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'''Brithenig''' is a [[Wikipedia:Romance languages|Romance]] conlang devised by Andrew Smith from New Zealand, starting in 1996, and the foundation of the [[Ill Bethisad]] alternative timeline.  Brithenig is based on a Brythonic substratum, thus resembling Welsh in its phonology.  The language was received with enthusiasm in the conlang community, and inspired many conlangers to come up with their own Romance conlangs, such as [[Breathanach]] (Goidelic substratum; Geoff Eddy), [[Wenedyk]] (Polish substratum; Jan van Steenbergen), [[Judajca]] (Hebrew substratum; Steg Belsky) and [[Germanech]] (German substratum; Jörg Rhiemeier).
'''Brithenig''' is a [[Wikipedia:Romance languages|Romance]] conlang devised by Andrew Smith from New Zealand, starting in 1996, and the foundation of the [[Ill Bethisad]] alternative timeline.  Brithenig is based on a Brythonic substratum, thus resembling Welsh in its phonology.  The language was received with enthusiasm in the conlang community, and inspired many conlangers to come up with their own Romance conlangs, such as [[Breathanach]] (Goidelic substratum; Geoff Eddy), [[Wenedyk]] (Polish substratum; Jan van Steenbergen), [[Judajca]] (Hebrew substratum; Steg Belsky) and [[Roman Germanech]] (German substratum; Jörg Rhiemeier).
 
Brithenig [http://dedalvs.com/smileys/2013.html won] the 2013 [[Smiley Award]].


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Most of Brithenig's vocabulary is distinctively Romance, even though it is disguised as Welsh. The following list of 30 words gives an impression of what Brithenig looks like in comparison to nine other Romance languages including Wenedyk, and to Welsh. The similarity of about one-quarter of the Welsh words to Brithenig words is due to their common [[Indo-European]] background.
Most of Brithenig's vocabulary is distinctively Romance, even though it is disguised as Welsh. The following list of 30 words gives an impression of what Brithenig looks like in comparison to nine other Romance languages including Wenedyk, and to Welsh. The similarity of about one-quarter of the Welsh words to Brithenig words is due to their common [[Indo-European]] background.
==Contents==
A mirror of the Brithenig website:
[[The Alphabet in Brithenig]]
[[Mutations in Brithenig]]
[[Nouns in Brithenig]]
[[Pronouns in Brithenig]]
[[Adjectives in Brithenig]]
[[Verbs in Brithenig]]
[[Questions in Brithenig]]
[[Commands in Brithenig]]
[[Numbers in Brithenig]]
[[Brithenig Lexicon]]


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==Example==
==Examples==
 
'''The Lord's Prayer:'''


The Lord's Prayer:
:Nustr Padr, ke sia i llo gel:
:Nustr Padr, ke sia i llo gel:
:sia senghid tew nôn:  
:sia senghid tew nôn:  
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:Per ill rheon, ill cofaeth e lla leir es ill tew,  
:Per ill rheon, ill cofaeth e lla leir es ill tew,  
:per segl e segl. Amen.
:per segl e segl. Amen.
'''From a Parish Bulletin:'''
ill prestr new
ill prestr new er dan narfus a sew prif offrenn ke ne pothef parolar ben rhen.  inawant di lla affarencia segunn in ill pylffid, ys rhuaf all monseniwr ke pothrew rhilaesarsi.  ill monseniwr lle dith: “ill Doneg ill proesif, sa both aydarti si dy bon alch fodka in lla baiol.  dibos di dew o drui sorfidd, sa ddef ir fen.”  ill Doneg ill proesif, ill prestr new seguïf lla sugestiwn dill monseniwr, e mab car ys parolaf! — ne osstant, cann ys tornaf a lla rheitheir, ys discobrif yn garth dill monseniwr:
1.  ill temp ill proesif, sorfith n’inglyth rhen;<br>
2.  af deg commannfent, ne rhen dewddig;<br>
3.  af dewddig dyscibl, ne rhen deg;<br>
4.  nu ne referen rhen all Cryg comodd ill grann “Ti”;<br>
5.  lla gracia recommendad inawant di mannugar n’es rhen “greiden dew ffa-la-la, per llo grew tra-la-ffa-la!”;<br>
6.  ne refeir rhen a nustr Salwadur, Iesu Crist, e sew affoissul comodd “I.C. e llo Meib”;<br>
7.  Dewydd mawaf a Goliadd, ys ne calchaf sew cul;<br>
8.  ill Padr, Ffeil e hYsperid Saeth ne rhen se referenn nonc comodd “Grann Taddo, Yniwr e’ll Bugun”;<br>
9.  sempr saes lla Gwirgen Maria, ne rhen nonc lla Maria cun lla ceresa;<br>
10.  e h-yllif, mai ne muinisaf rhen, ill Merchyr ill proesif, afra yn gonthuyst dill traer llo ddulch a lla egluis Saeth Pedr, ne rhen yn gonthuyst dill traer llo Pedr a lla egluis Saeth Dulchen.<br>


