Numbers in Seuna: Difference between revisions

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In Seuna the number system uses base 8.
In Seuna the number system uses base 8. Remember that all the numbers in this section are in octal, even if not specifically marked as such.
==Zero==
==Zero==


Line 6: Line 6:
==From 1 to 7==
==From 1 to 7==


Seuna has 8 symbols that are reserved for the numbers 0 to 7.
{|
Seuna numbers are never written out phonetically. It is as if in English you were never allowed to write "one" but must always write "1".
| '''@aba''' || '''@iga''' || '''@oda''' || '''@ela''' || '''@uca''' || '''@aisa''' || '''@auka'''
|-
| one || two || three || four || five || six || seven
|}


{| border=1
Seuna doesn't have separate symbols for the numbers 0 to 7, but instead uses letter symbols. Also a vertical slash is included. Every Seuna number must have a vertical slash. Unlike words which are written next to other words with no spaces between, a number must be separated by spaces on both sides.
  |align=center| 1
  |align=center| '''@aba'''
  |-
  |align=center| 2
  |align=center| '''@iga'''
  |-
  |align=center| 3
  |align=center| '''@oda'''
  |-
  |align=center| 4
  |align=center| '''@ela'''
  |-
  |align=center| 5
  |align=center| '''@uca'''
  |-
  |align=center| 6
  |align=center| '''@aisa'''
  |-
  |align=center| 7
  |align=center| '''@auka'''
      |}


There are 6 words that are derived from the above basic numbers. They are used when there is some uncertainty. For example '''@igoda''' could be translated as "two or three" or as "a few", '''@ucaisa''' could be translated as "five or six" or as "a few".
[[Image:Bitmap_31_Seuna.PNG]]


If a word begins with '''@ab'''-, '''@ig'''-, '''@od'''-, '''@el'''-, '''@uc'''-, '''@ais'''- or '''@auk'''-, then that word must be a number.
==From 10 to 77==
 
==From 8 to 63==


{| border=1
{| border=1
Line 61: Line 41:
     |}
     |}


As with the basic numbers, the above numbers can be combined. '''@igaudau''' = "twenty or thirty". There is another form for the above numbers that specifies a range. For example '''@odaua''' specifies the range 30<sub>8</sub> to 37<sub>8</sub>
[[Image:Bitmap_42_Seuna.PNG]]
 
Every number from 1 to 63 has its own unique word which can be worked out from the above tables. For example ;-


'''@igauda''' = 23<sub>8</sub>
Every two digit number (i.e. 10 to 77) has its own unique word which can be worked out quite easily. For example "twenty three" is pronounced as '''@igauda''' and written ;-


==From 64 to 511==
[[Image:Bitmap_32_Seuna.PNG]]


==From 100 to 777==


{| border=1
{| border=1
Line 93: Line 72:
     |}
     |}


As with the other numbers, the above numbers can be combined. For example '''@elaicai''' = "four or five hundred".
The numbers 100 -> 700 are written similarly as the numbers 10 => 70 but with two zero's instead of one. . It wasn't thought necessary to illustrate them.


The above set of numbers can also be modified to specify a range. For example '''@elaia''' specifies the range 400<sub>8</sub> to 477<sub>8</sub>
As with two digit numbers, every three digit number (i.e. 100 to 777) has its own unique word which can be worked out quite easily, For example ;-


As with the two digit numbers, every three digit number(i.e. 1 to 511) has its own unique word which can be worked out from the above tables. For example ;-
'''@abaikauda''' = 173<sub>8</sub>


'''@igauda''' = 23<sub>8</sub>
[[Image:Bitmap_43_Seuna.PNG]]


'''@ucaiba''' = 501<sub>8</sub>
'''@ucaiba''' = 501<sub>8</sub>


'''@elaikausa''' = 476<sub>8</sub>
[[Image:Bitmap_33_Seuna.PNG]]
 
There is also another equally valid (but rarely encountered) way to write 501. It is shown below.
 
