPA|ɐ}} || u/ | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | |||
| [i, {{IPA|ɪ}}, {{IPA|ɪː}}, e, {{IPA|ɛː}}] || [{{IPA|æ}}, a, {{IPA|ɑ}}] || [o, {{IPA|o̞}}, {{IPA|o̞ː}}, {{IPA|ɔ}}, {{IPA|ɔː}}] | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Jamo | |||
| ㅣ || ㅐ || ㅗ | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | |||
| /i || {{IPA|ɛ}} || o/ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="3" |   | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>yi || ya || yu<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonemic value | |||
| /ji || {{IPA|jɐ}} || ju/ | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | |||
| [ji, {{IPA|jɪ}}] || [{{IPA|jæ}}, ja] || [jo, {{IPA|jo̞}}, {{IPA|jo̞ː}}, {{IPA|jɔ}}, {{IPA|jɔː}}] | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Jamo | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅢ || ㅒ || ㅛ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | |||
| /{{IPA|ɰi}} || {{IPA|jɛ}} || jo/ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="3" |   | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>wi || wa || wu<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonemic value | |||
| /wi || {{IPA|wɐ}} || wu/ | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | |||
| [wi, {{IPA|wɪ}}, we] || [{{IPA|wæ}}, wa] || [wo, {{IPA|wo̞}}, {{IPA|wo̞ː}}, {{IPA|wɔ}}, {{IPA|wɔː}}] | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Jamo | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅟ || ㅙ || ㅝ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | |||
| /wi || {{IPA|wɛ}} || {{IPA|wʌ}}/ | |||
|} | |||
< | {| | ||
|+ '''<span style="color:Red">Labial vowels</span>''' | |||
| | |||
! Front | |||
! Central | |||
! Back | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>i || a || u<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
< | ! align="left" | Phonemic value | ||
| /i || {{IPA|ɐ}} || u/ | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | |||
| [i, {{IPA|ɪ}}, {{IPA|ɪː}}, e, {{IPA|e̞}}, {{IPA|e̞ː}}, {{IPA|ɛː}}] || [{{IPA|æ}}, a, {{IPA|ɐ}}, {{IPA|ɑ}}] || [u, {{IPA|ʊ}}, o, {{IPA|o̞}}] | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Jamo | |||
| ㅔ || ㅏ || ㅜ | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | |||
= | | /e || a || u/ | ||
< | |- | ||
/ | | colspan="3" |   | ||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>yi || ya || yu<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
/ji ju | ! align="left" | Phonemic value | ||
| /ji || {{IPA|jɐ}} || ju/ | |||
[ | |- | ||
! align="left" | Phonetic value | |||
< | | [ji, {{IPA|jɪ}}, je, {{IPA|je̞}}, {{IPA|je̞ː}}] || [{{IPA|jæ}}, ja, {{IPA|jɐ}}] || [ju, {{IPA|jʊ}}, jo, {{IPA|jo̞}}] | ||
/ | |- | ||
! align="left" | Jamo | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅖ || ㅑ || ㅠ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
== | ! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | ||
< | | /je || ja || ju/ | ||
/ | |- | ||
| colspan="3" |   | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Nuxálk romanization | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>wi || wa || wu<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Phonemic value | |||
[ | | /wi || {{IPA|wɐ}} || wu/ | ||
|- | |||
< | ! align="left" | Phonetic value | ||
/ | | [wi, {{IPA|wɪ}}, we, {{IPA|we̞}}, {{IPA|we̞ː}}] || [{{IPA|wæ}}, wa, {{IPA|wɐ}}] || [wu, {{IPA|wʊ}}, wo, {{IPA|wo̞}}] | ||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Jamo | |||
| <nowiki><</nowiki>ㅞ || ㅘ || ᆍ<nowiki>></nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left" | Korean pronunciation of jamo | |||
| /we || wa/ || ? | |||
|} | |||
== Syllable blocks == | == Syllable blocks == | ||
Line 163: | Line 237: | ||
== How to mark labialized consonants == | == How to mark labialized consonants == | ||
