|
|
| (25 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Ilya}}
| | ( ) |
| =Nouns=
| |
| | |
| ==Plurals==
| |
| | |
| *'''-t'''/'''-at''' for most words
| |
| *'''-m'''/'''-em''' for words ending in front vowels other than [a] or when the word ends with a coronal plosive
| |
| | |
| The plural endings do not change the original stress of the word: '''neko''', cat... '''nekom''' cats, '''muj''', man... '''mujat''', men. Note that adjectives do not agree with plural nouns.
| |
| | |
| If there are other words (such as '''zida''' (much/many) or numbers) that indicate plurality, the plural ending may be omitted.
| |
| | |
| Gender is not indicated in most nouns. For animals, use '''muj''' and '''jena''' as adjectives after the noun.
| |
| | |
| =Articles=
| |
| | |
| Ilya only has a definite article, but it inflects for case.
| |
| | |
| * the NOM -- '''al'''
| |
| * the ACC -- '''el'''
| |
| | |
| The preposition '''di''' (of/from/about) is used without an article to express the partitive sense, e.g. '''icub di qahua'''... a cup of coffee, '''al darab di yuga'''... the piece of cake.
| |
| | |
| No article is used when a word is being used in a generic sense, e.g. '''amu qahua, yuga ilha tayeb'''... I like coffee, cake is good.
| |
| | |
| It is always permissible to drop articles after prepositions.
| |
| | |
| No article is necessary before names, words used as names, abstract nouns ('''-(e)ya'''), or infinitives ('''-ek/-mak''').
| |
| | |
| =Determiners=
| |
| | |
| The following words precede the noun and often substitute for '''la''' or '''un''' and add a degree of precision:
| |
| | |
| *this -- '''hada'''
| |
| **e.g. this thing, these things -- '''hada ceya, hada ceyat'''
| |
| **as a pronoun: this, these -- '''hada, hadam'''
| |
| *that -- '''sela'''
| |
| **e.g. that thing, those things -- '''sela ceya, sela ceyat'''
| |
| **as a pronoun: that, those -- '''sela, selat'''
| |
| | |
| *all -- '''kul(u)'''
| |
| **e.g. all things, everything -- '''kul ceyat'''
| |
| **as a pronoun: all, everyone -- '''kulu'''
| |
| *each, every -- '''kada'''
| |
| **e.g. each thing, everything -- '''kada ceya'''
| |
| **as a pronoun: each one, every one -- '''kularen''' (persons only)
| |
| *some -- '''nej'''
| |
| **e.g. something, somethings -- '''nej ceya, nej ceyat'''
| |
| **as a pronoun: someone -- '''nejaren''' (persons only)
| |
| *no -- '''ne , la'''
| |
| **e.g. nothing, no one -- '''nul, neren'''
| |
| **as a pronoun: none, no one -- '''neren''' (persons only)
| |
| | |
| The following (when adjectives) require an article unless plural:
| |
| | |
| *many -- '''zida'''
| |
| **e.g. '''ceyat zida'''... many things
| |
| **e.g. '''al zida ceyat'''... the many things
| |
| *few -- '''cua'''
| |
| **e.g. '''ceyat cua'''... few things
| |
| **e.g. '''al ceyat cua'''... the few things
| |
| *same -- '''ista'''
| |
| **e.g. '''al ceya ista, al ceyat ista'''... the same thing, the same things
| |
| *other, else -- '''otra'''
| |
| **e.g. '''al ceya otra, al ceyat otra'''... the other things, the other thing
| |
| **e.g. '''ceya otra, ceyat otra'''... another thing, other things.
| |
| | |
| The preceding particles are often followed by...
| |
| | |
| *thing -- '''ceya'''
| |
| *person -- '''aren'''
| |
| *time -- '''ura''' (time, hour of the day)
| |
| **'''ima''' (occasion)
| |
| *place -- '''omra''' (area)
| |
| **'''lu''' (location)
| |
| *amount, quantity -- '''anza'''
| |
| *manner, way, how -- '''mod'''
| |
| *case, situation, circumstance -- '''miq'''
| |
| | |
| Others:
| |
| | |
| *both -- '''bada'''
| |
| **'''bada ceyat'''
| |
| *enough -- '''bas'''
| |
| **'''bas ceyat'''
| |
| *such -- '''tan'''
| |
| **'''tan ceyat'''
| |
| *certain -- '''tok'''
| |
| **'''tok ceya, tok ceyat'''
| |
| *sole, only -- '''nur(a)'''
| |
| **'''al nura ceya, nur ceya'''
| |
| | |
| =Pronouns=
| |
| | |
| ==Accusative==
| |
| | |
| [[Image:Enom acc.GIF]]
| |
| | |
| *'''te''' The polite/formal form.
| |
| *'''il''', neuter | '''ila''', feminine | '''ilu''', masculine.
| |
| | |
| ==Reflexive==
| |
| | |
| [[Image:Enom refl.GIF]]
| |
| | |
| ==Possessive==
| |
| | |
| [[Image:Enom poss.GIF]]
| |
| | |
| *'''nai''' is more common than '''anai'''.
| |
| | |
| ==Nominative==
| |
| | |
| [[Image:Enom nom ek.GIF]]
| |
| | |
| *Endings for verbs that end in a consonant.
| |
| | |
| [[Image:Enom nom mak.GIF]]
| |
| | |
| *Endings for verbs that end in a vowel.
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| [[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Ilya]]
| |