[[Image:Bitmap_34_Seuna.PNG]]
 
The above form of "501" will be explained in the next section.
 
==From 1000 to  10<sup>36</sup>-1 ==
 
So far we have been able to express every number by one word. However numbers over 777 can not be so expressed.
 
Numbers over 777 need at least one "rank" word as well. These words are a bit like our prefixes "kilo", "Mega", etc.


==From 512 to 8<sup>30</sup>-1==
However there are some differences in usage.  In Seuna it would not be allowed to say 2,000 km, but you would have to say 2 Mm (two Mega meters).
It would not be allowed to say 2,175 km but you would have to say 2 M 175 k m  (two Mega  one hundred and seventy five kilo meters). If the number has a high "dynamic range" it will need a number of "rank" words.


To express numbers greater than 511, Seuna has a number of exponention terms. These never occur by themselves but must be proceded by one of the numbers 1 to 511. These exponential terms are each written using a single symbol normally used for a consonant. They are in some ways equivalent to the S.I. prefixes kilo, Mega, giga etc..
The Seuns "rank" words are given below.


{| border=1
{| border=1
Line 149: Line 141:
So for example;-
So for example;-


'''34y4 ce''' (pronounced : @odaula yu @elace) is about<sup>*</sup> the population of the UK in 2008. Seuna has a special symbol (pronounced as "ce") which tells us the number is not exact, it is only accurate to three significant figures.
The equatorial circumference of the earth would be given as  '''@igaidau yu @aisaikauka mu @elaibaula''' meters * ( 230,677,414 <sub>8</sub>= 40,075,020<sub>10</sub>)
 
[[Image:Bitmap_44_Seuna.PNG]]
 
Note that the "rank" word is written as a vertical slash surmounted by a letter.
Note also that we have a number word then a rank word then a number word ... and so on.
 
* Of course the "meter" is not a Seuna unit of measurement. Seuna has its own units for all qualities.
 
Numbers over 777 are called "rank numbers"
 
Numbers from 1000 upto 10<sup>36</sup>-1 are more specifically called  "first rank numbers".
 
==The vertical slash==


Usually we only deal with approximate numbers. However in some scientific situation you have long and accurately known numbers. For example '''34y472m531''' (pronounced : @odaula yu @elaikauga mu @ucaidauba). In these situations the letters divide the numbers up into sets of three ... a bit similar to how we use comma's to make long numbers easier to read.
The vertical slash that must come with all numbers, when unadorned with a superscript or a subscript, can function as a decimal point. Also when occurring at the left hand side of a number or in the middle of a number it is pronounced when speaking out the number. For example ;-


<sup>*</sup>   If by some chance, the population of the UK was known to be exactly this number, then it would be represented by '''34y4̴-''' (pronounced : @odaula yu @elatiki)
[[Image:Bitmap_35_Seuna.PNG]]   pronounced '''@iga feti @odai'''


==From 1 to 8<sup>-30</sup>-1==
[[Image:Bitmap_36_Seuna.PNG]]  pronounced '''feti @igaidau'''


Of course there is also a way of representing numbers smaller than one, as well. The table below shows the symbols used for this.
[[Image:Bitmap_45_Seuna.PNG]]  pronounced '''@iga feti @odau'''
 
[[Image:Bitmap_46_Seuna.PNG]]  pronounced '''@iga feti @oda'''
 
('''feti''' means vertical)
 
==From 1 to 10<sup>-36</sup>-1==
 
Of course there is also a way of representing numbers smaller than one, as well. The table below shows the "rank" words used for this.


{| border=1
{| border=1
Line 197: Line 210:
       |}
       |}


Now you can see the same letter is being used to write exponent values greater than one and also less than one. What is to stop confusion between the two sets ? Well for longish numbers with two or more exponent values, the relative order of the exponents should tell you if we are dealing with a greater than one situation, or a less than one situation. For example '''34y4̴72m531''' must be greater than one, and '''34m4̴72y531''' must be less than one. However how do we distinguish between numbers that have only one exponent ? Well in these cases we would put a decimal point to the left of the numbers that are smaller than one. The decimal point symbol is a near-vertical dash(represented here by "/"). For example '''/34y4̴⁓''' is a number smaller than one.
It is exactly the same system as for numbers upto 10<sup>36</sup>-1. Except this time the "rank" numbers are written as small letters under the '''feti'''.
 