There are three kinds of consonant jamo: labial (marked with | There are three kinds of consonant jamo: labial (marked with <span style="color:Red">red</span> in the chart), non-labial (marked with <span style="color:Blue">blue</span>) and neutral (black text), and two kinds of vowels: labial and neutral. The labial consonants are identical to their non-labial counterparts, so they are instead distinguished by the use of vowels before them.<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Labial vowels are used if they are followed by a labial consonant, otherwise neutral vowels are used. There may be any number of neutral consonants between the labial vowel and the labial consonant. There may | Labial vowels are used if they are followed by a labial consonant, otherwise neutral vowels are used. There may be any number of neutral consonants between the labial vowel and the labial consonant. There may <u>not</u> be any other vowels or non-labial consonants between them. They must also be both in the same word.<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
낏마ㅜ | 낏마ㅜ | ||
Line 177: | Line 251: | ||
''w'' and ''y'' are written with the w- and y-series of vowel jamo, if they are followed by a vowel. If not, then w is written as ㅜ and y as ㅣ (both without any null initial).<br> | ''w'' and ''y'' are written with the w- and y-series of vowel jamo, if they are followed by a vowel. If not, then w is written as ㅜ and y as ㅣ (both without any null initial).<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Long vowels are marked by putting : after the jamo or syllable block. Stress is unmarked. | Long vowels are marked by putting : (double dot bangjeom, U+302F) after the jamo or syllable block. Stress is unmarked. | ||
== Text samples == | == Text samples == | ||
=== From Wikipedia === | |||
'' | '''clhp'xwlhtlhplhhskwts''''<br> | ||
''he had had in his possession a bunchberry plant''<br> | |||
ㆅㅀㅃㅱㅆㅀㅌㅀㅍㅀㅀㅅㅱㅋㅉ | ㆅㅀㅃㅱㅆㅀㅌㅀㅍㅀㅀㅅㅱㅋㅉ | ||
=== From some source === | |||
English Nuxalk | {| | ||
One Maw | ! English || Nuxalk || Han'gǔl | ||
|- | |||
Two Lhwaas | | One || Maw || 마ㅜ | ||
|- | |||
Three Asmús | | Two || Lhwaas || ㅀ왜〯ㅅ | ||
|- | |||
Four Mús | | Three || Asmús || 앳못 | ||
|- | |||
Five Ts'ícw | | Four || Mús || 못 | ||
|- | |||
Man Kwtmts | | Five || Ts'ícw || 쩨ㆅ | ||
|- | |||
Woman Cnas | | Man || Kwtmts || ㅱㅋㅌㅁㅊ | ||
|- | |||
Sun Snx | | Woman || Cnas || ㆅ냇 | ||
|- | |||
Moon Tl'uk | | Sun || Snx || ㅅㄴㅆ | ||
|- | |||
Water Qla | | Moon || Tl'uk || 족 | ||
|- | |||
| Water || Qla || ㆁ라 | |||
|} | |||
=== From another source (probably another dialect because the numbers have different names) === | |||
{| | |||
Smaw | ! English || Nuxalk || Han'gǔl | ||
|- | |||
Lhnus | | One || Smaw || ㅅ마ㅜ | ||
|- | |||
Asmus | | Two || Lhnus || ㅀ놋 | ||
|- | |||
Mus | | Three || Asmus || 앳못 | ||
|- | |||
Ts'icw | | Four || Mus || 못 | ||
|- | |||
T'xulh | | Five || Ts'icw || 쩨ㆅ | ||
|- | |||
Nusalhklhm | | Six || T'xulh || ㄸ쏧 | ||
|- | |||
K'ilhnus | | Seven || Nusalhklhm || 노샗ㅌㅀㅁ | ||
|- | |||
K'ismaw | | Eight || K'ilhnus || 낋놋 | ||
|- | |||
Ts'klakt | | Nine || K'ismaw || 낏마ㅜ | ||
|- | |||
| Ten || Ts'klakt || ㅉㅋ락ㅌ | |||
Tl'ux ta manlh t'ax | |} | ||
좄태맨ㅀ땠 | <br> | ||
Putl'ilhsuts ulh inu alh ti suncwt | Tl'ux ta manlh t'ax<br> | ||
포짏솣옳이노앯티순ㆅㅌ | 좄태맨ㅀ땠<br> | ||
Stutwiniitulhcw ala snknicilhats | Putl'ilhsuts ulh inu alh ti suncwt<br> | ||
ㅅ톧위니〯 툻ㆅ애래ㅅㄴㅋ니ㆅ잃앷 | 포짏솣옳이노앯티순ㆅㅌ<br> | ||
Alhkaltcwmtulhx alh ti suncw | Stutwiniitulhcw ala snknicilhats<br> | ||
앯칼ㅌㆅㅁ톯ㅆ앯티순ㆅ | ㅅ톧위니〯 툻ㆅ애래ㅅㄴㅋ니ㆅ잃앷<br> | ||
Way! | Alhkaltcwmtulhx alh ti suncw<br> | ||
왜ㅣ! | 앯칼ㅌㆅㅁ톯ㅆ앯티순ㆅ<br> | ||
Way!<br> | |||
Our heavenly father | 왜ㅣ!<br> | ||
We come to you today | <br> | ||
We thank you for the food | Our heavenly father<br> | ||
Take care of us today | We come to you today<br> | ||
Amen! | We thank you for the food<br> | ||
Take care of us today<br> | |||
Amen!<br> |
Latest revision as of 13:44, 21 April 2010
This is a joke-orthography for Nuxálk. The idea is to use Han'gǔl to write the language which it is the least suited for.