==External link==
==External link==
http://hobbit.griffler.co.nz/introduction.html - [[Andrew Smith]]
http://steen.free.fr/brithenig/introduction.html - [[Andrew]]


=Old article below this line.=
=Old article below this line.=
Line 127: Line 172:
One of the best of the fictional languages on the web. Brithenig is the language of an alternate history, [[Ill Bethisad]] being the Romance language that might have evolved if Latin speakers had displaced Celtic speakers in Britain. Brithenig has undergone sound changes similar to those of Welsh, and has borrowed from Old Celtic and from Old, Middle and Modern English.   
One of the best of the fictional languages on the web. Brithenig is the language of an alternate history, [[Ill Bethisad]] being the Romance language that might have evolved if Latin speakers had displaced Celtic speakers in Britain. Brithenig has undergone sound changes similar to those of Welsh, and has borrowed from Old Celtic and from Old, Middle and Modern English.   


Included in [http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/4854/trav.htm The Traveller's Phrasebook]:   
Included in [https://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/4854/trav.htm The Traveller's Phrasebook]:   


In your tour you are approaching the border of a new country.  The sign says: BENWENID A GHEMR and in smaller letters underneath: Welcome to Cambria.  As Kemr is a member of the Economic Community customs is easily dealt with, but the guidebook is a different matter altogether:   
In your tour you are approaching the border of a new country.  The sign says: BENWENID A GHEMR and in smaller letters underneath: Welcome to Cambria.  As Kemr is a member of the Economic Community customs is easily dealt with, but the guidebook is a different matter altogether:   
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| 23. || I don't know anything about local politics, I'm afraid. || Eo sab rhen alch am ill politig llog, eo dif.   
| 23. || I don't know anything about local politics, I'm afraid. || Eo sab rhen alch am ill politig llog, eo dif.   
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
| 24. || Our guide did not tell us that there was a (revolution/war/soccer[football] championship) going on in this country. || Nustr gwidadur nu haddigef ke sa er yn (cluinediwn/wer/gwiadig Rugby) awen in ill paes ci.<br>''Ill gwiadig Rugby literally means 'Rugby tour'.  Rugby is generically similar to American Football but is played with less protective padding. Rugby-playing nations regullarly tour each other to play national and regional teams.  The Chemran do not consider Rugby to be a religion, quite the reverse.''
| 24. || Our guide did not tell us that there was a (revolution/war/soccer[football] championship) going on in this country. || Nustr gwidadur nu haddigef ke sa er yn (cluinediwn/wer/gwiadig Rugby) awen in ill paes ci.<br>''Ill gwiadig Rugby literally means 'Rugby tour'.  Rugby is generically similar to American Football but is played with less protective padding. Rugby-playing nations regullarly tour each other to play national and regional teams.  The Chemran do not consider Rugby to be a religion, quite the reverse.''
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
| 25. || Thank you for your hospitality. We enjoyed our visit very much, but now we must be going home because we have many important things to do there. || Greididd per gwstr benwenid. Nu hinweidafan nustr gwisit mulltisaf, mai hur nu ddefen wenir a lla gas perch nu hafan mullt di llo chos far ffager.
| 25. || Thank you for your hospitality. We enjoyed our visit very much, but now we must be going home because we have many important things to do there. || Greididd per gwstr benwenid. Nu hinweidafan nustr gwisit mulltisaf, mai hur nu ddefen wenir a lla gas perch nu hafan mullt di llo chos far ffager.
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===External link===
===External link===
http://hobbit.griffler.co.nz/introduction.html - [[Andrew Smith]]
http://steen.free.fr/brithenig/introduction.html - [[Andrew]]