==Ordinal numbers==
 
Ordinal numbers are adjectives so come after the word that they qualify.
 
Ordinal numbers are the same as cardinal numbers, except that the final "a" becomes an "i".


Note;- The numbers get there magnitude value from the letter and not the decimal point. Only if there is no letter, do they take there magnitude value from the decimal point. For example '''/34''' would equal (3*8<sup>-1</sup>)+(4*8<sup>-2</sup>). Whereas '''/34y''' would equal (3*8<sup>-5</sup>)+(4*8<sup>-6</sup>).
'''@oda dwolo''' = three houses


==And even bigger numbers==
'''dwolo @odi''' = the third house


The two sets of exponent terms given above can be expanded somewhat to specify a bigger range of numbers. A symbol pronounced '''mua''' (written as the Seuna symbol for "m" with a small slash under it) representing 8<sup>30</sup> comes after the symbol pronounced '''hu'''.  Other large exponents are generated in a similar manner up to a symbol pronounced '''hua''' representing 8<sup>54</sup>. 
==Very very big numbers==


And we can expand these terms even more. A symbol pronounced '''muan''' (written as the Seuna symbol for "m" with two small slashes under it) representing 8<sup>57</sup> comes after the symbol pronounced '''hua'''. Other large exponents are generated in a similar manner up to a symbol pronounced '''huan''' representing 8<sup>81</sup>.
The "rank" words are cycled round again to represent even bigger words. This range of numbers are known as the "second rank numbers". '''@igi''' of course means "second".
For this second cycle of "rank" numbers, the vertical slash has a short horizontal bars about halfway up.


In a similar manner the small exponents can be expanded to 8<sup>-81</sup>. This is pronounced '''hian''' and written the same as '''huan'''.  
{| border=1
  |align=center| 8<sup>30</sup>
  |align=center| '''mu @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>33</sup>
  |align=center| '''yu @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>36</sup>
  |align=center| '''ju @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>39</sup>
  |align=center| '''fu @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>42</sup>
  |align=center| '''pu @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>45</sup>
  |align=center| '''tu @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>48</sup>
  |align=center| '''wu @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>51</sup>  
  |align=center| '''nu @igi'''
    |-
  |align=center| 8<sup>54</sup>
  |align=center| '''hu @igi'''
      |}
 
And there are rank numbers above this.  8<sup>57</sup> would be called '''mu @odi''' and written as the letter "m" over a vertical slash. The vertical slash having two sort horizontal bars about halfway up.


Numbers outside the above ranges are not specified.
==Very very small numbers==
 
These are expanded also. In the same manner as the very big numbers.


==Fractions==
==Fractions==
These are formed by the prefix '''sa'''. Probably derived from '''sai@u''' which means "part".


{| border=1
{| border=1
  |align=center| a unit
  |align=center| '''haba'''
  |-
   |align=center| a half
   |align=center| a half
   |align=center| '''higa'''
   |align=center| '''sa@iga'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| a third
   |align=center| a third
   |align=center| '''hoda'''
   |align=center| '''sa@oda'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| a fourth
   |align=center| a fourth
   |align=center| '''hela'''
   |align=center| '''sa@ela'''
   |-  
   |-  
   |align=center| a fifth
   |align=center| a fifth
   |align=center| '''huca'''
   |align=center| '''sa@uca'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| a sixth
   |align=center| a sixth
   |align=center| '''haisa'''
   |align=center| '''sa@aisa'''
   |-
   |-
   |align=center| a seventh
   |align=center| a seventh
   |align=center| '''hauka'''
   |align=center| '''sa@uaka'''
       |}
       |}


==Ordinal numbers==
[[Image:Bitmap_55_Seuna.PNG]]
 
If it is a very big number that you want to convert, the LHS* edge of the number might be a "rank" number. '''sa''' can not be prefixed to "rank numbers" or '''feti'''. In these cases the word '''sa@aba''' is introduced as the LHS component of the number.
 