Phoneme inventory
The pronunciation of the Nuxálk consonants has been given phonetically, because it might be interesting to compare the actual pronunciation of those consonants with the choice of jamo given to them. (Question marks mark characters whose pronunciation in Korean is unclear.)
Consonants
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central | Lateral | Palatalized | Labialized | Plain | Labialized | |||||
Nuxálk romanization | <p | t | k | kw | q | qw | 7> | |||
Phonetic value | [pʰ | tʰ | kʲʰ | kʷʰ | qʰ | qʷ | ʔ] | |||
Jamo | <ㅍ | ㅌ | ㅋ | ㅋ | ㆁ | ㆁ | ㆆ> | |||
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | kʰ | ŋ | ŋ | ʔ/ | |||
Nuxálk romanization | <p' | t' | k' | kw' | q' | qw'> | ||||
Phonetic value | [pʼ | tʼ | kʼʲ | kʼʷ | qʼ | qʼʷ] | ||||
Jamo | <ㅃ | ㄸ | ㄲ | ㄲ | ㆀ | ㆀ> | ||||
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /p͈ | t͈ | k͈ | k͈/ | ? | ? | ||||
Nuxálk romanization | <ts> | |||||||||
Phonetic value | [tsʰ] | |||||||||
Jamo | <ㅊ> | |||||||||
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /tɕʰ/ | |||||||||
Nuxálk romanization | <ts' | tl'> | ||||||||
Phonetic value | [tsʼ | tɬʼ] | ||||||||
Jamo | <ㅉ | ㅈ> | ||||||||
Korean pronunciation of jamo | [tɕ͈ | tɕ] | ||||||||
Nuxálk romanization | <s | lh | c | cw | x | xw | h> | |||
Phonetic value | [s | ɬ | xʲ | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h] | |||
Jamo | <ㅅ | ㅀ | ㆅ | ㆅ | ㅆ | ㅆ | ㅎ> | |||
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /s | lh/ | ? | ? | /s͈ | s͈ | h/ | |||
Nuxálk romanization | <m | n> | ||||||||
Phonetic value | [m | n] | ||||||||
Jamo | <ㅁ | ㄴ> | ||||||||
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /m | n/ | ||||||||
Nuxálk romanization | <l | y | w> | |||||||
Phonetic value | [l | j | w] | |||||||
Jamo | <ㄹ | ㅣ* | ㅜ*> | |||||||
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /ɾ | i | u/ |
*See Vowels and Other notes below.
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Nuxálk romanization | <i | a | u> |
Phonemic value | /i | ɐ | u/ |
Phonetic value | [i, ɪ, ɪː, e, ɛː] | [æ, a, ɑ] | [o, o̞, o̞ː, ɔ, ɔː] |
Jamo | ㅣ | ㅐ | ㅗ |
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /i | ɛ | o/ |
Nuxálk romanization | <yi | ya | yu> |
Phonemic value | /ji | jɐ | ju/ |
Phonetic value | [ji, jɪ] | [jæ, ja] | [jo, jo̞, jo̞ː, jɔ, jɔː] |
Jamo | <ㅢ | ㅒ | ㅛ> |
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /ɰi | jɛ | jo/ |
Nuxálk romanization | <wi | wa | wu> |
Phonemic value | /wi | wɐ | wu/ |
Phonetic value | [wi, wɪ, we] | [wæ, wa] | [wo, wo̞, wo̞ː, wɔ, wɔː] |
Jamo | <ㅟ | ㅙ | ㅝ> |
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /wi | wɛ | wʌ/ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Nuxálk romanization | <i | a | u> |
Phonemic value | /i | ɐ | u/ |
Phonetic value | [i, ɪ, ɪː, e, e̞, e̞ː, ɛː] | [æ, a, ɐ, ɑ] | [u, ʊ, o, o̞] |
Jamo | ㅔ | ㅏ | ㅜ |
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /e | a | u/ |
Nuxálk romanization | <yi | ya | yu> |
Phonemic value | /ji | jɐ | ju/ |
Phonetic value | [ji, jɪ, je, je̞, je̞ː] | [jæ, ja, jɐ] | [ju, jʊ, jo, jo̞] |
Jamo | <ㅖ | ㅑ | ㅠ> |
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /je | ja | ju/ |
Nuxálk romanization | <wi | wa | wu> |
Phonemic value | /wi | wɐ | wu/ |
Phonetic value | [wi, wɪ, we, we̞, we̞ː] | [wæ, wa, wɐ] | [wu, wʊ, wo, wo̞] |
Jamo | <ㅞ | ㅘ | ᆍ> |
Korean pronunciation of jamo | /we | wa/ | ? |
Syllable blocks
Sequences of CV, CVC or VC are stacked together into a syllable block, if possible. The consonants ㆁ, ㆆ, ㆀ and ㆅ are not stackable, and therefore left out from syllable blocks. The vowel ᆍ is also not stackable, and therefore left uncomposed. The consonant ㅀ can only appear at the tail position of a syllable block. Unstackable consonant jamo, ㅀ that is not preceded by a vowel, and any consonants that are neither preceded or followed by a vowel are written alone using the Hangul Compatibility Jamo of Unicode. So for example, the word sps (northeast wind) which contain no vowels is written ㅅㅍㅅ.
