East-C Altaic': Difference between revisions

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Yet another [[phonology]] excercize. This one originated from the observation that [[Labialization|labialized]] [[velar consonant|velars]] are common; [[labial-velar]]s and labialized [[uvular consonant|uvulars]] are restricted to certain areas, but still common within them. These areas (chiefly: west Africa on one hand, Ethiopia and northwest America on the other) however do not overlap [http://wals.info/feature/combined?id1=6&id2=6&text=Presence+of+Uncommon+Consonants&hidden=Presence+of+Uncommon+Consonants], and thus labial-uvular consonants do not exist in any [[natlang]]. Clearly this a basically random gap that needs to be filled! The overall sound here seems so far quite unique to me, which is good.
This will probably eventually be forked to a separate daughterlang page.
This will probably eventually be forked to a separate daughterlang page.


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*{{IPA|/ʂ ʃ/}} are written <&#115;> in coda position.
*{{IPA|/ʂ ʃ/}} are written <&#115;> in coda position.
*{{IPA|/ɭ/}} is written <l> before another retroflex.
*{{IPA|/ɭ/}} is written <l> before another retroflex.
A final t or c is elided before a word beginning with a voiced stop.


===Long vowels===
===Long vowels===
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CV{t, c, S, m, n, ŋ, L}
CV{t, c, S, m, n, ŋ, L}


dr nr ll gm xm do not occur word-initially. b does not occur intervocally.
dr nr ll xm do not occur word-initially. b does not occur intervocally.


Occuring clusters:
Occuring clusters:
Line 97: Line 97:
*lP lB lF ly lw
*lP lB lF ly lw
**ldr lsr are {{IPA|/ɭɖ ɭʂ/}})
**ldr lsr are {{IPA|/ɭɖ ɭʂ/}})
A final t or c is elided before a word beginning with a voiced stop.


===Sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]===
===Sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]===
(partial list)
(partial list)
*Front vowel chain shift: æ → e → i → əɪ
*Vowel shift:
*ʊ → o
**e → əɪ → aɪ
**æ → ɛ → iɛ
**ʊ → ɔ → uɔ
**stage 2 conditional - block'd in closed syllables (prenasals notwithstanding)
*syncope
*syncope
<!--**conditions-->
<!--**conditions-->
*e o tensen, then → iɛ uɔ
*ɪ ɜ → ɪ~ʊ, ɛ~ʌ as decribed
*ɪ ɜ → ɪ~ʊ, ɛ~ʌ as decribed
*əɪ → aɪ
*ʈ → ɽ
*ʈ → ɽ
*Prenasalization drops before stops, creating a voiced stop series
*Prenasalization drops before stops, creating a voiced stop series
**also mβ → mw → ŋw intervocally
**remaining preconsonantal non-postvocalic nasals vocalize
*Labialized velars & uvulars become labial-velars & -uvulars
*Labialized velars & uvulars become labial-velars & -uvulars
*ɢ → ʁ; b → β intervocally
*ɢ → ʁ; b → β intervocally
*cluster cleanup:
*cluster cleanup:
**t d → ∅ / _ɽ
**elimination of 1st member
**m n → l / _l
***t d → ∅ / _ɽ
**...
**regressiv gemination
***m n → l / _l
***S → N / _N
***t → m / _m
***P → S / _S
**tb → tβ
**labiodorsalization w/ regressiv voicing
***kb km → gb ŋm
***qb qm → ɢb ɴm
***gp gm → kp ŋm
***etc.
**sj → ʃ
*ɽ → ɭ in coda position, → ɖ intervocally, → ∅ elsewhere
*ɽ → ɭ in coda position, → ɖ intervocally, → ∅ elsewhere
*ll → ɭ
*ll → ɭ
*ʂ, ʃ → j intervocally in front-harmonic context, later generalized in certain suffixes to back-harmonic context too
==Test words==
{|
! orthography !! pronunciation !! late PEA'?
|-
| ''diesetbeyi'' || /ˈdiɛ̯sɛtβɛjɪ/ || *dēsa-t-baṣ-ī
|-
| ''srúxmu'' || /ˈʂuːɴmʊ/ || *ṣū-q-mi
|-
| ''syétbenná'' || /ˌʃaɪ̯tβɛnˈnɑː/ || *šay-t-baṣ-nā
|-
| ''nguajasqí'' || /ˌŋuɔʤʌsˈqiː/ || *ŋ°ōnja-səq-ī
|-
| ''déxessikpi'' || /ˌdaɪ̯ʁɛsːɪkpɪ/ || *ndayŋxa-səq-sik°i
<!--|-
| '''' || // || *-->
|}
[[Category:Earth']]

Latest revision as of 16:35, 3 September 2009

Yet another phonology excercize. This one originated from the observation that labialized velars are common; labial-velars and labialized uvulars are restricted to certain areas, but still common within them. These areas (chiefly: west Africa on one hand, Ethiopia and northwest America on the other) however do not overlap [1], and thus labial-uvular consonants do not exist in any natlang. Clearly this a basically random gap that needs to be filled! The overall sound here seems so far quite unique to me, which is good.

