Round Robin Conlang/Observations: Difference between revisions
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===Basic inventory=== | ===Basic inventory=== | ||
'''Consonants''' | '''Consonants''' | ||
It appears that we have four grades of consonants, plain, lenited, geminated and prenasalised, realisations of which may overlap. Roots appear to contain only plain consonants. --[[User:PeteBleackley|PeteBleackley]] 17:00, 13 January 2010 (UTC) | |||
In fact, very few nonplain consonants are found in any underlying forms: there are only the /f/ of the first person marker and the /χ/ of the complicated past. | |||
The status of /ts/ is unclear: no roots contain it, but it's not a non-plain grade of any plain consonant. | |||
<!-- A consonant <b'> has appeared in round 6, but only in a name. I cross my fingers and hope that it's a nonnativised borrowing. -- Alex --> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Plain consonants | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| !! Labial !! colspan="2"| Coronal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ! colspan="2"| !! Labial !! colspan="2"| Coronal !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3"| Stops /<br/>affricates | ! rowspan="3"| Stops /<br/>affricates | ||
! <small>Ejective<small> | ! <small>Ejective<small> | ||
| || || tsʹ || kʹ || || | | || || tsʹ || || kʹ || qʼ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Voiceless<small> | ! <small>Voiceless<small> | ||
| p || t || ts || k || q || | | p || t || (ts) || || k || q || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Voiced<small> | ! <small>Voiced<small> | ||
| b || d || || ɡ || | | b || d || || || ɡ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| Nasals | ! colspan="2"| Nasals | ||
| m || colspan="2"| n || ŋ || || | | m || colspan="2"| n || || ŋ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| Fricatives | ! rowspan="2"| Fricatives | ||
! <small>Voiceless<small> | ! <small>Voiceless<small> | ||
| | | || colspan="2"| s || || || || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Voiced<small> | ! <small>Voiced<small> | ||
| v || colspan="2"| || || || | | v || colspan="2"| || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| Liquid | ! colspan="2"| Liquid | ||
| || colspan="2"| l || || || | | || colspan="2"| l || || || || | ||
|- | |||
! colspan="2"| Presumed semivowel | |||
| || colspan="2"| || j || || || | |||
|} | |} | ||
'''Vowels''' | |||
/i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; /oi au ai/ | |||
For purposes of vowel-harmonic suffixes, /a/ (phonetically open central [ä]?) counts as a back vowel. | |||
Attested vowel clusters: /iɔ/ | |||
/ | |||
Attested vowel contractions: //ui// → /u/, //ɛi// → /e/, //ii// → /i/ | |||
/ | |||
'''Tone''' | '''Tone''' | ||
High and low. Low is unmarked. | High and low. Low is unmarked. High tone remains in contractions, but in some proccesses of reduplication (not in verbal pluralization) the second of two is dissimilated to low. | ||
===Lenition=== | ===Lenition=== | ||
| Line 48: | Line 61: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Original | ! Original | ||
| p || b || t || n || g || q | | p || b || t || n || g || ŋ || q | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lenited | ! Lenited | ||
| f || v || s || ð̃ || ɣ || χ | | f || v || s || ð̃ || ɣ || ɣ̃ || χ | ||
|} | |} | ||
[ð̃ ɣ] have only been attested under spirant lenition thus far. | [ð̃ ɣ] have only been attested under spirant lenition thus far. | ||
I would presume the process to apply regularly also to the "missing" [[buccal]] stops / nasals, ie. m | I would presume the process to apply regularly also to the "missing" [[buccal]] stops / nasals, ie. m, d, k → ṽ, z (ð? l??), x. /s, j/ appear to be unchanged under lenition as seen from ''gɔso'', ''vijes''. Whether the other consonants do anything remains to be seen. | ||
===Other alternations=== | ===Other alternations=== | ||
Gemination appears to be regular for at least lenitable consonants, with ''bb'', ''tt'', ''nn'', ''gg'', ''ŋŋ'' attested. /tsʹ, s/ appears to resist gemination as seen from ''betsʼaq, ísasaq''. | Gemination appears to be regular for at least lenitable consonants, with ''bb'', ''tt'', ''nn'', ''gg'', ''ŋŋ'' attested. /tsʹ, s/ appears to resist gemination as seen from ''betsʼaq, ísasaq''. /j/ becomes /ddz/ when geminated. | ||
There is also prenasalization (apparently identical with gemination for nasals). | There is also prenasalization (apparently identical with gemination for nasals). | ||
===Syllable structure=== | ===Syllable structure=== | ||
Thus far (C)V(N)(C) seems sufficient (maximal example: ''boimb''). Only clusters of two consonants have been observed medially, | Thus far (C)V(N)(C) seems sufficient (maximal example: ''boimb''). Only clusters of two consonants have been observed medially, generally limited to geminates and nasal + consonant (but see ''hóvhov''. Might coda /v/ be [w]?) | ||
Latest revision as of 20:17, 23 March 2010
Thought I'd look at what our phonology looks like so far. --Trɔpʏliʊm • blah
Basic inventory
Consonants
It appears that we have four grades of consonants, plain, lenited, geminated and prenasalised, realisations of which may overlap. Roots appear to contain only plain consonants. --PeteBleackley 17:00, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
In fact, very few nonplain consonants are found in any underlying forms: there are only the /f/ of the first person marker and the /χ/ of the complicated past.
The status of /ts/ is unclear: no roots contain it, but it's not a non-plain grade of any plain consonant.
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops / affricates |
Ejective | tsʹ | kʹ | qʼ | ||||
| Voiceless | p | t | (ts) | k | q | |||
| Voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
| Nasals | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Fricatives | Voiceless | s | h | |||||
| Voiced | v | |||||||
| Liquid | l | |||||||
| Presumed semivowel | j | |||||||
Vowels /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; /oi au ai/ For purposes of vowel-harmonic suffixes, /a/ (phonetically open central [ä]?) counts as a back vowel.
Attested vowel clusters: /iɔ/
Attested vowel contractions: //ui// → /u/, //ɛi// → /e/, //ii// → /i/
Tone High and low. Low is unmarked. High tone remains in contractions, but in some proccesses of reduplication (not in verbal pluralization) the second of two is dissimilated to low.
Lenition
The following changes are attested:
| Original | p | b | t | n | g | ŋ | q |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lenited | f | v | s | ð̃ | ɣ | ɣ̃ | χ |
[ð̃ ɣ] have only been attested under spirant lenition thus far.
I would presume the process to apply regularly also to the "missing" buccal stops / nasals, ie. m, d, k → ṽ, z (ð? l??), x. /s, j/ appear to be unchanged under lenition as seen from gɔso, vijes. Whether the other consonants do anything remains to be seen.
Other alternations
Gemination appears to be regular for at least lenitable consonants, with bb, tt, nn, gg, ŋŋ attested. /tsʹ, s/ appears to resist gemination as seen from betsʼaq, ísasaq. /j/ becomes /ddz/ when geminated.
There is also prenasalization (apparently identical with gemination for nasals).
Syllable structure
Thus far (C)V(N)(C) seems sufficient (maximal example: boimb). Only clusters of two consonants have been observed medially, generally limited to geminates and nasal + consonant (but see hóvhov. Might coda /v/ be [w]?)
