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Seuna nouns: Difference between revisions

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   |align=center| '''egla'''
   |align=center| '''egla'''
   |}
   |}
==position.tags==
Eight tags are front.stuck to nouns.
'''bali''' = above
'''keja''' = below
'''fas''' = in front (i.e. this side of)
'''cimo''' = behind (i.e. at the far side of)
'''ni''' = on (covers about the same semantic space as English "on")
'''tian''' = beside
'''pi''' = in
'''mu''' = out
There is a special symbol given to each of these tags, that is in text, they are never spelled out phonetically but their special symbol is used.


==role.tags==
==role.tags==
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'''ho''' = "with"
'''ho''' = "with"


'''yo''' is used to indicate the receiver of a gift.
'''yo''' is used to indicate the receiver of a gift.
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There is a special symbol given to each of these tags, that is in text, they are never spelled out phonetically but their special symbol is used.
There is a special symbol given to each of these tags, that is in text, they are never spelled out phonetically but their special symbol is used.


==Some attrition==
==position.tags==
 
Eight tags are front.stuck to nouns.
 
'''bali''' = above
 
'''keja''' = below
 
'''fas''' = in front (i.e. this side of)
 
'''cimo''' = behind (i.e. at the far side of)
 
'''ni''' = on (covers about the same semantic space as English "on")
 
'''tian''' = beside
 
'''pi''' = in > '''pilia''' "to enter" ... '''pilyari''' "I entered"
 
'''ompu''' = out > '''pilua''' "to exit" ... '''pilwari''' "I went out"
 
There is a special symbol given to each of these tags, that is in text, they are never spelled out phonetically but their special symbol is used.
 
==motion verbs==


'''na''' go '''dwolopiyo''' (S/he goes into the house) => '''na''' go '''dwolopyo'''
'''na''' go '''pidwolo''' = (S/he goes into the house)


'''na''' come '''dwolopile''' (S/he comes out of the house) => '''na''' come '''dwolople'''
'''na''' run '''pidwolo''' = (S/he runs into the house)


cat jumped wall'''niyo''' (The cat jumped onto the wall) => cat jumped wall'''nyo'''
"go" and "run" are considered "motion verbs" hence a change of position is assumed when they are used. When no change in position occurs


cat jumped wall'''nile''' (The cat jumped off the wall) (The '''ni''' bit is ofter missed out)
with a "motion verb", the sentence must receive extra marking. i.e.


Apart from the above 4 cases, you do not often get spacial and role tags in the same word.
'''na''' run '''pidwolof''' = (S/he runs in the house)
 
 
cat jumped '''ni'''wall = The cat jumped onto the wall
 
cat jumped '''ni'''wall'''f''' = The cat jumped on top of the wall (the English translation is actually ambiguous)
 
"the cat jumped from the wall" would be
 
meu jumped wall'''le'''
 
or if you really wanted to pin the meaning down
 
meu jumped '''ni'''wall'''le'''


== When two nouns come together ==
== When two nouns come together ==
===attributive===
For the many situations in which one noun qualifies another and ownership isn't involved, we use the particle '''ta''' between the nouns.
book '''ta mi''' = a book written by me


===possession===
===possession===


As mentioned above the endtag '''-ge''' is translated by "of" in English. However -ge actually functions in a smaller range of situation than "of". In actual fact it is only used when "possession" is involved. For the many situations in which one noun qualifies another and ownership isn't involved, we use the particle '''ta''' between the nouns.
As mentioned above the endtag '''-ge''' is translated by "of" in English. However -ge actually functions in a smaller range of situation than "of". In actual fact it is only used when "possession" is involved.  
 
For example;-
For example;-


book '''mige''' = my book (a book owned by me)
book '''mige''' = my book (a book owned by me)


book '''ta mi''' = a book written by me
===inalienable possession===
 
'''yu''' = second person pronoun
 
'''baba''' = father
 
'''babayu''' = your father
 
'''nogami''' = my leg
 
As well as body parts and family members, also locations take the inalienable construction
(Interesting fact - the words for "face" and "back", can be considered both body parts and locations.