[[Category:Ill Bethisad]]
[[Category:Ill Bethisad]]
[[Category:Romance conlangs]]
[[Category:Romance conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 18:13, 3 April 2021

Brithenig
Brithenig
Spoken in: Kemr
Timeline/Universe: Ill Bethisad
Total speakers:
Genealogical classification: Indo-European
Italic
Romance
Brithenig
Basic word order: SVO
Morphological type: fusional
Morphosyntactic alignment: accusative
Created by:
Andrew Smith 1996

Brithenig is a Romance conlang devised by Andrew Smith from New Zealand, starting in 1996, and the foundation of the Ill Bethisad alternative timeline. Brithenig is based on a Brythonic substratum, thus resembling Welsh in its phonology. The language was received with enthusiasm in the conlang community, and inspired many conlangers to come up with their own Romance conlangs, such as Breathanach (Goidelic substratum; Geoff Eddy), Wenedyk (Polish substratum; Jan van Steenbergen), Judajca (Hebrew substratum; Steg Belsky) and Roman Germanech (German substratum; Jörg Rhiemeier).

Brithenig won the 2013 Smiley Award.

Vocabulary

Most of Brithenig's vocabulary is distinctively Romance, even though it is disguised as Welsh. The following list of 30 words gives an impression of what Brithenig looks like in comparison to nine other Romance languages including Wenedyk, and to Welsh. The similarity of about one-quarter of the Welsh words to Brithenig words is due to their common Indo-European background.

Contents

A mirror of the Brithenig website:

The Alphabet in Brithenig

Mutations in Brithenig

Nouns in Brithenig

Pronouns in Brithenig

Adjectives in Brithenig

Verbs in Brithenig

Questions in Brithenig

Commands in Brithenig

Numbers in Brithenig

Brithenig Lexicon


Brithenig compared with Romance and Welsh
English Latin Portuguese Spanish French Italian Rhaeto-​Romance Romanian Wenedyk Brithenig (Welsh)
arm brachium braço brazo bras braccio bratsch braţ brocz breich (braich)
black nĭger negro negro noir nero nair negru niegry nîr (du)
city, town cīvĭtas cidade ciudad cité città citad oraş czytać ciwdad (dinas)
death mŏrs morte muerte mort morte mort moarte mroć morth (angau)
dog canis cão perro chien cane chaun cîine kań can (ci)
ear auris, aurĭcŭla orelha oreja oreille orecchio ureglia ureche urzykła origl (clust)
egg ovum ovo huevo œuf uovo ov ou ów ew (yw)
eye ŏcŭlus olho ojo œil occhio egl ochi okieł ogl (llygad)
father pater pai padre père padre bab tată poterz padr (tad)
fire ignis, fŏcus fogo fuego feu fuoco fieu foc fok ffog (tân)
fish pĭscis peixe pez, pescado poisson pesce pesch peşte pieszcz pisc (pysgod)
foot pĕs pé pie pied piede pe picior piedź pedd (troed)
friend amīcus amigo amigo ami amico ami prieten, amic omik efig (cyfaill)
green vĭrĭdis verde verde vert verde verd verde wierdzi gwirdd (gwyrdd)
horse ĕquus, cabăllus cavalo caballo cheval cavallo chaval cal kawał cafall (ceffyl)
I ĕgo eu yo je io jau eu jo eo (i)
island īnsŭla ilha isla île isola insla insulă izła ysl (ynys)
language, tongue lĭngua língua lengua langue lingua linguatg, lieunga limbă lęgwa llinghedig, llingw (iaith)
life vīta vida vida vie vita vita viaţă wita gwid (bywyd)
milk lac leite leche lait latte latg lapte łoc llaeth (llaeth)
name nōmen nome nombre nom nome num nume numię nôn (enw)
night nŏx noite noche nuit notte notg noapte noc noeth (nos)
old vĕtus velho viejo vieux vecchio vegl vechi wiekły gwegl (hen)
school schŏla escola escuela école scuola scola şcoală szkoła yscol (ysgol)
sky caelum céu cielo ciel cielo tschiel cer czał cel (wybr)
star stēlla estrela estrella étoile stella staila stea ścioła ystuil (seren)
tooth dēns, dĕntem dente diente dent dente dent dinte dzięć dent (dant)
voice vōx voz voz voix voce vusch voce wucz gwg (llais)
water aqua água agua eau acqua aua apă jekwa ag (dŵr)
wind vĕntus vento viento vent vento vent vînt więt gwent (gwynt)

Examples

The Lord's Prayer:

Nustr Padr, ke sia i llo gel:
sia senghid tew nôn:
gwein tew rheon:
sia ffaeth tew wolont,
syrs lla der sig i llo gel.
Dun nustr pan diwrnal a nu h-eidd;
e pharddun llo nustr phechad a nu,
si nu pharddunan llo nustr phechadur.
E ngheidd rhen di nu in ill temp di drial,
mai llifr nu di'll mal.
Per ill rheon, ill cofaeth e lla leir es ill tew,
per segl e segl. Amen.

From a Parish Bulletin:

ill prestr new

ill prestr new er dan narfus a sew prif offrenn ke ne pothef parolar ben rhen. inawant di lla affarencia segunn in ill pylffid, ys rhuaf all monseniwr ke pothrew rhilaesarsi. ill monseniwr lle dith: “ill Doneg ill proesif, sa both aydarti si dy bon alch fodka in lla baiol. dibos di dew o drui sorfidd, sa ddef ir fen.” ill Doneg ill proesif, ill prestr new seguïf lla sugestiwn dill monseniwr, e mab car ys parolaf! — ne osstant, cann ys tornaf a lla rheitheir, ys discobrif yn garth dill monseniwr:

1. ill temp ill proesif, sorfith n’inglyth rhen;
2. af deg commannfent, ne rhen dewddig;
3. af dewddig dyscibl, ne rhen deg;
4. nu ne referen rhen all Cryg comodd ill grann “Ti”;
5. lla gracia recommendad inawant di mannugar n’es rhen “greiden dew ffa-la-la, per llo grew tra-la-ffa-la!”;
6. ne refeir rhen a nustr Salwadur, Iesu Crist, e sew affoissul comodd “I.C. e llo Meib”;
7. Dewydd mawaf a Goliadd, ys ne calchaf sew cul;
8. ill Padr, Ffeil e hYsperid Saeth ne rhen se referenn nonc comodd “Grann Taddo, Yniwr e’ll Bugun”;
9. sempr saes lla Gwirgen Maria, ne rhen nonc lla Maria cun lla ceresa;
10. e h-yllif, mai ne muinisaf rhen, ill Merchyr ill proesif, afra yn gonthuyst dill traer llo ddulch a lla egluis Saeth Pedr, ne rhen yn gonthuyst dill traer llo Pedr a lla egluis Saeth Dulchen.