Vowels, with the exception of ᆍ, are always used in syllable blocks. If the vowel is not preceded by any stackable consonant, the null initial is used.
The consonants p, t, k, and kw are represented by ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ resp. ㄱ in the tail position of a syllable block.
How to mark labialized consonants
There are three kinds of consonant jamo: labial (marked with red in the chart), non-labial (marked with blue) and neutral (black text), and two kinds of vowels: labial and neutral. The labial consonants are identical to their non-labial counterparts, so they are instead distinguished by the use of vowels before them.
Labial vowels are used if they are followed by a labial consonant, otherwise neutral vowels are used. There may be any number of neutral consonants between the labial vowel and the labial consonant. There may not be any other vowels or non-labial consonants between them. They must also be both in the same word.
낏마ㅜ
For example, in the word k'ismaw (nine), the vowel a is followed by the labial consonant w, so the a is represented by the labial jamo ㅏ. The i however is not followed by any labial consonant before the second vowel, so it is represented by the neutral vowel ㅣ.
Word-final i is written with ㅣ however, if preceded by k, k' or c.
In cases where a labial consonant is in such a position that its labialness can not be marked on any vowel, the jamo ㅱ is placed before that consonant.
Other notes
w and y are written with the w- and y-series of vowel jamo, if they are followed by a vowel. If not, then w is written as ㅜ and y as ㅣ (both without any null initial).
Long vowels are marked by putting : (double dot bangjeom, U+302F) after the jamo or syllable block. Stress is unmarked.
Text samples
From Wikipedia
clhp'xwlhtlhplhhskwts'
he had had in his possession a bunchberry plant
ㆅㅀㅃㅱㅆㅀㅌㅀㅍㅀㅀㅅㅱㅋㅉ
From some source
English | Nuxalk | Han'gǔl |
---|---|---|
One | Maw | 마ㅜ |
Two | Lhwaas | ㅀ왜〯ㅅ |
Three | Asmús | 앳못 |
Four | Mús | 못 |
Five | Ts'ícw | 쩨ㆅ |
Man | Kwtmts | ㅱㅋㅌㅁㅊ |
Woman | Cnas | ㆅ냇 |
Sun | Snx | ㅅㄴㅆ |
Moon | Tl'uk | 족 |
Water | Qla | ㆁ라 |
From another source (probably another dialect because the numbers have different names)
English | Nuxalk | Han'gǔl |
---|---|---|
One | Smaw | ㅅ마ㅜ |
Two | Lhnus | ㅀ놋 |
Three | Asmus | 앳못 |
Four | Mus | 못 |
Five | Ts'icw | 쩨ㆅ |
Six | T'xulh | ㄸ쏧 |
Seven | Nusalhklhm | 노샗ㅌㅀㅁ |
Eight | K'ilhnus | 낋놋 |
Nine | K'ismaw | 낏마ㅜ |
Ten | Ts'klakt | ㅉㅋ락ㅌ |
Tl'ux ta manlh t'ax
좄태맨ㅀ땠
Putl'ilhsuts ulh inu alh ti suncwt
포짏솣옳이노앯티순ㆅㅌ
Stutwiniitulhcw ala snknicilhats
ㅅ톧위니〯 툻ㆅ애래ㅅㄴㅋ니ㆅ잃앷
Alhkaltcwmtulhx alh ti suncw
앯칼ㅌㆅㅁ톯ㅆ앯티순ㆅ
Way!
왜ㅣ!
Our heavenly father
We come to you today
We thank you for the food
Take care of us today
Amen!