===inalienable possession===
'''pi''' = the interior, the inside


'''baba yu''' = your father
'''dwolo''' = house


'''noga mi''' = my leg
'''pidwolo''' = the interior of the house


?? could it become incorporated ?? nogami = my leg, nogamin = my legs, nogaminfi = at my legs ??
'''pidwolof''' = in the house


=== other associations ===
=== other associations ===
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table '''ta''' wood
table '''ta''' wood


three litres '''ta''' milk
milk three litres milk


'''ta''' can be used withiut a proceding noun.
'''ta''' can be used withiut a proceding noun.
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In Seuna when to nouns come together, they can be translated into English with an "and" between them. (Same also for verbs).  
In Seuna when to nouns come together, they can be translated into English with an "and" between them. (Same also for verbs).  


?? Stand-together ?? what is the correct technical term ?? Juxtaposition ??
X Y Z.jwo = X and Y and Z
X Y Z.ple = X or Y or Z When speaking a list, there is a definite pause between each item.


This is not allowed in Seuna - you can not have "Obama, the president" but must insert a '''ta''' between the two nouns, introducing the second element, in a relative clause. Similarly "William the Conqueror", Alexander the Great"
'''jwo''' and '''ple''' are both clitics.


In theory this could cause some confusion when you have nouns with inalielable possession. But in practice it doesn't. My father and I = '''mi baba mi''' or '''baba mi mi'''. The timing --- we have one comma - one pause between different items.
Adposition is not allowed in Seuna - you can not have "Obama, the president" but must insert a '''ta''' between the two nouns, introducing the second element, in a relative clause. Similarly "William the Conqueror", Alexander the Great"


Co-ordinative compounds ( motherfather = parents, swordspear = weapen, armleg =limb) when both words contribute equally to the compound. Called Dvandva in Sanskrit.
Co-ordinative compounds ( motherfather = parents, swordspear = weapen, armleg =limb) when both words contribute equally to the compound. Called Dvandva in Sanskrit.
My son, the doctor, went to town
My son, the doctor, and I went to town


===compounds===
===compounds===


'''senai.tolno''' = windmill ... writen as '''senai.tolno''' but pronounced '''senaindolno'''
'''tolno.senai''' = windmill
 
'''mose.tolno''' = watermill ... writen as '''mose.tolno''' but pronounced '''mosendolno'''
 
?? We need an example with second word k... and p.. etc ??
 
After the nasal all unvoiced stops turn to voiced stops.


Actually it would be better if "l" was used for this link phoneme. "n" is already used in many functions and "l" is comparatively idle. However the "l" gesture is just too awkward and the nasal gesture too easy. (The moral is - if you want restful life : act awkward)
'''tolno.mose''' = watermill


There are many compounds. The compounds are head final. More than 50% are attributive compounds. Compounds have a nasal inserted between the two components. In the writing system this is represented by a grammatical mark '''.''' (actually it should be mid-level). If the second component begins with a unvoiced sound, it changes to voices in the compound
There are many compounds. The compounds are head final. More than 50% are attributive compounds.  


The same method of compounding is used for object incorporating in verbs.
The same method of compounding is used for object incorporating in verbs.
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wife.beat'''gu''' = wifebeater
wife.beat'''gu''' = wifebeater
[[Category:Seuna]]


==Index==
==Index==


{{Seuna index}}
{{Seuna index}}

Latest revision as of 16:48, 27 May 2009

Nouns in Seuna has a lot of old ideas. Seuna suffixes and some grammar has an old idea. Seuna rubbish the same.

plural

The plural is formed by adding a final "n". In the writing system this is represented by a grammatical mark :, not by the soundmark n.

kloga = shoe, klogan = shoes

There is a subgroup of nouns that become plural by changing internally.

man bla men bala male(adjective) obla
woman gla women gala female(adjective) egla

role.tags

Nine role.tags are end.stuck to nouns.

u = "by"

yo = "to" or "upto"

ji = "for"

fi = "at"

ge = "of"

le = "from"

s ... can be said to show the accusative case. Also used for the vocative case.

wa = "towards" or "about"

ho = "with"

yo is used to indicate the receiver of a gift.

wa also corresponds to English "about" as in "I think about you".

fi is often eroded to f if the word ends in a vowel or n. The eight position.tags can be thought of as a semantic expantion of fi. You normally use fi along with one of the position.tags.

