Talk:Proto-Northern-Romance (MGR): Difference between revisions

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===== Vowel Lengthening in Open Syllables =====
Major revisions to morphology April 2010 following improvements to sound change program.
Vowels in open syllables became lengthened, and three new sounds {{IPA|/ɛː/}}, {{IPA|/eː/}} and {{IPA|/oː/}} emerged:


{{shaded table| title=Open Syllable Lengthening | cols=3 }}
::: * * *
| ɪ ||> || eː
 
|-
===== ''Ewert on atonic vowels'' =====
| ɛ ||> || ɛː
''Ewert's treatment is terse, to the point and clarifying:''
|-
<div class="border-left">
| a ||> || aː
''Fine distinctions of quality are obliterated, with the result that ɛ and e, ɔ and o falI together. Further, the V.L. quantitative distinction (if it ever existed in atonic vowels, cf. § 21) was not maintained. GalIo-Roman therefore inherited from V.L. the atonic vowels a, e, i, o, u, which were presumably short and were already tending to weaken and disappear.''
|-
| ɔ ||> || ɔː
|-
| ʊ ||> || oː
|}


== Pronouns ==
''(ii) FINAL AND COUNTERFINAL VOWELS''


==== Personal, reflexive and impersonal pronouns ====
''29. These persist in V.L. in a weakened form with a tendency to confuse e and i, o and u. In Old French, a remains in a weakened form as so-calIed feminine e ( = ə) (cf. § 61): BONA> bonne, AMAS> aimes. This change dates from about the end of the eighth century. e, i, o, u generally disappear (about the seventh century), but they persist in the form of the weakened supporting vowel ə in the following cases: (a) before a group of consonants (AMENT>aiment); (b) after a group of consonants requiring a supporting vowel, notably cons. + I, r, m, n, excepting kl, gr, gn, rm, rn (DUPLUM > double, PATREM > peðre >pere, *HELMU (Germ. helm) > helme > heaume, ALNUM> alne> aune). The group may be primary, i.e. inherited as such from Latin, or secondary, i.e. developed subsequently through the loss of a vowel (MASCULUM > MASC'LU > masle> male). In the absence of any supporting vowel an ə is developed (INSIMUL> ENSEM'L > ensemble, MINOR> MEN'R > mendre later moindre ≠ moins). It will be seen that ə persists even after the reduction of the group which originalIy required the supporting vowel (pere, heaume, aune, male). For the apparent exceptions presented by borrowed words, cf. § 500.''
</div>


Many of these pronouns have a short or unstressed and a long or stressed form.  Where this is the case the short or unstressed form is shown to the left and the long or stressed to the right with a slash between them.  It should be noted that some of these stressed or long forms go back to Latin unstressed forms which became stressed once again in certain contexts.  These re-stressed forms with lengthened vowels could then lose stress again, resulting in doublets with a long vowel and a diphthong respectively, and thus three different forms corresponding to three degrees of stress or emphasis.  In the further development of the separate languages some or other of these forms usually fell out of use, the cycle of loss and acquisition of stress going on through the centuries.  The impersonal pronoun '''hom''' is in origin an unstressed form of the noun '''hoam''' 'man' < {{SC|homō}}, illustrating this process at its extreme.
: ''I take this to mean:''