* LHS = Left hand side.
 
==Nouns from numbers==
 
klolo = wheel, klolaga = bicycle ?? kloli = vehicle ??


Ordinal numbers have the exact same form as cardinal numbers but are adjectives. Being adjectives they come after the noun that they qualify.
==To show the exactness of a number==


'''ada dwolon''' = three houses
[[Image:Bitmap_39_Seuna.PNG]]


'''dwolo ada''' = the third house
Three symbols that when placed over "letters", represent vowels, are used to give some idea of the exactness of a number.


The word '''ada''' never occurs as an adjective by itself. If the noun that the ordinal number qualifies is dropped, usually the word '''das''', meaning "place" is inserted. For example, in answer to the qustion;-
The basic number above '''@oda mu @elai''' which we can say is "three thousand four hundred"(roughly).


'''toiba ro dwolo yuge''' = which is your house
The first word has the "i" vowel symbol after it. It would be pronounced '''@oda mu @elai tiki''' ... '''tiki''' simple means "exactly"


One could answer;-
The second word has the "u" vowel symbol after it. It would be pronounced '''@oda mu @elai jubu''' ... '''jubu''' simple means "approximately". Note that this symbol is very similar to the symbol for zero. However as zero will never occur on the trailing edge of a number, there is no chance of misidentification.


'''ro dwolo ada''' = It is the third house  ... or ...   '''ro das ada''' = It is the third (one).
The third word has the "a" vowel symbol after it. It would be pronounced '''@oda mu @elaia''' . This expression denote the range of numbers from 3,400 => 3,477.77777 ...


==Nouns from numbers==
The fourth word would be pronounced '''@oda mu @elaicaua''' . This expression denote the range of numbers from 3,450 => 3,457.7777 ...


klolo = wheel, klolaga = bicycle ?? kloli = vehicle ??
When '''@oda mu @elaicaua''' is followed by the locative case clitic, it mean one number in the range 3,450 => 3,457.7777 ...


==Negatives numbers==
==Negatives numbers==


A negative is represented by putting "back/backwards" after the number.
A negative is represented by putting ??? , which means "down" or "downwards" after the number. It is represented by putting a sort of "v" sign under the '''feti'''.
 
[[Image:Bitmap_51_Seuna.PNG]]
 
If the '''feti''' also held a "rank number" underneath, then this "rank number" would go under the "v".
 
==Complex numbers==
 
A bar sign indicates a complex number. The real part is to the left of the bar and the imaginary part is to the right of the bar.
 
The imaginary part is pronounced by putting "side" or "sideways" before the number.
 
[[Image:Bitmap_53_Seuna.PNG]]
 
If there is no real part, then it is simply left out, and the bar is on the leftmost side of the number (imaginary number).


==Imaginary numbers==
[[Image:Bitmap_54_Seuna.PNG]]


An imaginary number is represented by putting "side/sideways" or "rightside" or "leftside" after the number.
The above wound be pronounced as "side" "down" '''@oda feti @ucai'''.


== Mathematical operations ==
== Mathematical operations ==

Latest revision as of 04:10, 26 November 2009

In Seuna the number system uses base 8. Remember that all the numbers in this section are in octal, even if not specifically marked as such.

Zero

Seuna has a symbol for zero (actually similar to our "o" but a bit smaller). It is called nyegatuna (gap symbol).

From 1 to 7

@aba @iga @oda @ela @uca @aisa @auka
one two three four five six seven

Seuna doesn't have separate symbols for the numbers 0 to 7, but instead uses letter symbols. Also a vertical slash is included. Every Seuna number must have a vertical slash. Unlike words which are written next to other words with no spaces between, a number must be separated by spaces on both sides.