The nominative is unmarked. Also the nouns that follows all prepositions are unmarked ???

There is a special symbol given to each of these tags, that is in text, they are never spelled out phonetically but their special symbol is used.

position.tags

Eight tags are front.stuck to nouns.

bali = above

keja = below

fas = in front (i.e. this side of)

cimo = behind (i.e. at the far side of)

ni = on (covers about the same semantic space as English "on")

tian = beside

pi = in > pilia "to enter" ... pilyari "I entered"

ompu = out > pilua "to exit" ... pilwari "I went out"

There is a special symbol given to each of these tags, that is in text, they are never spelled out phonetically but their special symbol is used.

motion verbs

na go pidwolo = (S/he goes into the house)

na run pidwolo = (S/he runs into the house)

"go" and "run" are considered "motion verbs" hence a change of position is assumed when they are used. When no change in position occurs

with a "motion verb", the sentence must receive extra marking. i.e.

na run pidwolof = (S/he runs in the house)


cat jumped niwall = The cat jumped onto the wall

cat jumped niwallf = The cat jumped on top of the wall (the English translation is actually ambiguous)

"the cat jumped from the wall" would be

meu jumped wallle

or if you really wanted to pin the meaning down

meu jumped niwallle

When two nouns come together

attributive

For the many situations in which one noun qualifies another and ownership isn't involved, we use the particle ta between the nouns.

book ta mi = a book written by me

possession

As mentioned above the endtag -ge is translated by "of" in English. However -ge actually functions in a smaller range of situation than "of". In actual fact it is only used when "possession" is involved. For example;-

book mige = my book (a book owned by me)

inalienable possession

yu = second person pronoun

baba = father

babayu = your father

nogami = my leg

As well as body parts and family members, also locations take the inalienable construction (Interesting fact - the words for "face" and "back", can be considered both body parts and locations.

pi = the interior, the inside

dwolo = house

pidwolo = the interior of the house

pidwolof = in the house

other associations

door ta room

paper ta today

table ta wood

milk three litres milk

ta can be used withiut a proceding noun.

ta room = the one of the room

ta today = the one of today

ta wood = the one of wood

ta hia = the red one

tan hia = the red ones

ta wood = the one made of wood

tan piboatfi = the ones in the boat

ta mige = that one of mine

tan mige = those ones of mine

two nouns together

In Seuna when to nouns come together, they can be translated into English with an "and" between them. (Same also for verbs).

X Y Z.jwo = X and Y and Z X Y Z.ple = X or Y or Z When speaking a list, there is a definite pause between each item.

jwo and ple are both clitics.

Adposition is not allowed in Seuna - you can not have "Obama, the president" but must insert a ta between the two nouns, introducing the second element, in a relative clause. Similarly "William the Conqueror", Alexander the Great"

Co-ordinative compounds ( motherfather = parents, swordspear = weapen, armleg =limb) when both words contribute equally to the compound. Called Dvandva in Sanskrit.

My son, the doctor, went to town My son, the doctor, and I went to town

compounds

tolno.senai = windmill

tolno.mose = watermill

There are many compounds. The compounds are head final. More than 50% are attributive compounds.

The same method of compounding is used for object incorporating in verbs.

I hunt deer => I deer.hunt

hand.makeoi = handmade

wife.beatgu = wifebeater

Index

  1. Introduction to Seuna
  2. Seuna : Chapter 1
  3. Seuna word shape
  4. The script of Seuna
  5. Seuna sentence structure
  6. Seuna pronouns
  7. Seuna nouns
  8. Seuna verbs (1)
  9. Seuna adjectives
  10. Seuna demonstratives
  11. Seuna verbs (2)
  12. Asking a question in Seuna
  13. Seuna relative clauses
  14. Seuna verbs (3)
  15. Methods for deriving words in Seuna
  16. List of all Seuna derivational affixes
  17. Numbers in Seuna
  18. Naming people in Seuna
  19. The Seuna calendar
  20. Seuna units
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