{| cellspacing="4" class="gridtable shadedtable"
{| class=gridtable
!colspan=8 class="shadedtable" style="border: 0px !important;"| Personal, reflexive and impersonal pronouns
! C.L. !! V.L.? !! Stage 1 !! Stage 2 !! Stage 3 !! OF
|-
|-
| colspan=2 rowspan=2|
| ī || i || i || i || i || i
! colspan="2" | Singular
! colspan="2" | Plural
|-
|-
! m.
| ĭ || ɪ ||rowspan=2| e ||rowspan=3| e ||rowspan=3| ə ||rowspan=3| —
! f.
! m.
! f.
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" | 1st person
| ē || e
! Nom.
| colspan="2" | jō
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | nus
|-
|-
! Acc.
| ĕ || ɛ || ɛ
| colspan="2" | mi/mē/mei
|-
|-
! Gen.
| ū || u || u || u || y || y
| mīs
| ma
| nōster
| nōstra
|-
|-
! Dat.
| ŭ || ʊ ||rowspan=2| o ||rowspan=3| o ||rowspan=3| ə ||rowspan=3| —
| colspan="2" | mī
| colspan="2" | nous
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" | 2d person
| ō || o
! Nom.
| colspan="2" | tū
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | wus
|-
|-
! Acc.
| ŏ || ɔ || ɔ
| colspan="2" | ti/tē/tei
|-
|-
! Gen.
| ā, ă || a || a || a || a || ə
| tus
| ta
| wōster
| wōstra
|-
! Dat.
| colspan="2" | tī
| colspan="2" | wous
! Refl.
! Impers.
|-
! rowspan="4" | 3d person
! Nom.
| el
| ella
| lī/ellī
| lē/lei/ellas
|
| hom
|-
! Acc.
| lu/lō/lou
| la/lā
| los/els
| las/ellas
| si/sē/sei
| hom(m)
|-
! Gen.
| sus
| sa
| colspan="2" | lōr/lour/ellōr
|
| hommis
|-
! Dat.
| lui
| lei
| colspan="2" | līs/ellīs
| sī
| hommī
|}
|}
 
[[User:Melroch|BPJ]] 21:13, 24 July 2008 (UTC)
<pre>
Here it is, actually first drawn on paper, then created in
a WYSIWYG HTML editor and then converted to wiki!
 
I had to combine two table styles -- which I preferred
to creating a brand new one -- to make it reasonably
readable; the box grid and different shadings did wonders
compared to applying only either one of the two styles! 
There is still a small rendering bug in that the gridline
under the heading box is cut off.  I'm afraid we'll have
to live with that ATM.
</pre>

Latest revision as of 02:03, 10 April 2010

Major revisions to morphology April 2010 following improvements to sound change program.

* * *
Ewert on atonic vowels

Ewert's treatment is terse, to the point and clarifying:

Fine distinctions of quality are obliterated, with the result that ɛ and e, ɔ and o falI together. Further, the V.L. quantitative distinction (if it ever existed in atonic vowels, cf. § 21) was not maintained. GalIo-Roman therefore inherited from V.L. the atonic vowels a, e, i, o, u, which were presumably short and were already tending to weaken and disappear.

(ii) FINAL AND COUNTERFINAL VOWELS

29. These persist in V.L. in a weakened form with a tendency to confuse e and i, o and u. In Old French, a remains in a weakened form as so-calIed feminine e ( = ə) (cf. § 61): BONA> bonne, AMAS> aimes. This change dates from about the end of the eighth century. e, i, o, u generally disappear (about the seventh century), but they persist in the form of the weakened supporting vowel ə in the following cases: (a) before a group of consonants (AMENT>aiment); (b) after a group of consonants requiring a supporting vowel, notably cons. + I, r, m, n, excepting kl, gr, gn, rm, rn (DUPLUM > double, PATREM > peðre >pere, *HELMU (Germ. helm) > helme > heaume, ALNUM> alne> aune). The group may be primary, i.e. inherited as such from Latin, or secondary, i.e. developed subsequently through the loss of a vowel (MASCULUM > MASC'LU > masle> male). In the absence of any supporting vowel an ə is developed (INSIMUL> ENSEM'L > ensemble, MINOR> MEN'R > mendre later moindre ≠ moins). It will be seen that ə persists even after the reduction of the group which originalIy required the supporting vowel (pere, heaume, aune, male). For the apparent exceptions presented by borrowed words, cf. § 500.

I take this to mean:
C.L. V.L.? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 OF
ī i i i i i
ĭ ɪ e e ə —
ē e
ĕ ɛ ɛ
ū u u u y y
ŭ ʊ o o ə —
ō o
ŏ ɔ ɔ
ā, ă a a a a ə

BPJ 21:13, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

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