External link

http://steen.free.fr/brithenig/introduction.html - Andrew

Old article below this line.

Brithenig was devised by Andrew Smith in about 1996 and thereafter. It is a fictional diachronic language of the Romance family and has about 2500 words in its lexicon. See the link at the end of the article for the grammar and lexicon pages. The following was copied from Langmaker.

One of the best of the fictional languages on the web. Brithenig is the language of an alternate history, Ill Bethisad being the Romance language that might have evolved if Latin speakers had displaced Celtic speakers in Britain. Brithenig has undergone sound changes similar to those of Welsh, and has borrowed from Old Celtic and from Old, Middle and Modern English.

Included in The Traveller's Phrasebook:

In your tour you are approaching the border of a new country. The sign says: BENWENID A GHEMR and in smaller letters underneath: Welcome to Cambria. As Kemr is a member of the Economic Community customs is easily dealt with, but the guidebook is a different matter altogether:

1. Hello Helo
2. How are you? (or similar greeting question) Co es'gw
3. My name is... Mew no^n es ...
4. What is your name? Ke gos es-sa wstr no^n?
5. I am lost. Eo su berdded
6. Where am I? K'log su-eo?
7. Where is... K'log es-sa...
  - the bathroom (WC/toilet/human waste collection center)?   - ill ystafl baen?
  - my luggage?   - mew fuly?
  - the tourist center?   - ill sedd turist?
  - the embassy?   - lla ambasciad?
8. I'm sorry. Fal meg.
9. Please Se ddeg a'w
10. Thank you! Greid!
11. Help! Aydath!
12. I don't speak Brithenig very well. Eo mharol rhen Brithenig fenisaf.
13. I don't understand. Eo nhompruin rhen.
14. Speak more slowly please. Parolath bly lentfent, se ddeg a'w.
15. It was my wife's/husband's idea to come here for vacation! Sa er buinsad mew briwad wenir ci per ill gweil!
(The noun 'priwad' can be masculine or feminine in Brithenig according to which spouse is being referred to, so there is no difference here)
16. Could you recommend... Arybarew'gw...
  - a good restaurant?   - yn rhestawrant bon?
  - something good to eat?   - alch gos fon fannuger?
  - a good hotel?   - yn hotel bon?
  - a good doctor?   - yn meddig bon?
17. That was a lovely meal. What was it? Sa er yn temp di'll gweith bel. Ke gos er-sa?
18. How much do we owe you... Cant defen-nu...
  - for the meal?   - per ill temp di'll gweith?
  - for the room?   - per ill ystafl?
  - for the things that we broke?   - per llo chos ke nu rumpefan?
19. How much did you say it cost again? Cant dige'gu sa gost ancor?
20. You are joking, aren't you? Mellta'gw, si?
21. I am sorry, I didn't mean to insult you. Fal meg, eo mhuinsaf rhen affrontar gw.
22. Our customs are very different from yours. Nustr ddefad sun ddifferentisaf di wstr hyn.
23. I don't know anything about local politics, I'm afraid. Eo sab rhen alch am ill politig llog, eo dif.
24. Our guide did not tell us that there was a (revolution/war/soccer[football] championship) going on in this country. Nustr gwidadur nu haddigef ke sa er yn (cluinediwn/wer/gwiadig Rugby) awen in ill paes ci.
Ill gwiadig Rugby literally means 'Rugby tour'. Rugby is generically similar to American Football but is played with less protective padding. Rugby-playing nations regullarly tour each other to play national and regional teams. The Chemran do not consider Rugby to be a religion, quite the reverse.
25. Thank you for your hospitality. We enjoyed our visit very much, but now we must be going home because we have many important things to do there. Greididd per gwstr benwenid. Nu hinweidafan nustr gwisit mulltisaf, mai hur nu ddefen wenir a lla gas perch nu hafan mullt di llo chos far ffager.

External link

http://steen.free.fr/brithenig/introduction.html - Andrew

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