This will probably eventually be forked to a separate daughterlang page.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Postalveolar Velar Labial-velar Uvular Labial-uvular Glottal
Voiceless stops (P) p t c /ʧ/ k kp q qp
Voiced stops (B) b d dr /ɖ/ j /ʤ/ g gb xb /ɢb/
Nasals (N) m n nr /ɳ/ ŋ (ng) gm /ŋm/ xm /ɴm/
Fricativs (F) v /β/ s sr /ʂ/ sy /ʃ/ x /ʁ/ h
Approximants (A) l ll /ɭ/ y /j/ w
  • /β/ is written <b> after /t/ and in some words intervocally.
  • /ʂ ʃ/ are written <s> in coda position.
  • /ɭ/ is written <l> before another retroflex.

Long vowels

Front Back
Hi í /iː/ ú /uː/
Mid ie /iɛ̯/ ua /uɔ̯/
Lo é /aɪ̯/ á /ɑː/

Short vowels

Hi i, u /ɪ ~ ʊ/; lo e, a /ɛ ~ ʌ/.

There's a front-back harmony in effect which prohibits short back vowels occuring after front vowels, and vice versa. Factor in that the first vowel of a word is always long, and hey presto, we have only two short arkivowels.

A final lo short vowel is reduced to shwa or elided wholesale before a word beginning with a sonorant.

Stress

Final if it's a long vowel, on the penult if that has a long vowel but the final doesn't, initial otherwise. In the first 2 cases, there's secondary initial stress.

Phonotax

CV{t, c, S, m, n, ŋ, L}

dr nr ll xm do not occur word-initially. b does not occur intervocally.

Occuring clusters:

  • tP tŋ tb (=/tβ/) ty tw
  • ck cy cw
  • SP Sv SS Sw
    • This arkiphoneme is /ʂ/ before another /ʂ/, /ʃ/ before /ʃ ʧ/, as well as word-finally or before a non-coronal after a front vowel; and /s/ elsewhere.
  • mp
  • n + coronal other than /ɖ ɳ ɭ l/; ny nw
  • ŋP ŋB ŋŋ ŋF ŋl ŋy ŋw
    • except ŋb ŋɖ ŋʤ
    • ŋq ŋqp ŋx ŋxb have [ɴ]
  • lP lB lF ly lw
    • ldr lsr are /ɭɖ ɭʂ/)

A final t or c is elided before a word beginning with a voiced stop.

Sound changes from Proto-East Altaic'

(partial list)

  • Vowel shift:
    • e → əɪ → aɪ
    • æ → ɛ → iɛ
    • ʊ → ɔ → uɔ
    • stage 2 conditional - block'd in closed syllables (prenasals notwithstanding)
  • syncope
  • ɪ ɜ → ɪ~ʊ, ɛ~ʌ as decribed
  • ʈ → ɽ
  • Prenasalization drops before stops, creating a voiced stop series
    • also mβ → mw → ŋw intervocally
    • remaining preconsonantal non-postvocalic nasals vocalize
  • Labialized velars & uvulars become labial-velars & -uvulars
  • ɢ → ʁ; b → β intervocally
  • cluster cleanup:
    • elimination of 1st member
      • t d → ∅ / _ɽ
    • regressiv gemination
      • m n → l / _l
      • S → N / _N
      • t → m / _m
      • P → S / _S
    • tb → tβ
    • labiodorsalization w/ regressiv voicing
      • kb km → gb ŋm
      • qb qm → ɢb ɴm
      • gp gm → kp ŋm
      • etc.
    • sj → ʃ
  • ɽ → ɭ in coda position, → ɖ intervocally, → ∅ elsewhere
  • ll → ɭ
  • ʂ, ʃ → j intervocally in front-harmonic context, later generalized in certain suffixes to back-harmonic context too

Test words

orthography pronunciation late PEA'?
diesetbeyi /ˈdiɛ̯sɛtβɛjɪ/ *dēsa-t-baṣ-ī
srúxmu /ˈʂuːɴmʊ/ *ṣū-q-mi
syétbenná /ˌʃaɪ̯tβɛnˈnɑː/ *šay-t-baṣ-nā
nguajasqí /ˌŋuɔʤʌsˈqiː/ *ŋ°ōnja-səq-ī
déxessikpi /ˌdaɪ̯ʁɛsːɪkpɪ/ *ndayŋxa-səq-sik°i
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