Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions

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Two newly proposed vowels for PU.
Finnic *i-a, Samic *o-ē, Mordvinic *o-ə
* *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
* *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;


{| cellpadding="0"|
{| cellpadding="0"|
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
! Lexeme !! Finnic !! Samic !! Mordv. !! Mari !! Udmurt !! Komi !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! Samoyedic
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! [[Mordvinic|Mordv.]] !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! [[Hungarian|Hung.]] !! [[Mansi]] !! [[Khanty]] !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Comments
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| "I"
! colspan="11" | *ê_i
| *minä || *mon || mon || *məń || *mö(n)<!-- -n in U.--> || een || *äm || *mä || *mən
| rowspan="2"| Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "thou"
| *cinä || *ton || ton || *tiń || *tö(n) || te || - || - || *tən
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "bird"
| *lintu || *lontē || - || style="color:red"| *lʊðə || - || luud || *luuntə || *låånt || -
| also cf. Kh. *ɭüüntii "bunting"
|-
|-
| "to fear"
| "sleeve"
| *pel-kä- || *pɤlɤ- || peĺe- || - || pul- || pol- || feel- || *pil- || *peɬ- || *pêj-
| *hija  || '''*soajē''' || - || *sokš || *sooj<br/>U. *sajes || ujj || *tɤɤjət || *ɬɯɯt || '''*tüəj'''
| #soja, #soja-ksə
|-
|-
| "blood"
| "sleeve"
| *veri || *vɤrɤ || veŕ || wər || vir || vir || veer || *wiɣər || *wer || -
|style="color:red"| *hiha ||style="color:red"| *sɤsē || oža || - || - || - || - || - || -
| F. / S. *š- by contam. with the prev.
|-
|-
| "water"
| "phloem"
| *veti || - || veď || wət || vu || va || viiz || *wit || - || *wêt
| *nila || ''*ńɤlɤ'' || nola || *nalə || U. ńɨ/ɤl ~<br/>K. ńɨla || - || '''*ńɯl''' || *ńaL || -
|-
|-
| "to go"
| "to curse"
| *mene- || *mɤnɤ- || - || mije- || mɯnɯ- || mun- || mën- || *min- || *men- || *mên-
| *kiro- || *kɤrō- || kor- || - || - || - || *kor- || *koorəm || *kərä-
|-
| close to *u
| "skin"
| *keti || *kɤtɤ || *keď || - || - || - || - || - || - || *kêti
|-
|-
| "to hit"
| "to wash"
| *löö- || - || - || lüe- || - || lɯj- || löv- || *li- || - || *jöw-
| *liko- || - || - || - || - || - || *lowt- || *loɣɯɯt- || -
| WTF. Laryngeal complications? *lêxi?
|-
|-
| "lip"
| "to thro"
| - || *pɤŋsɤm || - || - || - || - || - || *piťem || *peɬem || *peptän
| *viska- || - || - || - || - || - || E+N *wośkə- || W *waćkə- || -
| close to *u
|-
|-
| "to dodge"
| "to scrape"
| - || *kɤrvé- || - || - || - || - || kerül- || *kir- || '''*käärəɣ-''' || -
| *vito- || *vɤcō- || - || - || *vuušt- || vaasik- || '''*ašeɣ-''' || *wooč- || -
|-
| close to *u
| "to cook"
| - || *pɤsé- || || || pɯž- || pɤž- || föö- || '''*piit-''' || '''*pääɬ-''' || -
|-
|-
| "skin"
| "skin"
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || kər || kur || kor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || -
| *iho || *ɤsē || jožo || Hi. juž || K. ež || - || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| ← II *iza- ?!
! colspan="11" | FV *e; Ob-Ugr./Samoyed *ê
|-
|-
| "nest"
| "green, yellow,<br/>poison, hate"
| *pesä || *peasé || pizə || pežäš || puz || poz || feesek || *pit || *peɬ || *pêtä
| *viha, *viherä<!--note *aCV > eCV--> || - || ožo || *ʊžar || *vöž, K viž || - || - || - || -
| NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
|-
|-
| "thumb"
| "to sharpen"
| '''*peukalo''' || *pealké || '''päĺkä''' || - || pɤlɯ || pev || - || - || - || *pêj
| *hijo- || *sɤjē- || style="color:red"| šova- || style="color:red"| *šʊme- || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to hit"
| "yeast; foam"
| *peeksä- || - || pikse- || - || pos- || pes- || - || - || - || *pitV-
| ''*hiiva'' || - || *šoŋ || *šoŋ || - || - || - || - || -
| F. ← B. *šiiva- "white"?
|-
|-
| "woman"
| "to pluck"
| *nei-ti || *néjtɤ || ni || - || nɯl || nɯl || - || '''*nii''' || '''*niiŋ''' || *nê
| *kickõ/o- <!-- Es. kitku-, Vo. kitkõ- --> || *kɤckē- || kočko- || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/I|*kiske-]]
! colspan="11" | *ê_a
|-
|-
| "corn"
| "to bind"
| *jüvä || - || '''juv''' || - || ju || jɯki || - || - || - || -
| *sito- || - || sodo- || '''*šüðəkš''' || - || - || - || - || -
| ← IE *jewa (Avestan ''yava'' etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
| PreF *ï confirmed by Vo. sitõk "bind"!
|-
|-
| "glue"
| "to sit"
| *tümä || *ðɤmé || - || - || ĺem || ĺem || - || - || - || *jêmä
| *istu- || (*i(š)tɤ-) || oza- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Unclear medial. S. ← F.
|-
|-
| "thick"
| "price"
| - || *kɤsé || - || kəžgə || kɯz || kɯz || - || *køɬ || - || -
| *hinta || - || čonda || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "heart"
| "pig"
| *sütän || *čɤðém || śedeɲ || šüüm || śulem || śɤlɤm || siiv || *šim || *sem || *sejə
| *cika || - || '''tuvo''' || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
| Mo. raising before -v-?
! colspan="11" | *ü_a (note similarity)
|-
|-
| "to push"
| "surface, body"
| *lükkä- || - || - || - || - || - || lök- || *lük- || *lök- || -
| *pinta  || - || ponda || - || U. ped || - || - || - || -
| Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
|-
|-
| "elbow"
| "ski"
| *küünärä || '''*kɤrńélé''' || keńeŕ || kəńer || gɯr || gɯrdža || köńök  || *küŋgəl || *köń-ŋääj || -
| *sipakka || *sɤpēkkē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "with"
| "to stretch"
| *möö || *mɤŋé- || mej || möŋgə || - || mɯ- || mög- || - || - || -
| *piŋko- || *pɤŋkē- || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Or *i_a.
|-
|-
| "wart"
| "brest"
| *süklä || '''*čivlé''' || śiĺge || šəgəĺe || || || süĺ || || ||
| *rinta || *rɤntē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="11" | *ô_i
|-
|-
| "3"
| "rapids"
| *kolmet || *kolmɤ || kolmo || kɯm || kwiń  || kujim || haarom || kuurəm || kääɬəm || -
| (Fi. niva) || *ńɤvē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Rather F. ← S.
|-
|-
| "minor river"
| ""
| *joki || *jokə || jov || joɣə || ju || ju || joo || *jɯɯ || - || -
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
| "major river"
| *juka || - || - || || || || || || *jaaɣ || *jəka
| for comparision
|-
| "dry"
| *koski || koškɤ- || kośke- || koškə- || kwaś || koś || - || - || - || *kåsə-
| F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ  ibid.
|-
| "bow"
| *jouci || '''*jóksɤ''' || joŋks || joŋež || || || || || || *jɯntə
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="11" | *ô_a
|-
| "I"
| *minä || *mon || mon || məń || mon || me || een || *äm || *mä || *mən
|-
| "thou"
| *tinä || *ton || ton || tiń || ton || te || te || - || - || *tən
|-
| "bird"
| *lintu || *lonté || - || luðə || - || - || luud || *luuntə || *låånt || -
|-
| "sleeve"
| *hija  || '''*soajé''' || || || || || || || ||
|-
| "sleeve"
| *hiha || *sɤsé || oža || sokš || suj || soj || ujj || *tɯɯjət || *ɬɯɯt || '''*tüəj'''
|-
| "to curse"
| *kiro- || *kɤro- || kor- || || || || || *kår- || *koorəm || *kərä-
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
| *nila || || nola || || || || || || ||
| || || || || || || || ||
|-
| "skin"
| *iho || *ɤsé || jožo  || juž || - || ež || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to bind"
| *sito- || || sodo- || || || || || || ||
|-
| "to sharpen"
| *hijo- || *sɤjé- || šova- || šume- || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| "power"
| || || || || || || || || ||
| *into || ES '''*ont-''' || - || - || *ɤdɨ || - || - || - || -
| Or F. ← Gmc *inθōn
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 10:54, 6 September 2014

