Round Robin Conlang/Observations: Difference between revisions

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===Basic inventory===
===Basic inventory===
'''Consonants'''
'''Consonants'''
It appears that we have four grades of consonants, plain, lenited, geminated and prenasalised, realisations of which may overlap. Roots appear to contain only plain consonants. --[[User:PeteBleackley|PeteBleackley]] 17:00, 13 January 2010 (UTC) 
In fact, very few nonplain consonants are found in any underlying forms: there are only the /f/ of the first person marker and the /χ/ of the complicated past. 
The status of /ts/ is unclear: no roots contain it, but it's not a non-plain grade of any plain consonant. 
<!-- A consonant <b'> has appeared in round 6, but only in a name.  I cross my fingers and hope that it's a nonnativised borrowing.  -- Alex -->
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Plain consonants
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| !! Labial !! colspan="2"| Coronal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal
! colspan="2"| !! Labial !! colspan="2"| Coronal !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal
|-
|-
! rowspan="3"| Stops /<br/>affricates
! rowspan="3"| Stops /<br/>affricates
! <small>Ejective<small>
! <small>Ejective<small>
| || || tsʹ || kʹ || ||
| || || tsʹ || || kʹ || qʼ ||
|-
|-
! <small>Voiceless<small>
! <small>Voiceless<small>
| p || t || ts || k || q ||
| p || t || (ts) || || k || q ||
|-
|-
! <small>Voiced<small>
! <small>Voiced<small>
| b || d || || ɡ ||
| b || d || || || ɡ ||
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Nasals
! colspan="2"| Nasals
| m || colspan="2"| n || ŋ || ||
| m || colspan="2"| n || || ŋ || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| Fricatives
! rowspan="2"| Fricatives
! <small>Voiceless<small>
! <small>Voiceless<small>
| f || colspan="2"| s || || χ || h
| || colspan="2"| s || || || || h
|-
|-
! <small>Voiced<small>
! <small>Voiced<small>
| v || colspan="2"| || || ||
| v || colspan="2"| || || || ||
|-
|-
! colspan="2"| Liquid
! colspan="2"| Liquid
| || colspan="2"| l || || ||
| || colspan="2"| l || || || ||
|-
! colspan="2"| Presumed semivowel
| || colspan="2"| || j || || ||
|}
|}


'''Vowels'''
/i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; /oi au ai/
For purposes of vowel-harmonic suffixes, /a/ (phonetically open central [ä]?) counts as a back vowel.


'''Semivowel (?)'''
Attested vowel clusters: /iɔ/
/j/


'''Vowels'''
Attested vowel contractions: //ui// → /u/, //ɛi// → /e/, //ii// → /i/
/i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; /oi/; possibly /ai/ (seriously now, is "they two" [tsoi] or [tsai] ?)
For purposes of vowel-harmonic suffixes, /a/ (phonetically open central [ä]?) counts as a back vowel.


'''Tone'''
'''Tone'''
High and low.  Low is unmarked.   
High and low.  Low is unmarked.  High tone remains in contractions, but in some proccesses of reduplication (not in verbal pluralization) the second of two is dissimilated to low.


===Lenition===
===Lenition===
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|-
|-
! Original
! Original
| p || b || t || n || g || q
| p || b || t || n || g || ŋ || q
|-
|-
! Lenited
! Lenited
| f || v || s || ð̃ || ɣ || χ
| f || v || s || ð̃ || ɣ || ɣ̃ || χ
|}
|}


[ð̃ ɣ] have only been attested under spirant lenition thus far.
[ð̃ ɣ] have only been attested under spirant lenition thus far.


I would presume the process to apply regularly also to the "missing" [[buccal]] stops / nasals, ie. m, ŋ, d, k → ṽ, ɣ̃, z (ð? l??), x. /s, j/ appear to be unchanged under lenition as seen from ''gɔso'', ''vijes''. Whether the other consonants do anything remains to be seen.
I would presume the process to apply regularly also to the "missing" [[buccal]] stops / nasals, ie. m, d, k → ṽ, z (ð? l??), x. /s, j/ appear to be unchanged under lenition as seen from ''gɔso'', ''vijes''. Whether the other consonants do anything remains to be seen.