Bitmap 31 Seuna.PNG

From 10 to 77

108 @abau
208 @igau
308 @odau
408 @elau
508 @ucau
608 @aisau
708 @aukau

Bitmap 42 Seuna.PNG

Every two digit number (i.e. 10 to 77) has its own unique word which can be worked out quite easily. For example "twenty three" is pronounced as @igauda and written ;-

Bitmap 32 Seuna.PNG

From 100 to 777

1008 @abai
2008 @igai
3008 @odai
4008 @elai
5008 @ucai
6008 @aisai
7008 @aukai

The numbers 100 -> 700 are written similarly as the numbers 10 => 70 but with two zero's instead of one. . It wasn't thought necessary to illustrate them.

As with two digit numbers, every three digit number (i.e. 100 to 777) has its own unique word which can be worked out quite easily, For example ;-

@abaikauda = 1738

Bitmap 43 Seuna.PNG

@ucaiba = 5018

Bitmap 33 Seuna.PNG

There is also another equally valid (but rarely encountered) way to write 501. It is shown below.

Bitmap 34 Seuna.PNG

The above form of "501" will be explained in the next section.

From 1000 to 1036-1

So far we have been able to express every number by one word. However numbers over 777 can not be so expressed.

Numbers over 777 need at least one "rank" word as well. These words are a bit like our prefixes "kilo", "Mega", etc.

However there are some differences in usage. In Seuna it would not be allowed to say 2,000 km, but you would have to say 2 Mm (two Mega meters). It would not be allowed to say 2,175 km but you would have to say 2 M 175 k m (two Mega one hundred and seventy five kilo meters). If the number has a high "dynamic range" it will need a number of "rank" words.

The Seuns "rank" words are given below.

83 m mu
86 y yu
89 j ju
812 f fu
815 p pu
818 t tu
821 w wu
824 n nu
827 h hu

So for example;-

The equatorial circumference of the earth would be given as @igaidau yu @aisaikauka mu @elaibaula meters * ( 230,677,414 8= 40,075,02010)

Bitmap 44 Seuna.PNG

Note that the "rank" word is written as a vertical slash surmounted by a letter. Note also that we have a number word then a rank word then a number word ... and so on.

  • Of course the "meter" is not a Seuna unit of measurement. Seuna has its own units for all qualities.

Numbers over 777 are called "rank numbers"

Numbers from 1000 upto 1036-1 are more specifically called "first rank numbers".

The vertical slash

The vertical slash that must come with all numbers, when unadorned with a superscript or a subscript, can function as a decimal point. Also when occurring at the left hand side of a number or in the middle of a number it is pronounced when speaking out the number. For example ;-

Bitmap 35 Seuna.PNG pronounced @iga feti @odai

Bitmap 36 Seuna.PNG pronounced feti @igaidau

Bitmap 45 Seuna.PNG pronounced @iga feti @odau

Bitmap 46 Seuna.PNG pronounced @iga feti @oda

(feti means vertical)

From 1 to 10-36-1

Of course there is also a way of representing numbers smaller than one, as well. The table below shows the "rank" words used for this.

8-3 m mi
8-6 y yi
8-9 j ji
8-12 f fi
8-15 p pi
8-18 t ti
8-21 w wi
8-24 n ni
8-27 h hi

It is exactly the same system as for numbers upto 1036-1. Except this time the "rank" numbers are written as small letters under the feti.

Ordinal numbers

Ordinal numbers are adjectives so come after the word that they qualify.

Ordinal numbers are the same as cardinal numbers, except that the final "a" becomes an "i".

@oda dwolo = three houses

dwolo @odi = the third house

Very very big numbers

The "rank" words are cycled round again to represent even bigger words. This range of numbers are known as the "second rank numbers". @igi of course means "second". For this second cycle of "rank" numbers, the vertical slash has a short horizontal bars about halfway up.

830 mu @igi
833 yu @igi
836 ju @igi
839 fu @igi
842 pu @igi
845 tu @igi
848 wu @igi
851 nu @igi
854 hu @igi

And there are rank numbers above this. 857 would be called mu @odi and written as the letter "m" over a vertical slash. The vertical slash having two sort horizontal bars about halfway up.