Finnic *i-a, Samic *o-ē, Mordvinic *o-ə

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy.
"I" *minä *mon mon *məń *mö(n) een *äm *mä *mən Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
"thou" *cinä *ton ton *tiń *tö(n) te - - *tən
"bird" *lintu *lontē - *lʊðə - luud *luuntə *låånt - also cf. Kh. *ɭüüntii "bunting"
"sleeve" *hija *soajē - *sokš *sooj
U. *sajes		 ujj *tɤɤjət *ɬɯɯt *tüəj #soja, #soja-ksə
"sleeve" *hiha *sɤsē oža - - - - - - F. / S. *š- by contam. with the prev.
"phloem" *nila *ńɤlɤ nola *nalə U. ńɨ/ɤl ~
K. ńɨla		 - *ńɯl *ńaL -
"to curse" *kiro- *kɤrō- kor- - - - *kor- *koorəm *kərä- close to *u
"to wash" *liko- - - - - - *lowt- *loɣɯɯt- -
"to thro" *viska- - - - - - E+N *wośkə- W *waćkə- - close to *u
"to scrape" *vito- *vɤcō- - - *vuušt- vaasik- *ašeɣ- *wooč- - close to *u
"skin" *iho *ɤsē jožo Hi. juž K. ež - - - - ← II *iza- ?!
"green, yellow,
poison, hate" 		*viha, *viherä - ožo *ʊžar *vöž, K viž - - - - NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
"to sharpen" *hijo- *sɤjē- šova- *šʊme- - - - - -
"yeast; foam" *hiiva - *šoŋ *šoŋ - - - - - F. ← B. *šiiva- "white"?
"to pluck" *kickõ/o- *kɤckē- kočko- - - - - - - Cf. *kiske-
"to bind" *sito- - sodo- *šüðəkš - - - - - PreF *ï confirmed by Vo. sitõk "bind"!
"to sit" *istu- (*i(š)tɤ-) oza- - - - - - - Unclear medial. S. ← F.
"price" *hinta - čonda - - - - - -
"pig" *cika - tuvo - - - - - - Mo. raising before -v-?
"surface, body" *pinta - ponda - U. ped - - - - Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
"ski" *sipakka *sɤpēkkē - - - - - - -
"to stretch" *piŋko- *pɤŋkē- - - - - - - - Or *i_a.
"brest" *rinta *rɤntē - - - - - - -
"rapids" (Fi. niva) *ńɤvē - - - - - - - Rather F. ← S.
""
""
"power" *into ES *ont- - - *ɤdɨ - - - - Or F. ← Gmc *inθōn
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