===Other alternations===
===Other alternations===
Gemination appears to be regular for at least lenitable consonants, with ''bb'', ''tt'', ''nn'', ''gg'', ''ŋŋ'' attested. /tsʹ, s/ appears to resist gemination as seen from ''betsʼaq, ísasaq''.
Gemination appears to be regular for at least lenitable consonants, with ''bb'', ''tt'', ''nn'', ''gg'', ''ŋŋ'' attested. /tsʹ, s/ appears to resist gemination as seen from ''betsʼaq, ísasaq''. /j/ becomes /ddz/ when geminated.


There is also prenasalization (apparently identical with gemination for nasals).
There is also prenasalization (apparently identical with gemination for nasals).
It appears that we have four grades of consonants, plain, lenited, geminated and prenasalised, realisations of which may overlap. Roots appear top contain only plain consonants. --[[User:PeteBleackley|PeteBleackley]] 17:00, 13 January 2010 (UTC)


===Syllable structure===
===Syllable structure===
Thus far (C)V(N)(C) seems sufficient (maximal example: ''boimb''). Only clusters of two consonants have been observed medially, even them limited to geminates and nasal + consonant.
Thus far (C)V(N)(C) seems sufficient (maximal example: ''boimb''). Only clusters of two consonants have been observed medially, generally limited to geminates and nasal + consonant (but see ''hóvhov''. Might coda /v/ be [w]?)
 
===Root structure===
Segments appearing in verbal roots might be drawn from a more restricted set than all consonants.  No voiceless fricatives aside from /s/, or /ts, l/, appear in any of the verb roots attested so far, and neither do /ɛ, ɔ, o/. [[User:AlexFink|AlexFink]]

Latest revision as of 20:17, 23 March 2010

Thought I'd look at what our phonology looks like so far. --Trɔpʏliʊm • blah

Basic inventory

Consonants

It appears that we have four grades of consonants, plain, lenited, geminated and prenasalised, realisations of which may overlap. Roots appear to contain only plain consonants. --PeteBleackley 17:00, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

In fact, very few nonplain consonants are found in any underlying forms: there are only the /f/ of the first person marker and the /χ/ of the complicated past.

The status of /ts/ is unclear: no roots contain it, but it's not a non-plain grade of any plain consonant.


Plain consonants
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Stops /
affricates 		Ejective tsʹ kʹ qʼ
Voiceless p t (ts) k q
Voiced b d ɡ
Nasals m n ŋ
Fricatives Voiceless s h
Voiced v
Liquid l
Presumed semivowel j

Vowels /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; /oi au ai/ For purposes of vowel-harmonic suffixes, /a/ (phonetically open central [ä]?) counts as a back vowel.

Attested vowel clusters: /iɔ/

Attested vowel contractions: //ui// → /u/, //ɛi// → /e/, //ii// → /i/

Tone High and low. Low is unmarked. High tone remains in contractions, but in some proccesses of reduplication (not in verbal pluralization) the second of two is dissimilated to low.

Lenition

The following changes are attested:

Original p b t n g ŋ q
Lenited f v s ð̃ ɣ ɣ̃ χ

[ð̃ ɣ] have only been attested under spirant lenition thus far.

I would presume the process to apply regularly also to the "missing" buccal stops / nasals, ie. m, d, k → ṽ, z (ð? l??), x. /s, j/ appear to be unchanged under lenition as seen from gɔso, vijes. Whether the other consonants do anything remains to be seen.

Other alternations

Gemination appears to be regular for at least lenitable consonants, with bb, tt, nn, gg, ŋŋ attested. /tsʹ, s/ appears to resist gemination as seen from betsʼaq, ísasaq. /j/ becomes /ddz/ when geminated.

There is also prenasalization (apparently identical with gemination for nasals).

Syllable structure

Thus far (C)V(N)(C) seems sufficient (maximal example: boimb). Only clusters of two consonants have been observed medially, generally limited to geminates and nasal + consonant (but see hóvhov. Might coda /v/ be [w]?)

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