Fluid-S: Difference between revisions
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A '''fluid-S''' language is a language in which not so much subject and | A '''fluid-S''' language is a language in which not so much subject and | ||
object are distinguished from each other but ''agent'' and ''patient''. | object are distinguished from each other but ''agent'' and ''patient''. | ||
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| || AOR-break-3SG:P-3SG:A M-AGT man-AGT I-OBJ knife-OBJ | | || AOR-break-3SG:P-3SG:A M-AGT man-AGT I-OBJ knife-OBJ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || `The man broke the knife.' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| || AOR-flee-3SG:A M-AGT man-AGT | | || AOR-flee-3SG:A M-AGT man-AGT | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || `The man fled.' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 26: | Line 28: | ||
| || AOR-sit-3SG:P M-OBJ man-OBJ | | || AOR-sit-3SG:P M-OBJ man-OBJ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || `The man sat.' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| || AOR-come-3SG:A father-AGT 1SG-GEN-AGT | | || AOR-come-3SG:A father-AGT 1SG-GEN-AGT | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || `My father came.' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| | {| | ||
| (5) || Acvama gratath thas. | | (5) || '''Acvama gratath thas.''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || AOR-come-3SG:P letter-OBJ 2SG-GEN-OBJ | | || AOR-come-3SG:P letter-OBJ 2SG-GEN-OBJ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || | | || `Your letter came.' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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See also [[degrees of volition]]. | See also [[degrees of volition]]. | ||
{{Grammar}} | |||
Latest revision as of 10:37, 3 November 2012
This article is a stub. If you can contribute to its content, feel free to do so.
A fluid-S language is a language in which not so much subject and object are distinguished from each other but agent and patient. The subject of an intransitive verb is marked the same way as a transitive subject if it is an agent, and like a transitive object if it is not. Here are a few examples from Old Albic:
| (1) | Ibretara o ndero am phath. |
| AOR-break-3SG:P-3SG:A M-AGT man-AGT I-OBJ knife-OBJ | |
| `The man broke the knife.' |
| (2) | Obosca o ndero. |
| AOR-flee-3SG:A M-AGT man-AGT | |
| `The man fled.' |
| (3) | Acara om nderom. |
| AOR-sit-3SG:P M-OBJ man-OBJ | |
| `The man sat.' |
Both markings may be used with the same verb, depending on the agency of the subject:
| (4) | Acvamsa atto maso. |
| AOR-come-3SG:A father-AGT 1SG-GEN-AGT | |
| `My father came.' |
| (5) | Acvama gratath thas. |
| AOR-come-3SG:P letter-OBJ 2SG-GEN-OBJ | |
| `Your letter came.' |
In the examples (2) and (4), the subject acts out of itself, it is an agent; hence it receives the same marking as the transitive subject in (1). The subjects in (3) and (5) are not agents, and are thus marked like the object in (1).
See also degrees of volition.
| This article is part of a series on Grammar and Syntax. (Click to View) Grammar:
Syntax:
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