Very very small numbers

These are expanded also. In the same manner as the very big numbers.

Fractions

These are formed by the prefix sa. Probably derived from sai@u which means "part".

a half sa@iga
a third sa@oda
a fourth sa@ela
a fifth sa@uca
a sixth sa@aisa
a seventh sa@uaka

Bitmap 55 Seuna.PNG

If it is a very big number that you want to convert, the LHS* edge of the number might be a "rank" number. sa can not be prefixed to "rank numbers" or feti. In these cases the word sa@aba is introduced as the LHS component of the number.

  • LHS = Left hand side.

Nouns from numbers

klolo = wheel, klolaga = bicycle ?? kloli = vehicle ??

To show the exactness of a number

Bitmap 39 Seuna.PNG

Three symbols that when placed over "letters", represent vowels, are used to give some idea of the exactness of a number.

The basic number above @oda mu @elai which we can say is "three thousand four hundred"(roughly).

The first word has the "i" vowel symbol after it. It would be pronounced @oda mu @elai tiki ... tiki simple means "exactly"

The second word has the "u" vowel symbol after it. It would be pronounced @oda mu @elai jubu ... jubu simple means "approximately". Note that this symbol is very similar to the symbol for zero. However as zero will never occur on the trailing edge of a number, there is no chance of misidentification.

The third word has the "a" vowel symbol after it. It would be pronounced @oda mu @elaia . This expression denote the range of numbers from 3,400 => 3,477.77777 ...

The fourth word would be pronounced @oda mu @elaicaua . This expression denote the range of numbers from 3,450 => 3,457.7777 ...

When @oda mu @elaicaua is followed by the locative case clitic, it mean one number in the range 3,450 => 3,457.7777 ...

Negatives numbers

A negative is represented by putting ??? , which means "down" or "downwards" after the number. It is represented by putting a sort of "v" sign under the feti.

Bitmap 51 Seuna.PNG

If the feti also held a "rank number" underneath, then this "rank number" would go under the "v".

Complex numbers

A bar sign indicates a complex number. The real part is to the left of the bar and the imaginary part is to the right of the bar.

The imaginary part is pronounced by putting "side" or "sideways" before the number.

Bitmap 53 Seuna.PNG

If there is no real part, then it is simply left out, and the bar is on the leftmost side of the number (imaginary number).

Bitmap 54 Seuna.PNG

The above wound be pronounced as "side" "down" @oda feti @ucai.

Mathematical operations

Addition

Western mathematical notation Which is pronounced
2 + 3 = 5 two and three is five
Seuna mathematical notation Which is pronounced
2,3>5 aga ada ro aca

Subtraction

For subtraction, or addition which inviolves negative numbers, each number must be followed by either "forward" or "backward" depending upon whether the number is possitive or negative.

Multiplication

There is a particle je which is placed between words to be multiplied.

Western mathematical notation Which is pronounced
2 x 3 = 5 two times three is five
Seuna mathematical notation Which is pronounced
2+3>5 aga je ada ro aca

Division

15 divided by 5 is 3 ............. 15 shared 3ji is 5

tonda means "to add" or "addition", and jemba means "to multiply" or "multiplication". ??? tondua = subtraction, jembua = division ???

Index

  1. Introduction to Seuna
  2. Seuna : Chapter 1
  3. Seuna word shape
  4. The script of Seuna
  5. Seuna sentence structure
  6. Seuna pronouns
  7. Seuna nouns
  8. Seuna verbs (1)
  9. Seuna adjectives
  10. Seuna demonstratives
  11. Seuna verbs (2)
  12. Asking a question in Seuna
  13. Seuna relative clauses
  14. Seuna verbs (3)
  15. Methods for deriving words in Seuna
  16. List of all Seuna derivational affixes
  17. Numbers in Seuna
  18. Naming people in Seuna
  19. The Seuna calendar
  20. Seuna units
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